International Expansion of SMEs: The Inducascos Case

While small and medium enterprises contribute to gross domestic product, generate crucial employment, and improve socio-economic development, unfortunately the literature on the internationalization processes of these companies remains timid and inconsistent. The following study seeks to analyze the...

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Fecha de publicación:
2018
Institución:
Universidad de Medellín
Repositorio:
Repositorio UDEM
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.udem.edu.co:11407/4872
Acceso en línea:
http://hdl.handle.net/11407/4872
Palabra clave:
Colombia
international expansion
internationalization
internationalization process
SME
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http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec
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oai_identifier_str oai:repository.udem.edu.co:11407/4872
network_acronym_str REPOUDEM2
network_name_str Repositorio UDEM
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv International Expansion of SMEs: The Inducascos Case
title International Expansion of SMEs: The Inducascos Case
spellingShingle International Expansion of SMEs: The Inducascos Case
Colombia
international expansion
internationalization
internationalization process
SME
title_short International Expansion of SMEs: The Inducascos Case
title_full International Expansion of SMEs: The Inducascos Case
title_fullStr International Expansion of SMEs: The Inducascos Case
title_full_unstemmed International Expansion of SMEs: The Inducascos Case
title_sort International Expansion of SMEs: The Inducascos Case
dc.contributor.affiliation.spa.fl_str_mv Lucas Macías-Franco, J., Universidad de Medellín;Laverde, A.M.P., Universidad de Medellín
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Colombia
international expansion
internationalization
internationalization process
SME
topic Colombia
international expansion
internationalization
internationalization process
SME
description While small and medium enterprises contribute to gross domestic product, generate crucial employment, and improve socio-economic development, unfortunately the literature on the internationalization processes of these companies remains timid and inconsistent. The following study seeks to analyze the international expansion of the Colombian company Inducascos. The research follows the structure of a case study including literature analysis and secondary data of the Colombian industrial market and Inducascos. Challenges, opportunities and learning process of the organization related to its international expansion and set out, seeking to contribute to the existing studies in international business. © 2018, © 2018 Taylor & Francis.
publishDate 2018
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2018-10-31T13:44:20Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2018-10-31T13:44:20Z
dc.date.created.none.fl_str_mv 2018
dc.type.eng.fl_str_mv Article
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dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv 10978526
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11407/4872
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.1080/10978526.2018.1450149
identifier_str_mv 10978526
10.1080/10978526.2018.1450149
url http://hdl.handle.net/11407/4872
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
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dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 19
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 1
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 1
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 22
dc.relation.ispartofes.spa.fl_str_mv Latin American Business Review
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv "Andersson, S., Evers, N., Kuivalainen, O., International new ventures: Rapid internationalization across different industry contexts (2014) European Business Review, 26 (5), pp. 390-405;Bell, J., McNaughton, R., Young, S., Born-again global'firms: An extension to the 'born global'phenomenon (2001) Journal of International Management, 7 (3), pp. 173-189. , ';Boter, H., Holmquist, C., Industry characteristics and internationalization processes in small firms (1996) Journal of Business Venturing, 11 (6), pp. 471-487;(2016) http://www.confecamaras.org.co/phocadownload/Cuadernos_de_analisis_economico/Cuaderno_de_An%D0%B0lisis_Economico_N_10.pdf, Confecamaras. Retrieved from;(2016). http://www.confecamaras.org.co/phocadownload/Cuadernos_de_analisis_economico/Cuaderno_de_An%D0%B0lisis_Economico_N_11.pdf, Confecamaras. Retrieved from;De Chiara, A., Minguzzi, A., Success factors in SME's internationalization processes: An Italian investigation (2002) Journal of Small Business Management, 40 (2), pp. 146-153;(2014), http://www.dinero.com/edicion-impresa/negocios/articulo/empresas-fabricantes-cascos-para-motos-colombia/197861, El rey de los cascos. Retrieved from;(2015), http://www.dinero.com/economia/articulo/pymes-colombia/212958, Por qué fracasan las pymes en Colombia. Retrieved from;(2016), http://www.dinero.com/opinion/columnistas/articulo/por-que-fracasan-los-negocios-en-colombia-por-juliana-sanchez-trujillo/225132, Por qué fracasan los negocios en Colombia. Retrieved from;Dunning, J.H., Explaining changing patterns of international production: In defense of the eclectic theory (1979) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 41 (4), pp. 269-295;Dunning, J.H., The eclectic paradigm as an envelope for economic and business theories of MNE activity (2000) International Business Review, 9 (2), pp. 163-190;(2014), http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-14114350, Se pueden hacer cascos que garanticen seguridad y sean económicos. Retrieved from;Escandon, D.M., Factors influencing the incorporation of Born Global in Colombia (2009) Estudios Gerenciales, 25 (113), pp. 55-73;Escandon, D.M., Hurtado, A., Characteristics of the managers of the Born Global companies in Colombia (2012) Entramado, 8 (2), pp. 74-93;Escandon, D.M., Hurtado, A., Factors influencing the export development of SMES in Colombia (2014) Estudios Gerenciales, 30 (131), pp. 173-183;Escandón Barbosa, D.M., González-Campo, C.H., Murillo Vargas, G., Factors determining the appearance of 'born global' companies: analysis of early internationalisation for SMES in Colombia (2013) Pensamiento &Gestión, 35, pp. 206-223;Escandon, D.M., Murillo, G., González-Campo, C.H., Determinants of international results from recently created SME's in Colombia (2013) Innovar, 23 (49), pp. 17-30;Gabrielsson, M., Pelkonen, T., Born internationals: Market expansion and business operation mode strategies in the digital media field (2008) Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 6 (2), pp. 49-71;Gibbert, M., Ruigrok, W., The ''what'' and ''how'' of case study rigor: Three strategies based on published work (2010) Organizational Research Methods, 13 (4), pp. 710-737;Glowik, M., (2009) Market entry strategies: Internationalization theories, network concepts and cases of Asian firms: LG electronics, Panasonic, Samsung, Sharp, Sony and TCL China, , Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter;Glowik, M., (2016) Market entry strategies: Internationalization theories, concepts and cases of Asian high-technology firms: Haier, Hon Hai Precision, Lenovo, LG Electronics, Panasonic, Samsung, Sharp, Sony, TCL, Xiaomi, , Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter GmbH &Co KG;Glowik, M., Göttert, M., Attempt to structure entrepreneurial-based internationalization concepts (2009) Journal of Economics and Management, 5, pp. 24-46;Håkansson, H., Johanson, J., (1988) Formal and informal cooperation strategies in international industrial networks, , Lanham, Maryland, USA: Lexington Books;Harris, S., Wheeler, C., Entrepreneurs' relationships for internationalization: Functions, origins and strategies (2005) International Business Review, 14 (2), pp. 187-207;Hohenthal, J., (2001) The creation of international business relationships: experience and performance in the internationalization process of SMEs, , Doctoral thesis). Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies;Hurtado-Ayala, A., Escandón-Barbosa, D.M., Antecedentes de la postura emprendedora y su influencia en el desempeño exportador de las pymes en Colombia (2016) Cuaderno de Administración, 29 (53), pp. 147-179;Izaias, M., Gómez-Araujo, E., Vaillant, Y., The effect of export behavior on owner-manager's commitment to innovation in Colombia: Insights from learning approach (2014) Cuadernos de Administración, 27 (49), pp. 135-153;Johanson, J., Mattsson, L.-G., Internationalisation in industrial systems-a network approach (2015) Knowledge, Networks and Power, pp. 11-132. , Johanson J., Mattsson L.-G., (eds), Knowledge, London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, &,. (Eds;Johanson, J., Vahlne, J.-E., The internationalization process of the firm-a model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitments (1977) Journal of International Business Studies, 8 (1), pp. 23-32;Johanson, J., Vahlne, J.-E., Business relationship learning and commitment in the internationalization process (2003) Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1 (1), pp. 83-101;Johanson, J., Vahlne, J.-E., Commitment and opportunity development in the internationalization process: A note on the Uppsala internationalization process model (2006) Management International Review, 46 (2), pp. 165-178;Johanson, J., Vahlne, J.-E., The Uppsala internationalization process model revisited: From liability of foreignness to liability of outsidership (2009) Journal of International Business Studies, 40 (9), pp. 1411-1431;Jones, M.V., Coviello, N.E., Internationalisation: conceptualising an entrepreneurial process of behaviour in time (2005) Journal of International Business Studies, 36 (3), pp. 284-303;Keeble, D., Lawson, C., Lawton, H., Moore, B., Wilkinson, F., Internationalisation processes, networking and local embeddedness in technology-intensive small firms (1998) Small Business Economics, 11 (4), pp. 327-342;Kotabe, M., Aulakh, P.S., Santillán-Salgado, R.J., Teegen, H., Coutinho de Arruda, M.C., Greene, W., Strategic Alliances in Emerging Latin America: A View from Brazilian, Chilean, and Mexican Companies (2000) Journal of World Business, 35 (2), pp. 114-132;Kuivalainen, O., Sundqvist, S., Saarenketo, S., McNaughton, R., Internationalization patterns of small and medium-sized enterprises (2012) International Marketing Review, 29 (5), pp. 448-465;Lechner, C., Dowling, M., Welpe, I., Firm networks and firm development: The role of the relational mix (2006) Journal of Business Venturing, 21 (4), pp. 514-540;Lu, J.W., Beamish, P.W., The internationalization and performance of SMEs (2001) Strategic Management Journal, 22 (6-7), pp. 565-586;Masum, M., Fernandez, A., (2008) Internationalization Process of SMEs: Strategies and Methods, , School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, Business Administration, Västerås, Sweden: Mälardalens högskola;Mathews, J.A., Zander, I., The international entrepreneurial dynamics of accelerated internationalisation (2007) Journal of International Business Studies, 38 (3), pp. 387-403;Matiusinaite, A., Sekliuckiene, J., Factors determining early internationalization of entrepreneurial SMEs: Theoretical approach (2015) International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research (IJBESAR), 8 (3), pp. 21-32;Mesa, J.F., Pareja, F.A., Gonzalez-Perez, M.A., Internationalization models for Colombian SMEs (2012) Administer, 20, pp. 63-90;Moen, Ø., Servais, P., Born global or gradual global? Examining the export behavior of small and medium-sized enterprises (2002) Journal of International Marketing, 10 (3), pp. 49-72;(2014), http://www.motor.com.co/actualidad/tecnologia/cascos-garanticen-seguridad-sean-economicos/18539, Retrieved from;Oviatt, B.M., McDougal, P.P., Challenges for internationalization process theory: The case of international new ventures (1997) MIR: Management International Review, 37, pp. 85-99;Oviatt, B.M., McDougall, P.P., Toward a theory of international new ventures (1994) Journal of International Business Studies, 25 (1), pp. 45-64;(2012), http://www.portafolio.co/negocios/empresas/reto-pymes-agregado-109816, El reto para las pymes es el valor agregado. Retrieved from;(2016), http://www.portafolio.co/opinion/otros-columnistas-1/analisis-innovacion-competitividad-494801, Innovación para la competitividad. Retrieved from;(2017), http://www.portafolio.co/innovacion/la-un-factor-clave-para-las-mejoras-en-productividad-y-competitividad-a-nivel-regional-505542, La importancia de la innovación para la productividad y competitividad en las regiones. Retrieved from;Rialp, A., Rialp, J., Knight, G.A., The phenomenon of early internationalizing firms: what do we know after a decade (1993-2003) of scientific inquiry? (2005) International Business Review, 14 (2), pp. 147-166;Rodriguez, J., The Internationalisation of the small and medium-sized firm (2007) Prometheus, 25 (3), pp. 305-317;Ruzzier, M., Hisrich, R.D., Antoncic, B., SME internationalization research: Past, present, and future (2006) Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 13 (4), pp. 476-497;Schulz, A., Borghoff, T., Borghoff, S., International entrepreneurship: Towards a theory of SME internationalization (2009) International Journal of Business and Economics, 9 (1), pp. 1-12;Sharma, D.D., Blomstermo, A., The internationalization process of born globals: A network view (2003) International Business Review, 12 (6), pp. 739-753;Tabares, S., Anzo, E., Estrada, L., International cooperation and the internationalization of small to medium-sized entreprises in Medellín: A case-comparison study (2014) Estudios Gerenciales, 30 (132), pp. 314-324;Velásquez-Montoya, M., Robledo-Ardila, C., Aristizábal-Uribe, E., Caso empresarial: La estrategia de crecimiento de Comercializadora Inducascos SA (2015) Innovar, 25 (55), pp. 157-170;Veléz-Ocampo, J., Gonzalez-Perez, M.A., Expansión internacional de empresas colombianas: entendiendo su ""surgimiento"" en los mercados extranjeros (2016) Cuadernos de Administración, 28 (51), pp. 189-215;Yin, R.K., Discovering the future of the case study method in evaluation research (1994) Evaluaton Practice, 15 (3), pp. 283-290;Yin, R.K., (2013) Case study research: Design and methods, , Los Angeles: United States: Sage publications;Zhou, L., Wu, W.-P., Lou, X., Internationalization and the performance of born-global SMEs: The mediating role of social networks (2007) Journal of International Business Studies, 38 (4), pp. 673-690"
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rights_invalid_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Routledge
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Negocios Internacionales
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv Scopus
institution Universidad de Medellín
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad de Medellin
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositorio@udem.edu.co
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spelling 2018-10-31T13:44:20Z2018-10-31T13:44:20Z201810978526http://hdl.handle.net/11407/487210.1080/10978526.2018.1450149While small and medium enterprises contribute to gross domestic product, generate crucial employment, and improve socio-economic development, unfortunately the literature on the internationalization processes of these companies remains timid and inconsistent. The following study seeks to analyze the international expansion of the Colombian company Inducascos. The research follows the structure of a case study including literature analysis and secondary data of the Colombian industrial market and Inducascos. Challenges, opportunities and learning process of the organization related to its international expansion and set out, seeking to contribute to the existing studies in international business. © 2018, © 2018 Taylor & Francis.engRoutledgeNegocios InternacionalesFacultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativashttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85048349217&doi=10.1080%2f10978526.2018.1450149&partnerID=40&md5=d9a71e7da922ec7e937898c0e1f1f9a7191122Latin American Business Review"Andersson, S., Evers, N., Kuivalainen, O., International new ventures: Rapid internationalization across different industry contexts (2014) European Business Review, 26 (5), pp. 390-405;Bell, J., McNaughton, R., Young, S., Born-again global'firms: An extension to the 'born global'phenomenon (2001) Journal of International Management, 7 (3), pp. 173-189. , ';Boter, H., Holmquist, C., Industry characteristics and internationalization processes in small firms (1996) Journal of Business Venturing, 11 (6), pp. 471-487;(2016) http://www.confecamaras.org.co/phocadownload/Cuadernos_de_analisis_economico/Cuaderno_de_An%D0%B0lisis_Economico_N_10.pdf, Confecamaras. Retrieved from;(2016). http://www.confecamaras.org.co/phocadownload/Cuadernos_de_analisis_economico/Cuaderno_de_An%D0%B0lisis_Economico_N_11.pdf, Confecamaras. Retrieved from;De Chiara, A., Minguzzi, A., Success factors in SME's internationalization processes: An Italian investigation (2002) Journal of Small Business Management, 40 (2), pp. 146-153;(2014), http://www.dinero.com/edicion-impresa/negocios/articulo/empresas-fabricantes-cascos-para-motos-colombia/197861, El rey de los cascos. Retrieved from;(2015), http://www.dinero.com/economia/articulo/pymes-colombia/212958, Por qué fracasan las pymes en Colombia. Retrieved from;(2016), http://www.dinero.com/opinion/columnistas/articulo/por-que-fracasan-los-negocios-en-colombia-por-juliana-sanchez-trujillo/225132, Por qué fracasan los negocios en Colombia. Retrieved from;Dunning, J.H., Explaining changing patterns of international production: In defense of the eclectic theory (1979) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 41 (4), pp. 269-295;Dunning, J.H., The eclectic paradigm as an envelope for economic and business theories of MNE activity (2000) International Business Review, 9 (2), pp. 163-190;(2014), http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-14114350, Se pueden hacer cascos que garanticen seguridad y sean económicos. Retrieved from;Escandon, D.M., Factors influencing the incorporation of Born Global in Colombia (2009) Estudios Gerenciales, 25 (113), pp. 55-73;Escandon, D.M., Hurtado, A., Characteristics of the managers of the Born Global companies in Colombia (2012) Entramado, 8 (2), pp. 74-93;Escandon, D.M., Hurtado, A., Factors influencing the export development of SMES in Colombia (2014) Estudios Gerenciales, 30 (131), pp. 173-183;Escandón Barbosa, D.M., González-Campo, C.H., Murillo Vargas, G., Factors determining the appearance of 'born global' companies: analysis of early internationalisation for SMES in Colombia (2013) Pensamiento &Gestión, 35, pp. 206-223;Escandon, D.M., Murillo, G., González-Campo, C.H., Determinants of international results from recently created SME's in Colombia (2013) Innovar, 23 (49), pp. 17-30;Gabrielsson, M., Pelkonen, T., Born internationals: Market expansion and business operation mode strategies in the digital media field (2008) Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 6 (2), pp. 49-71;Gibbert, M., Ruigrok, W., The ''what'' and ''how'' of case study rigor: Three strategies based on published work (2010) Organizational Research Methods, 13 (4), pp. 710-737;Glowik, M., (2009) Market entry strategies: Internationalization theories, network concepts and cases of Asian firms: LG electronics, Panasonic, Samsung, Sharp, Sony and TCL China, , Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter;Glowik, M., (2016) Market entry strategies: Internationalization theories, concepts and cases of Asian high-technology firms: Haier, Hon Hai Precision, Lenovo, LG Electronics, Panasonic, Samsung, Sharp, Sony, TCL, Xiaomi, , Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter GmbH &Co KG;Glowik, M., Göttert, M., Attempt to structure entrepreneurial-based internationalization concepts (2009) Journal of Economics and Management, 5, pp. 24-46;Håkansson, H., Johanson, J., (1988) Formal and informal cooperation strategies in international industrial networks, , Lanham, Maryland, USA: Lexington Books;Harris, S., Wheeler, C., Entrepreneurs' relationships for internationalization: Functions, origins and strategies (2005) International Business Review, 14 (2), pp. 187-207;Hohenthal, J., (2001) The creation of international business relationships: experience and performance in the internationalization process of SMEs, , Doctoral thesis). Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies;Hurtado-Ayala, A., Escandón-Barbosa, D.M., Antecedentes de la postura emprendedora y su influencia en el desempeño exportador de las pymes en Colombia (2016) Cuaderno de Administración, 29 (53), pp. 147-179;Izaias, M., Gómez-Araujo, E., Vaillant, Y., The effect of export behavior on owner-manager's commitment to innovation in Colombia: Insights from learning approach (2014) Cuadernos de Administración, 27 (49), pp. 135-153;Johanson, J., Mattsson, L.-G., Internationalisation in industrial systems-a network approach (2015) Knowledge, Networks and Power, pp. 11-132. , Johanson J., Mattsson L.-G., (eds), Knowledge, London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, &,. (Eds;Johanson, J., Vahlne, J.-E., The internationalization process of the firm-a model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitments (1977) Journal of International Business Studies, 8 (1), pp. 23-32;Johanson, J., Vahlne, J.-E., Business relationship learning and commitment in the internationalization process (2003) Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1 (1), pp. 83-101;Johanson, J., Vahlne, J.-E., Commitment and opportunity development in the internationalization process: A note on the Uppsala internationalization process model (2006) Management International Review, 46 (2), pp. 165-178;Johanson, J., Vahlne, J.-E., The Uppsala internationalization process model revisited: From liability of foreignness to liability of outsidership (2009) Journal of International Business Studies, 40 (9), pp. 1411-1431;Jones, M.V., Coviello, N.E., Internationalisation: conceptualising an entrepreneurial process of behaviour in time (2005) Journal of International Business Studies, 36 (3), pp. 284-303;Keeble, D., Lawson, C., Lawton, H., Moore, B., Wilkinson, F., Internationalisation processes, networking and local embeddedness in technology-intensive small firms (1998) Small Business Economics, 11 (4), pp. 327-342;Kotabe, M., Aulakh, P.S., Santillán-Salgado, R.J., Teegen, H., Coutinho de Arruda, M.C., Greene, W., Strategic Alliances in Emerging Latin America: A View from Brazilian, Chilean, and Mexican Companies (2000) Journal of World Business, 35 (2), pp. 114-132;Kuivalainen, O., Sundqvist, S., Saarenketo, S., McNaughton, R., Internationalization patterns of small and medium-sized enterprises (2012) International Marketing Review, 29 (5), pp. 448-465;Lechner, C., Dowling, M., Welpe, I., Firm networks and firm development: The role of the relational mix (2006) Journal of Business Venturing, 21 (4), pp. 514-540;Lu, J.W., Beamish, P.W., The internationalization and performance of SMEs (2001) Strategic Management Journal, 22 (6-7), pp. 565-586;Masum, M., Fernandez, A., (2008) Internationalization Process of SMEs: Strategies and Methods, , School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, Business Administration, Västerås, Sweden: Mälardalens högskola;Mathews, J.A., Zander, I., The international entrepreneurial dynamics of accelerated internationalisation (2007) Journal of International Business Studies, 38 (3), pp. 387-403;Matiusinaite, A., Sekliuckiene, J., Factors determining early internationalization of entrepreneurial SMEs: Theoretical approach (2015) International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research (IJBESAR), 8 (3), pp. 21-32;Mesa, J.F., Pareja, F.A., