Salicylic acid: effect on the physiological quality of Cichorium endivia L. seeds
1 recurso en línea (páginas 314-321) : ilustraciones color.
- Autores:
-
Fontana, Daniele Cristina
Meira, Daniela
Zanatta, Thais Pollon
Werner, Carla Janaina
Brezolin, Patricia
Kulczynski, Stela Maris
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2018
- Institución:
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- RiUPTC: Repositorio Institucional UPTC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.uptc.edu.co:001/2865
- Acceso en línea:
- http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2865
- Palabra clave:
- Escarola: Cichorium endivia L.
Escarola - Cultivo
Agrosavia
Germination
Vigor
Plant growth regulator
Escarole
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Copyright (c) 2017 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
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Salicylic acid: effect on the physiological quality of Cichorium endivia L. seeds |
| dc.title.alternative.spa.fl_str_mv |
Acido salicílico: efecto sobre la calidad fisiológica de semillas de Cichorium endivia L. |
| title |
Salicylic acid: effect on the physiological quality of Cichorium endivia L. seeds |
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Salicylic acid: effect on the physiological quality of Cichorium endivia L. seeds Escarola: Cichorium endivia L. Escarola - Cultivo Agrosavia Germination Vigor Plant growth regulator Escarole |
| title_short |
Salicylic acid: effect on the physiological quality of Cichorium endivia L. seeds |
| title_full |
Salicylic acid: effect on the physiological quality of Cichorium endivia L. seeds |
| title_fullStr |
Salicylic acid: effect on the physiological quality of Cichorium endivia L. seeds |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Salicylic acid: effect on the physiological quality of Cichorium endivia L. seeds |
| title_sort |
Salicylic acid: effect on the physiological quality of Cichorium endivia L. seeds |
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Fontana, Daniele Cristina Meira, Daniela Zanatta, Thais Pollon Werner, Carla Janaina Brezolin, Patricia Kulczynski, Stela Maris |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Fontana, Daniele Cristina Meira, Daniela Zanatta, Thais Pollon Werner, Carla Janaina Brezolin, Patricia Kulczynski, Stela Maris |
| dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv |
Escarola: Cichorium endivia L. Escarola - Cultivo |
| topic |
Escarola: Cichorium endivia L. Escarola - Cultivo Agrosavia Germination Vigor Plant growth regulator Escarole |
| dc.subject.armarc.spa.fl_str_mv |
Agrosavia |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Germination Vigor Plant growth regulator Escarole |
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1 recurso en línea (páginas 314-321) : ilustraciones color. |
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2018-06-06 |
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Fontana, D. C. y otros. (2017). Salicylic acid: effect on the physiological quality of Cichorium endivia L. seeds. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas, 11(2), 314-321. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2017v11i2.7353. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2865 |
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10.17584/rcch.2017v11i2.7353 |
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Fontana, D. C. y otros. (2017). Salicylic acid: effect on the physiological quality of Cichorium endivia L. seeds. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas, 11(2), 314-321. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2017v11i2.7353. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2865 2422-3719 10.17584/rcch.2017v11i2.7353 |
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Brunes, A.P., L.W., Dias, I.D. Leitzke, A.S. Silva, and V.N. Soares, 2015. Tratamento de sementes de girassol com ácido salicílico. Encicl. Biosf. 11(21), 1847. Carvalho, P.R., N.B.M. Neto, and C.C. Custódio. 2007. Ácido salicílico em sementes de calêndula (Calendula officinalis L.) sob diferentes estresses. Rev. Bras. Sementes 29(1) 114-124. Doi: 10.1590/ S0101-31222007000100016 Costa, M.F., D.M. Moraes, and R.C.P. Moraes. 2000. Ácido salicílico: efeito na qualidade de sementes de soja. Rev. Bras. Sementes 22(1), 264-270. Doi: 10.17801/0101- 3122/rbs.v22n1p264-270 Cruz, C.D. 2013. Genes – a software package for analysis in experimental statistic and quantitative genetics. Acta Scient. Agron. 35(3), 271-276. Doi: 10.4025/actasciagron. v35i3.21251 Guo, B., Y. Liang, and Y. Zhue. 2009. Does salicylic acid regulate antioxidant defense system, cell death, cadmium uptake and partitioning to acquire cadmium tolerance in rice? J. Plant Physiol. 