Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene on postharvest quality of Roxo-de-Valinhos fresh ripe figs
1 recurso en línea (páginas 75-81).
- Autores:
-
Tofanelli, Mauro Brasil Dias
Cuquel, Francine Lorena
Medeiros, José Gilberto Sousa
D’angelo, Jessica Welinski De Oliveira
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2018
- Institución:
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- RiUPTC: Repositorio Institucional UPTC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.uptc.edu.co:001/2892
- Acceso en línea:
- http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2892
- Palabra clave:
- Higos - Tecnología postcosecha
Higos - Control de la producción
Agrosavia
Ficus carica
1-MCP
Firmness
Soluble solids
Titratable acidity
Weight loss
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Copyright (c) 2018 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
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Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene on postharvest quality of Roxo-de-Valinhos fresh ripe figs |
| dc.title.alternative.spa.fl_str_mv |
Efecto del 1-metilciclopropeno en la calidad poscosecha de frutos de higos maduros de la var. Roxo-de-Valinhos |
| title |
Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene on postharvest quality of Roxo-de-Valinhos fresh ripe figs |
| spellingShingle |
Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene on postharvest quality of Roxo-de-Valinhos fresh ripe figs Higos - Tecnología postcosecha Higos - Control de la producción Agrosavia Ficus carica 1-MCP Firmness Soluble solids Titratable acidity Weight loss |
| title_short |
Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene on postharvest quality of Roxo-de-Valinhos fresh ripe figs |
| title_full |
Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene on postharvest quality of Roxo-de-Valinhos fresh ripe figs |
| title_fullStr |
Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene on postharvest quality of Roxo-de-Valinhos fresh ripe figs |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene on postharvest quality of Roxo-de-Valinhos fresh ripe figs |
| title_sort |
Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene on postharvest quality of Roxo-de-Valinhos fresh ripe figs |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Tofanelli, Mauro Brasil Dias Cuquel, Francine Lorena Medeiros, José Gilberto Sousa D’angelo, Jessica Welinski De Oliveira |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Tofanelli, Mauro Brasil Dias Cuquel, Francine Lorena Medeiros, José Gilberto Sousa D’angelo, Jessica Welinski De Oliveira |
| dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv |
Higos - Tecnología postcosecha Higos - Control de la producción |
| topic |
Higos - Tecnología postcosecha Higos - Control de la producción Agrosavia Ficus carica 1-MCP Firmness Soluble solids Titratable acidity Weight loss |
| dc.subject.armarc.spa.fl_str_mv |
Agrosavia |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ficus carica 1-MCP Firmness Soluble solids Titratable acidity Weight loss |
| description |
1 recurso en línea (páginas 75-81). |
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2018 |
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2018-05-02 |
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2019-10-09T16:21:46Z |
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2019-10-09T16:21:46Z |
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Artículo de revista |
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Tofanelli, M. B. D. y otros. (2018). Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene on postharvest quality of Roxo-de-Valinhos fresh ripe figs. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas, 12(1), 75-81. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2018v12i1.7209. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2892 |
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2422-3719 |
