Allelopathic effects of jack bean leaf aqueous extract on safflower cultures
1 recurso en línea (páginas 435-440) : ilustraciones color.
- Autores:
-
Seabra Junior, Edward
Dal Pozzo, Daniel Marcos
Feiden, Armin
Ferreira Santos, Reinaldo
Kazue Tokura, Luciene
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2019
- Institución:
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- RiUPTC: Repositorio Institucional UPTC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.uptc.edu.co:001/2853
- Acceso en línea:
- http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2853
- Palabra clave:
- Agrosavia
Canavalia ensiformis
Carthamus tinctorius
Sowing
Germination
Growth
Development
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Copyright (c) 2017 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
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Allelopathic effects of jack bean leaf aqueous extract on safflower cultures |
| dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Efectos alelopáticos del extracto acuoso de hojas de frijol canavalia sobre el cultivo de cártamo |
| title |
Allelopathic effects of jack bean leaf aqueous extract on safflower cultures |
| spellingShingle |
Allelopathic effects of jack bean leaf aqueous extract on safflower cultures Agrosavia Canavalia ensiformis Carthamus tinctorius Sowing Germination Growth Development |
| title_short |
Allelopathic effects of jack bean leaf aqueous extract on safflower cultures |
| title_full |
Allelopathic effects of jack bean leaf aqueous extract on safflower cultures |
| title_fullStr |
Allelopathic effects of jack bean leaf aqueous extract on safflower cultures |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Allelopathic effects of jack bean leaf aqueous extract on safflower cultures |
| title_sort |
Allelopathic effects of jack bean leaf aqueous extract on safflower cultures |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Seabra Junior, Edward Dal Pozzo, Daniel Marcos Feiden, Armin Ferreira Santos, Reinaldo Kazue Tokura, Luciene |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Seabra Junior, Edward Dal Pozzo, Daniel Marcos Feiden, Armin Ferreira Santos, Reinaldo Kazue Tokura, Luciene |
| dc.subject.armarc.spa.fl_str_mv |
Agrosavia |
| topic |
Agrosavia Canavalia ensiformis Carthamus tinctorius Sowing Germination Growth Development |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Canavalia ensiformis Carthamus tinctorius Sowing Germination Growth Development |
| description |
1 recurso en línea (páginas 435-440) : ilustraciones color. |
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2019 |
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201-06-06 |
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2019-09-27T15:20:40Z |
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2019-09-27T15:20:40Z |
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Artículo de revista |
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Seabra Junior, E. y otros. (2017). Allelopathic effects of jack bean leaf aqueous extract on safflower cultures. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas, 11(2), 435-440. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2017v11i2.7337. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2853 |
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Seabra Junior, E. y otros. (2017). Allelopathic effects of jack bean leaf aqueous extract on safflower cultures. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas, 11(2), 435-440. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2017v11i2.7337. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2853 2422-3719 10.17584/rcch.2017v11i2.7337 |