166, 20-31. Doi: 10.1016/j. jplph.2008.01.002 Kerbauy, G.B. 2008. Fisiologia vegetal. 2nd ed. Guanabara Koogan, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Klessig, D.F., C.A. Vlot, and D.A. Dempsey. 2009. Ácido salicílico, um hormônio multifacetado para combater a doença. Annu. Rev. Fitopatol. 47, 177-206. Maguire, J.D. 1962. Speed of germination aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigor. Crop Sci. 2(1), 176-177. Doi: 10.2135/ cropsci1962.0011183X000200020033x Pacheco, A.C., C.C. Custódio, N.B. Machado Neto, P.R. Carvalho, D.N. Pereira, and J.G.E. Pacheco. 2007. Germinação de sementes de camomila (Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert) e calêndula (Calendula officinalis L.) tratadas com ácido salicílico. Rev. Bras. Plantas Medicinais 9(1), 61-67. Pereira, M.F.S., S.B. Torres, P.C.F. Linhares, A.C.C. Paiva, A.E.S. Paz, and A.H. Dantas. 2011. Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de coentro [Coriandrum sativum (L.)]. Rev. Bras. Plantas Medicinais 13, 518-522. Doi: 10.1590/S1516-05722011000500002 Raskin, I. 1992. Role of salicylic acid in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 43, 439-463. Doi: 10.1146/annurev.pp.43.060192.002255 Shi, Q. and Z. Zhu. 2008. Efeitos do ácido salicílico exógeno sobre a toxicidade do manganês, elemento contens e sistema antioxidado no pepino. Environ. Exp. Bot. 63, 317-326. Doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.11.003 Silveira, M.A.M., D.M. Moraes, and N.F. Lopes. 2000. Germinação e vigor de sementes de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) tratadas com ácido salicílico. Rev. Bras. Sementes 22(2), 145-52. Doi: 10.17801/0101-3122/rbs. v22n2p145-152 Tavares, L.C., C.A. Cassyo, A.P. Brunes, S. Oliveira, and F.A. Villela, 2014. Treatment of rice seeds with salicylic acid: seed physiological quality and yield. J. Seed Sci. 36(3), 352-356. Doi: 10.1590/2317-1545v36n3636 |
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Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas;Volumen 11, número 2 (Julio-Diciembre 2017) |
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Copyright (c) 2017 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia |
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Fontana, Daniele Cristina407d98049bfbf399ef761735ee382fe9-1Meira, Danielafbb2f602702531e81fea52ed79e029e0-1Zanatta, Thais Pollondecff193626f2ae591811068f6834ebe-1Werner, Carla Janaina3fbac487d5687f6a6bc609af53b8b493-1Brezolin, Patricia94b53798080ab1379151b44475b8a6c6-1Kulczynski, Stela Maris8fd0ccbeb332e75a5594c8804ba6531d-12019-10-04T15:18:06Z2019-10-04T15:18:06Z2018-06-06Fontana, D. C. y otros. (2017). Salicylic acid: effect on the physiological quality of Cichorium endivia L. seeds. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas, 11(2), 314-321. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2017v11i2.7353. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/28652422-3719http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/286510.17584/rcch.2017v11i2.73531 recurso en línea (páginas 314-321) : ilustraciones color.Salicylic acid (SA) is known to be involved in a series of physiological processes in the improvement of seed germination and vigor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of SA concentrations on the physiological quality of escarole (Cichorium endivia L.) seeds, Escarola Lisa® cultivar. Escarole seeds were soaked for 24 h at concentrations 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 mM of a similar to salicylic acid (Bion®) and afterwards submitted to germination and vigor tests (laboratory and greenhouse). The tested seed lots differed in their physiological quality. The use of salicylic acid does not present profits for the physiological quality of escarole seeds. However, it is suggested that new studies be carried out by testing this product under stress conditions or applied in stages after seed germination.El ácido salicílico (AS) es conocido por estar involucrado en una serie de procesos fisiológicos que mejoran las características de germinación y vigor. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de concentraciones de AS sobre la calidad fisiológica de semillas de escarola (Cichorium endivia L.) cv. Escarola Lisa. Las semillas de escarola fueron embebidas durante 24 horas en concentraciones 0; 0,05; 0,1; 0,15 y 0,2 mM de Bion® (análogo al ácido salicílico) y después sometidas a pruebas de germinación y vigor (laboratorio e invernadero). Los lotes de semillas evaluadas diferían en cuanto a su calidad fisiológica. El uso de ácido salicílico no presenta beneficios a la calidad fisiológica de semillas de escarola. Sin embargo, se sugiere que nuevos trabajos sean realizados probando este producto en condiciones de estrés o aplicado en estadios posteriores a la germinación de las semillas.Bibliografía: página 321.application/pdfengUniversidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de ColombiaCopyright (c) 2017 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombiahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/ciencias_horticolas/article/view/7353/pdfSalicylic acid: effect on the physiological quality of Cichorium endivia L. seedsAcido salicílico: efecto sobre la calidad fisiológica de semillas de Cichorium endivia L.Artículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTexthttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Brunes, A.P., L.W., Dias, I.D. Leitzke, A.S. Silva, and V.N. Soares, 2015. Tratamento de sementes de girassol com ácido salicílico. Encicl. Biosf. 11(21), 1847.Carvalho, P.R., N.B.M. Neto, and C.C. Custódio. 2007. Ácido salicílico em sementes de calêndula (Calendula officinalis L.) sob diferentes estresses. Rev. Bras. Sementes 29(1) 114-124. Doi: 10.1590/ S0101-31222007000100016Costa, M.F., D.M. Moraes, and R.C.P. Moraes. 2000. Ácido salicílico: efeito na qualidade de sementes de soja. Rev. Bras. Sementes 22(1), 264-270. Doi: 10.17801/0101- 3122/rbs.v22n1p264-270Cruz, C.D. 2013. Genes – a software package for analysis in experimental statistic and quantitative genetics. Acta Scient. Agron. 35(3), 271-276. Doi: 10.4025/actasciagron. v35i3.21251Guo, B., Y. Liang, and Y. Zhue. 2009. Does salicylic acid regulate antioxidant defense system, cell death, cadmium uptake and partitioning to acquire cadmium tolerance in rice? J. Plant Physiol. 166, 20-31. Doi: 10.1016/j. jplph.2008.01.002Kerbauy, G.B. 2008. Fisiologia vegetal. 2nd ed. Guanabara Koogan, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Klessig, D.F., C.A. Vlot, and D.A. Dempsey. 2009. Ácido salicílico, um hormônio multifacetado para combater a doença. Annu. Rev. Fitopatol. 47, 177-206.Maguire, J.D. 1962. Speed of germination aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigor. Crop Sci. 2(1), 176-177. Doi: 10.2135/ cropsci1962.0011183X000200020033xPacheco, A.C., C.C. Custódio, N.B. Machado Neto, P.R. Carvalho, D.N. Pereira, and J.G.E. Pacheco. 2007. Germinação de sementes de camomila (Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert) e calêndula (Calendula officinalis L.) tratadas com ácido salicílico. Rev. Bras. Plantas Medicinais 9(1), 61-67.Pereira, M.F.S., S.B. Torres, P.C.F. Linhares, A.C.C. Paiva, A.E.S. Paz, and A.H. Dantas. 2011. Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de coentro [Coriandrum sativum (L.)]. Rev. Bras. Plantas Medicinais 13, 518-522. Doi: 10.1590/S1516-05722011000500002Raskin, I. 1992. Role of salicylic acid in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 43, 439-463. Doi: 10.1146/annurev.pp.43.060192.002255Shi, Q. and Z. Zhu. 2008. Efeitos do ácido salicílico exógeno sobre a toxicidade do manganês, elemento contens e sistema antioxidado no pepino. Environ. Exp. Bot. 63, 317-326. Doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.11.003Silveira, M.A.M., D.M. Moraes, and N.F. Lopes. 2000. Germinação e vigor de sementes de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) tratadas com ácido salicílico. Rev. Bras. Sementes 22(2), 145-52. Doi: 10.17801/0101-3122/rbs. v22n2p145-152Tavares, L.C., C.A. Cassyo, A.P. Brunes, S. Oliveira, and F.A. Villela, 2014. Treatment of rice seeds with salicylic acid: seed physiological quality and yield. J. Seed Sci. 36(3), 352-356. Doi: 10.1590/2317-1545v36n3636Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas;Volumen 11, número 2 (Julio-Diciembre 2017)Escarola: Cichorium endivia L.Escarola - CultivoAgrosaviaGerminationVigorPlant growth regulatorEscaroleORIGINALPPS_1462_Salicylic_acid_efect.pdfPPS_1462_Salicylic_acid_efect.pdfArchivo principalapplication/pdf516336https://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/bitstreams/cbd04c92-8943-4c1c-ba43-5969bb020974/download92a9f5bc86df6ec5f391a0001bc6877fMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814798https://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/bitstreams/41c19af9-e22e-4337-a16a-aecdf3fdeb28/download88794144ff048353b359a3174871b0d5MD52TEXTPPS_1462.pdf.txtPPS_1462.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain24069https://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/bitstreams/4f76f621-f203-4a5e-9475-99b162a16353/download1ec99c5de6fd5ae36efaf4bb2816b5f3MD53PPS_1462_Salicylic acid_efect.pdf.txtPPS_1462_Salicylic acid_efect.pdf.txtExtracted 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