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http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2892 |
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10.17584/rcch.2018v12i1.7209 |
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Tofanelli, M. B. D. y otros. (2018). Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene on postharvest quality of Roxo-de-Valinhos fresh ripe figs. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas, 12(1), 75-81. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2018v12i1.7209. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2892 2422-3719 10.17584/rcch.2018v12i1.7209 |
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http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2892 |
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eng |
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Álvarez-Herrera, J.G., Y.A. Deaquiz, and A.O. Herrera. 2016. Effect of different 1-methylcyclopropene doses on the postharvest period of pitahaya fruits (Selenicereus megalanthus Haw.). Rev. Fac. Nac. Agron. Medellín 69(2), 7975-7983. Doi: 10.15446/rfna.v69n2.59142 Blum, J. and R.A. Ayub. 2009. Amadurecimento do caqui Quioto tratado com 1-Metilciclopropeno e armazenado à temperatura de 20±4°C. Ceres 56(2), 119-123. Brackmann, A. and A.A. Saquet. 1995. Efeito da temperatura e condições de atmosfera controlada sobre a conservação de caqui (Diospyrus kaki, L.). Ciênc. Rural 25(3), 375-378. Doi: 10.1590/S0103-84781995000300007 Brunini, M.A. and S.S. Cardoso. 2011. Qualidade de pitaias de polpa branca armazenadas em diferentes temperaturas. Rev. Caatinga 24(30), 78-84. Campos, A.D. 1994. Aspectos pós-colheita do figo. Informe Agropecuário 17, 19-21. Candan, A.P., J.Graell, and C. Larrigaudière. 2011. Postharvest quality and chilling injury of plums: benefits of 1-methylcyclopropene. Span. J. Agric. Res. 9(2), 554- 564. Doi: 10.5424/sjar/20110902-259-10 D’Aquino, S., A. Palma, A. Dore, and M. Agabbio. 2003. Non conventional treatments to reduce figs decay. Acta Hortic. 604, 817-821. Doi: 10.17660/ ActaHortic.2003.604.105 Deaquiz, Y.A., J. Álvarez-Herrera, and G. Fischer. 2014. Ethylene and 1-MCP affects the postharvest behavior of yellow pitahaya fruits (Selenicereus megalanthus Haw.). Agron. Colomb. 32(1), 44-51. Doi: 10.15446/ agron.colomb.v32n1.41950 Ferreira, D.F. 2010. Sisvar. Sistema de análise de variância. Versão 5.3. UFLA, Lavras-MG, Brazil. Freiman, Z.E., V. Rodov, Z. Yablovitz, B. Horev, and M.A. Flaishman. 2012. Preharvest application of 1-methylcyclopropene inhibits ripening and improves keeping quality of ‘Brown Turkey’ figs (Ficus carica L.). Sci. Hortic. 138, 266-272. Doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.01.007 Gözlekçi, S., M. Erkan, I. Karaşahin, and G. Şahin. 2008. Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on fig (Ficus carica ‘Bardakci’) storage. Acta Hortic. 798, 325-330. Doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.798.47 Instituto Adolfo Lutz. 2008. Métodos físicos e químicos para análise de alimentos. Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo-SP, Brazil. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Sistema. IBGE. 2016. Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática - Sidra. In: http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br; consulted: July, 2016. Irfan, P.K., V. Vanjakshi, M.K. Prakash, R. Ravi, and V.B. Kudachikar. 2013. Calcium chloride extends the keeping quality of fig fruit (Ficus carica L.) during storage and shelf-life. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 82, 70-75. Doi: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.02.008 Jeronimo, E.M., M.A. Brunini, M.C. de Arruda, J.C.S. Cruz, I.H. Fischer, and G.J. de C. Gava. 2007. Conservação pós-colheita de mangas ‘Tommy Atkins’ armazenadas sob atmosfera modificada. Semin. Ciênc. Agrár. 28(3), 417-426. Doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2007v28n3p417 Leonel, S. and M.A. Tecchio. 2008. Produção da figueira submetida a diferentes épocas de poda e irrigação. Rev. Bras. Frutic. 30(4), 1015-1021. Doi: 10.1590/ S0100-29452008000400029 Oliveira, F.E. da R., C.M.P. de Abreu, S.A. Asmar, A.D. Corrêa, and C.D. dos. Santos. 2005. Firmeza de pêssegos ‘diamante’ tratados com 1-MCP. Rev. Bras. Frutic. 27(3), 366-368. Doi: 10.1590/S0100-29452005000300007 Ozkaya, O., S. Çömlekçioglu, and H. Demircioglu. 2014. Assessment of the potential of 1-methylcyclopropene treatments to maintain fruit quality of the common fig. Not. Bot. Horti. Agrobo. 42(2), 516. Doi:10.1583/ nbha4229647 Paula, L.A. de, J. dos S. Isepon, and L. de S. Corrêa. 2007. Qualidade pós-colheita de figos do cv Roxo-de-Valinhos com aplicação de cloreto de cálcio e fungicidas. Acta Sci. Agron. 29(1), 41-46. Doi: 10.4025/actasciagron. v29i1.64 Ribeiro, T.P., M.A.C. de Lima, and R.E. Alves. 2012. Maturação e qualidade de uvas para suco em condições tropicais, nos primeiros ciclos de produção. Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras. 47(8), 1057-1065. Doi: 10.1590/S0100-204X2012000800005 Sharma, S.P. and P. Singh. 2013. Extending the post-harvest life of unrefrigerated fig (Ficus carica L.) fruits by modified packaging system in India. Progress. Res. 8, 89-94. Sisler, E.C., M. Serek, and E. Dupille. 1996. Comparison of cyclopropene, 1-methylcyclopropene, and 3,3-dimethylcyclopropene as ethylene antagonists in plants. Plant Growth Regul. 18, 169-174. Doi: 10.1007/ BF00024378 Sozzi, G.O., M. A. Abraján-Villaseñor, G.D. Trinchero, and A.A. Fraschina. 2005. Postharvest response of ‘Brown Turkey’ figs (Ficus carica L.) to the inhibition of ethylene perception. J. Sci. Food Agric. 85, 2503-2508. Doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2296 Terra, F.D.A.M., F. K. Edagi, F.F.C.Sasaki, M.E. Frassetto Filho, M. M. da Silva, B. Giro, N.D. Berno, and R.A. Kluge. 2014. Aplicação do 1-metilciclopropeno e sua influência no processo de remoção da adstringência com etanol em caqui ‘Giombo’ refrigerado. Ciênc. Rural 44(2), 210-216. Doi: 10.1590/S0103-84782014000200003 Watkins, C.B. 2008. Overview of 1-methylcyclopropene trials and uses for edible horticultural crops. Hort- Science 43(1), 86-94. Zhang, J., D. Cheng, B. Wang; I. Khan, and Y. Ni. 2017. Ethylene control technologies in extending postharvest shelf life of climacteric fruit. J. Agric. Food Chem. 65(34), 7308-7319. Doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02616 |
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Copyright (c) 2018 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia |
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Tofanelli, Mauro Brasil DiasCuquel, Francine LorenaMedeiros, José Gilberto SousaD’angelo, Jessica Welinski De Oliveira2019-10-09T16:21:46Z2019-10-09T16:21:46Z2018-05-02Tofanelli, M. B. D. y otros. (2018). Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene on postharvest quality of Roxo-de-Valinhos fresh ripe figs. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas, 12(1), 75-81. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2018v12i1.7209. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/28922422-3719http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/289210.17584/rcch.2018v12i1.72091 recurso en línea (páginas 75-81).The fig is one of the most perishable fruits during the postharvest phase, which has prompted studies to evaluate the effects of substances applied on figs after harvest in order to extend their postharvest life. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the postharvest quality of Roxo de Valinhos figs. The research was conducted by applying 4 concentrations of 1-MCP (0 - control, 5, 10, and 20 μg L-1) on figs, after which the fruits were evaluated at five different storage times (0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 days). The results showed that 20 μg L-1 of 1-MCP provided the best fruit firmness at day 12 after harvest. The 1-MCP treatments did not improve the total amount of total soluble solids (TSS), but we observed higher amount of total solids from 12 to 16 days of storage. Higher acidity was observed in the figs without a 1-MCP treatment at 8 days of storage and with 20 μg L-1 of 1-MCP after 12 days of storage. 1-MCP did not affect fruit weight loss. The figs treated with 1-MCP showed promising and rising values of firmness, acidity, and TSS at the highest dose. The TSS concentration tended to increase at the higher doses. As a result, it could be interesting to assay this substance with applications with higher concentrations than those used in the present study.El higo es una de las frutas más perecederas en la poscosecha, lo cual ha promovido estudios para evaluar el efecto a aplicación de sustancias en el fruto después de la cosecha con el fin de conservar su calidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes concentraciones 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) en la calidad de poscosecha del higo variedad Roxo-de-Valinhos. El experimento fue realizado con aplicaciones de cuatro concentraciones de 1-MCP (0 - testigo, 5, 10 y 20 μg L-1) en los frutos que fueran evaluados en cinco diferentes períodos de almacenamiento (0, 4, 8, 12 y 16 días). El tratamiento con 1-MCP no aumentó el contenido de sólidos solubles totales (SST), sin embargo se observó un considerable incremento en el período de 12 y 16 días de almacenamiento. La acidez elevada fue obtenida en los frutos no tratados con 1-MCP a los 8 días de almacenamiento y en los tratados con 20 μg L-1 de 1-MCP a los 12 días de almacenamiento. El 1-MCP no influenció en la pérdida de peso de los frutos. Los higos tratados con las dosis de 1-MCP mostraron valores prometedores y crecientes de firmeza, acidez y SST. Las concentraciones de SST tendieron a aumentar a una dosis más alta, por lo que puede ser interesante probar esta sustancia aplicada en las concentraciones más altas que las utilizadas en este trabajo.Bibliografía y webgrafía: páginas 80-81application/pdfengUniversidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de ColombiaCopyright (c) 2018 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombiahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/ciencias_horticolas/article/view/7209/pdfEffects of 1-methylcyclopropene on postharvest quality of Roxo-de-Valinhos fresh ripe figsEfecto del 1-metilciclopropeno en la calidad poscosecha de frutos de higos maduros de la var. Roxo-de-ValinhosArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTexthttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Álvarez-Herrera, J.G., Y.A. Deaquiz, and A.O. Herrera. 2016. Effect of different 1-methylcyclopropene doses on the postharvest period of pitahaya fruits (Selenicereus megalanthus Haw.). Rev. Fac. Nac. Agron. Medellín 69(2), 7975-7983. Doi: 10.15446/rfna.v69n2.59142Blum, J. and R.A. Ayub. 2009. Amadurecimento do caqui Quioto tratado com 1-Metilciclopropeno e armazenado à temperatura de 20±4°C. Ceres 56(2), 119-123.Brackmann, A. and A.A. Saquet. 1995. Efeito da temperatura e condições de atmosfera controlada sobre a conservação de caqui (Diospyrus kaki, L.). Ciênc. Rural 25(3), 375-378. Doi: 10.1590/S0103-84781995000300007Brunini, M.A. and S.S. Cardoso. 2011. Qualidade de pitaias de polpa branca armazenadas em diferentes temperaturas. Rev. Caatinga 24(30), 78-84.Campos, A.D. 1994. Aspectos pós-colheita do figo. Informe Agropecuário 17, 19-21.Candan, A.P., J.Graell, and C. Larrigaudière. 2011. Postharvest quality and chilling injury of plums: benefits of 1-methylcyclopropene. Span. J. Agric. Res. 9(2), 554- 564. Doi: 10.5424/sjar/20110902-259-10D’Aquino, S., A. Palma, A. Dore, and M. Agabbio. 2003. Non conventional treatments to reduce figs decay. Acta Hortic. 604, 817-821. Doi: 10.17660/ ActaHortic.2003.604.105Deaquiz, Y.A., J. Álvarez-Herrera, and G. Fischer. 2014. Ethylene and 1-MCP affects the postharvest behavior of yellow pitahaya fruits (Selenicereus megalanthus Haw.). Agron. Colomb. 32(1), 44-51. Doi: 10.15446/ agron.colomb.v32n1.41950Ferreira, D.F. 2010. Sisvar. Sistema de análise de variância. Versão 5.3. UFLA, Lavras-MG, Brazil.Freiman, Z.E., V. Rodov, Z. Yablovitz, B. Horev, and M.A. Flaishman. 2012. Preharvest application of 1-methylcyclopropene inhibits ripening and improves keeping quality of ‘Brown Turkey’ figs (Ficus carica L.). Sci. Hortic. 138, 266-272. Doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.01.007Gözlekçi, S., M. Erkan, I. Karaşahin, and G. Şahin. 2008. Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on fig (Ficus carica ‘Bardakci’) storage. Acta Hortic. 798, 325-330. Doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.798.47Instituto Adolfo Lutz. 2008. Métodos físicos e químicos para análise de alimentos. Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Sistema. IBGE. 2016. Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática - Sidra. In: http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br; consulted: July, 2016.Irfan, P.K., V. Vanjakshi, M.K. Prakash, R. Ravi, and V.B. Kudachikar. 2013. Calcium chloride extends the keeping quality of fig fruit (Ficus carica L.) during storage and shelf-life. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 82, 70-75. Doi: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.02.008Jeronimo, E.M., M.A. Brunini, M.C. de Arruda, J.C.S. Cruz, I.H. Fischer, and G.J. de C. Gava. 2007. Conservação pós-colheita de mangas ‘Tommy Atkins’ armazenadas sob atmosfera modificada. Semin. Ciênc. Agrár. 28(3), 417-426. Doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2007v28n3p417Leonel, S. and M.A. Tecchio. 2008. Produção da figueira submetida a diferentes épocas de poda e irrigação. Rev. Bras. Frutic. 30(4), 1015-1021. Doi: 10.1590/ S0100-29452008000400029Oliveira, F.E. da R., C.M.P. de Abreu, S.A. Asmar, A.D. Corrêa, and C.D. dos. Santos. 2005. Firmeza de pêssegos ‘diamante’ tratados com 1-MCP. Rev. Bras. Frutic. 27(3), 366-368. Doi: 10.1590/S0100-29452005000300007Ozkaya, O., S. Çömlekçioglu, and H. Demircioglu. 2014. Assessment of the potential of 1-methylcyclopropene treatments to maintain fruit quality of the common fig. Not. Bot. Horti. Agrobo. 42(2), 516. Doi:10.1583/ nbha4229647Paula, L.A. de, J. dos S. Isepon, and L. de S. Corrêa. 2007. Qualidade pós-colheita de figos do cv Roxo-de-Valinhos com aplicação de cloreto de cálcio e fungicidas. Acta Sci. Agron. 29(1), 41-46. Doi: 10.4025/actasciagron. v29i1.64Ribeiro, T.P., M.A.C. de Lima, and R.E. Alves. 2012. Maturação e qualidade de uvas para suco em condições tropicais, nos primeiros ciclos de produção. Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras. 47(8), 1057-1065. Doi: 10.1590/S0100-204X2012000800005Sharma, S.P. and P. Singh. 2013. Extending the post-harvest life of unrefrigerated fig (Ficus carica L.) fruits by modified packaging system in India. Progress. Res. 8, 89-94.Sisler, E.C., M. Serek, and E. Dupille. 1996. Comparison of cyclopropene, 1-methylcyclopropene, and 3,3-dimethylcyclopropene as ethylene antagonists in plants. Plant Growth Regul. 18, 169-174. Doi: 10.1007/ BF00024378Sozzi, G.O., M. A. Abraján-Villaseñor, G.D. Trinchero, and A.A. Fraschina. 2005. Postharvest response of ‘Brown Turkey’ figs (Ficus carica L.) to the inhibition of ethylene perception. J. Sci. Food Agric. 85, 2503-2508. Doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2296Terra, F.D.A.M., F. K. Edagi, F.F.C.Sasaki, M.E. Frassetto Filho, M. M. da Silva, B. Giro, N.D. Berno, and R.A. Kluge. 2014. Aplicação do 1-metilciclopropeno e sua influência no processo de remoção da adstringência com etanol em caqui ‘Giombo’ refrigerado. Ciênc. Rural 44(2), 210-216. Doi: 10.1590/S0103-84782014000200003Watkins, C.B. 2008. Overview of 1-methylcyclopropene trials and uses for edible horticultural crops. Hort- Science 43(1), 86-94.Zhang, J., D. Cheng, B. Wang; I. Khan, and Y. Ni. 2017. Ethylene control technologies in extending postharvest shelf life of climacteric fruit. J. Agric. Food Chem. 65(34), 7308-7319. 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