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Anaya, A.L. 1999. Allelopathy as a tool in the management of biotic resource in agroecosystems. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 18(6), 697-738. Doi: 10.1080/07352689991309450 Beiguelman, B. 2002. Curso prático de bioestatística. 5ª ed. FUNPEC Editora, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Corrêa, M.P. 1974. Dicionário das plantas úteis do Brasil e exóticas cultivadas. Ministério da Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Costa, J.C.G. and M.J.O. Zimmermann. 1998. Melhoramento genético. pp. 229-245. In: Zimmermann, M. J.O., M. Rocha, and T.E.U. Yamada (eds.). A cultura do feijoeiro: fatores que afetam a produtividade. Potafós, Piracicaba, Brazil. Dudai, N., A. Poljakoff-Mayber, A.M. Mayer, E. Putievsky, and H.R. Lerner. 1999. Essencial oils as allelochemicals and their potential use as bioherbicides. J. Chem. Ecol. 25(5) 1079-1089. Doi. 10.1023/A:1020881825669 Freitas, M.C. 2004. Efeito alelopático de leguminosas como adubos verdes sobre a germinação e emergência de plantas daninhas. Trabalho de conclusão de curso. Unicastelo, Fernandópolis, Brazil. Gerhardt, I.F.S. 2012. Devergência genética entre acessos de cártamo. Botucatu 1, 1-35. Harper, J.R. and N.E. Balke. 1981. Characterization of the inhibition of k+ absorption in oat roots by salicylic acid. Plant Physiol. 8(6), 1349-1353. Doi: 10.1104/ pp.68.6.1349 Kato-Noguchi, H., S. Kosemura, S. Yamamura, J. Mizutani, and K. Hasegawa. 1994. Allelopathy of oats. I. Assessment of allelopathic potential of extract of oat shoots and identification of an allelochemical. J. Chem. Ecol. 20(2), 309-314. Doi: 10.1007/BF02064439 Khalid, N. and R.S. Khan. 2017. A comprehensive characterization of safflower oil for its potential applications. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 66, 176-186. Doi: 10.1016/j. tifs.2017.06.009 King, S.R. and R. Ambika. 2002. Allelopathic plants. 5. Chromolaen odorata (L.). Allelopathy. J. 9(1), 35-41. Luckner, M. 1990. Secondary metabolism in microorganisms, plants, and animals. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, Germany. Doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-09838-7 Magalhães, A.C. and C.M. Franco. 1962. Toxicidade do feijão- de-porco sobre tiririca. Bragantia 21, 53-57. Doi: 10.1590/S0006-87051962000100064 Maguire, J.D. 1962. Speeds of germination-aid selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigor. Crop Sci. 2, 176-177. Doi: 10.2135/ cropsci1962.0011183X000200020033x Mendonça, R. 2008. Lourenço de determinação de aleloquímicos por HPLC/UV-Vis em extratos aquosos de sementes de Canavalia ensiformes e estudo da atividade alelopática. M.Sc thesis. Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil Molisch, H. 1937. Der Einfluss einer Pflanze auf die andere Allelopathie. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, Germany Nery, M.C., M.L.M. Carvalho, F.C. Nery, and R.M.O. Pires. 2013. Potencial alelopático de Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiferus. Abrates 23(1), 15-19. Putnam, A.R. and C. Tang. 1986. The science of allelopathy. Wiley, New York, USA Rice, E.L. 1984. Allelopathy. 2th ed. Academic Press, New York, USA. Rodrigues, J.E.L.F., R.N.B. Alves, O.M.N. Lopes, R.N.G. Teixeira, and E.S. Rosa. 2004. A Importância do feijão- de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis DC) como cultura intercalar em rotação com milho e feijão caupi em cultivo de coqueirais no município de Ponta-de-Pedras/ Marajó-PA. Technical statement No. 96. Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Brasília, Brazil. Santos, S., M.L.L. Moraes, A.P.S. Souza Filho, and M.O.O. Rezende. 2005. Allelopathic potential and systematic evaluation of organic extracts from Canavalia ensiformis leaves (Jack beans). J. Environ. Sci. Health B 40(1), 77-84. Doi: 10.1081/PFC-200034234 Santos, R.F. and M.A. Silva. 2015. Carthamus tinctorius L.: Uma alternativa de cultivo para o Brasil. Acta Iguazú 4(1), 26-35. Souza Filho, A.P.S. and S.M. Alves. 1998. Alelopatia em ecossistemas de pastagens cultivadas. Documents No. 109. Embrapa-Cpatu, Belém, Brazil. Smith, A.E. 1989. The potential allelopathic characteristics of bitter sneezeweed (Helenium amarum). Weed Sci. 37(5) 665-669. Stefanello, R., L.A.S. Neves, M.A.B. Abbad, and B.B. Vianna. 2016. Potencial alelopático de extratos de chia na germinação e no vigor de sementes de rabanete. Rev. Cultiv. Saber 9(1), 11-23. Tur, C.M., J. Borella, and L.H. Pastorini. 2010. Alelopatia de extratos aquosos de Duranta Repens sobre a germinação e o crescimento inicial de Lactuca sativa e Lycopersicum esculentum. Biotemas 23(2), 13-22. |
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Seabra Junior, EdwardDal Pozzo, Daniel MarcosFeiden, ArminFerreira Santos, ReinaldoKazue Tokura, Luciene2019-09-27T15:20:40Z2019-09-27T15:20:40Z201-06-06Seabra Junior, E. y otros. (2017). Allelopathic effects of jack bean leaf aqueous extract on safflower cultures. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas, 11(2), 435-440. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2017v11i2.7337. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/28532422-3719http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/285310.17584/rcch.2017v11i2.73371 recurso en línea (páginas 435-440) : ilustraciones color.This study verified the allelopathic influence of jack bean leaves (Canavalia ensiformis) on safflower cultures (Carthamus tinctorius), applied at different concentrations. Ten safflower genotypes were seeded in 20 containers, and a concentrate was prepared with jack bean leaves, crushed with water to make the extract. Five treatments were performed with four replicates, and this extract was applied at concentrations of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The parameters were germination speed, percentage of germination, dry and fresh mass, leaf and root size. The jack beans influenced each evaluated treatment differently, presenting, at some times, neutral characteristics, inhibitory characteristics, or stimulating characteristics, varying according to the percentage of extract that was applied.Este estudio verificó la influencia alelopática del extracto de hojas del frijol canavalia (Canavalia ensiformis), sobre el cultivo de cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius) aplicado en diferentes concentraciones. Diez genotipos de cártamo fueron sembrados en 20 contenedores y la preparación del extracto acuoso fue a partir de la maceración de hojas de frijol canavalia con agua. Se aplicaron cinco tratamientos (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%) del extracto de hoja con cuatro repeticiones. Se evaluaron los parámetros velocidad de germinación, porcentaje de germinación, masa seca y fresca, tamaño de hojas y raíces. Se encontró que el extracto acuoso de frijol canavalia influye de diferentes formas en los parámetros evaluados, presentando en algunos momentos características neutras, inhibitorias y estimulantes, variando de acuerdo al porcentaje del extracto aplicado.Bibliografía: página 440application/pdfengUniversidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de ColombiaCopyright (c) 2017 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombiahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://revistas.uptc.edu.co/index.php/ciencias_horticolas/article/view/7337/pdfAllelopathic effects of jack bean leaf aqueous extract on safflower culturesEfectos alelopáticos del extracto acuoso de hojas de frijol canavalia sobre el cultivo de cártamoArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTexthttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Anaya, A.L. 1999. Allelopathy as a tool in the management of biotic resource in agroecosystems. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 18(6), 697-738. Doi: 10.1080/07352689991309450Beiguelman, B. 2002. Curso prático de bioestatística. 5ª ed. FUNPEC Editora, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.Corrêa, M.P. 1974. Dicionário das plantas úteis do Brasil e exóticas cultivadas. Ministério da Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Costa, J.C.G. and M.J.O. Zimmermann. 1998. Melhoramento genético. pp. 229-245. In: Zimmermann, M. J.O., M. Rocha, and T.E.U. Yamada (eds.). A cultura do feijoeiro: fatores que afetam a produtividade. Potafós, Piracicaba, Brazil.Dudai, N., A. Poljakoff-Mayber, A.M. Mayer, E. Putievsky, and H.R. Lerner. 1999. Essencial oils as allelochemicals and their potential use as bioherbicides. J. Chem. Ecol. 25(5) 1079-1089. Doi. 10.1023/A:1020881825669Freitas, M.C. 2004. Efeito alelopático de leguminosas como adubos verdes sobre a germinação e emergência de plantas daninhas. Trabalho de conclusão de curso. Unicastelo, Fernandópolis, Brazil.Gerhardt, I.F.S. 2012. Devergência genética entre acessos de cártamo. Botucatu 1, 1-35.Harper, J.R. and N.E. Balke. 1981. Characterization of the inhibition of k+ absorption in oat roots by salicylic acid. Plant Physiol. 8(6), 1349-1353. Doi: 10.1104/ pp.68.6.1349Kato-Noguchi, H., S. Kosemura, S. Yamamura, J. Mizutani, and K. Hasegawa. 1994. Allelopathy of oats. I. Assessment of allelopathic potential of extract of oat shoots and identification of an allelochemical. J. Chem. Ecol. 20(2), 309-314. Doi: 10.1007/BF02064439Khalid, N. and R.S. Khan. 2017. A comprehensive characterization of safflower oil for its potential applications. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 66, 176-186. Doi: 10.1016/j. tifs.2017.06.009King, S.R. and R. Ambika. 2002. Allelopathic plants. 5. Chromolaen odorata (L.). Allelopathy. J. 9(1), 35-41.Luckner, M. 1990. Secondary metabolism in microorganisms, plants, and animals. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, Germany. Doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-09838-7Magalhães, A.C. and C.M. Franco. 1962. Toxicidade do feijão- de-porco sobre tiririca. Bragantia 21, 53-57. Doi: 10.1590/S0006-87051962000100064Maguire, J.D. 1962. Speeds of germination-aid selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigor. Crop Sci. 2, 176-177. Doi: 10.2135/ cropsci1962.0011183X000200020033xMendonça, R. 2008. Lourenço de determinação de aleloquímicos por HPLC/UV-Vis em extratos aquosos de sementes de Canavalia ensiformes e estudo da atividade alelopática. M.Sc thesis. Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, BrazilMolisch, H. 1937. Der Einfluss einer Pflanze auf die andere Allelopathie. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, GermanyNery, M.C., M.L.M. Carvalho, F.C. Nery, and R.M.O. Pires. 2013. Potencial alelopático de Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiferus. Abrates 23(1), 15-19.Putnam, A.R. and C. Tang. 1986. The science of allelopathy. Wiley, New York, USARice, E.L. 1984. Allelopathy. 2th ed. Academic Press, New York, USA.Rodrigues, J.E.L.F., R.N.B. Alves, O.M.N. Lopes, R.N.G. Teixeira, and E.S. Rosa. 2004. A Importância do feijão- de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis DC) como cultura intercalar em rotação com milho e feijão caupi em cultivo de coqueirais no município de Ponta-de-Pedras/ Marajó-PA. Technical statement No. 96. Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Brasília, Brazil.Santos, S., M.L.L. Moraes, A.P.S. Souza Filho, and M.O.O. Rezende. 2005. Allelopathic potential and systematic evaluation of organic extracts from Canavalia ensiformis leaves (Jack beans). J. Environ. Sci. Health B 40(1), 77-84. Doi: 10.1081/PFC-200034234Santos, R.F. and M.A. Silva. 2015. Carthamus tinctorius L.: Uma alternativa de cultivo para o Brasil. Acta Iguazú 4(1), 26-35.Souza Filho, A.P.S. and S.M. Alves. 1998. Alelopatia em ecossistemas de pastagens cultivadas. Documents No. 109. Embrapa-Cpatu, Belém, Brazil.Smith, A.E. 1989. The potential allelopathic characteristics of bitter sneezeweed (Helenium amarum). Weed Sci. 37(5) 665-669.Stefanello, R., L.A.S. Neves, M.A.B. Abbad, and B.B. Vianna. 2016. Potencial alelopático de extratos de chia na germinação e no vigor de sementes de rabanete. Rev. Cultiv. Saber 9(1), 11-23.Tur, C.M., J. Borella, and L.H. Pastorini. 2010. Alelopatia de extratos aquosos de Duranta Repens sobre a germinação e o crescimento inicial de Lactuca sativa e Lycopersicum esculentum. Biotemas 23(2), 13-22.Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas;Volumen 11, número 2 (Julio-Diciembre 2017)AgrosaviaCanavalia ensiformisCarthamus tinctoriusSowingGerminationGrowthDevelopmentORIGINALPPS_1475_Allelopathic_effects_fack_bean.pdfPPS_1475_Allelopathic_effects_fack_bean.pdfArchivo principalapplication/pdf206053https://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/bitstreams/89e7a2de-1b89-416d-a38f-584ccc2f36b6/download810001256f1227d9d734ea59472f5f1dMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814798https://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/bitstreams/72182f24-ee7e-437e-8d4a-873e97fe1af3/download88794144ff048353b359a3174871b0d5MD52TEXTPPS_1475.pdf.txtPPS_1475.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain22855https://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/bitstreams/47562577-508a-4373-ac99-593243b143c8/download2a2ea85208ba938e3c9ca6e9f6c6d12fMD53PPS_1475_Allelopathic_effects_fack_bean.pdf.txtPPS_1475_Allelopathic_effects_fack_bean.pdf.txtExtracted 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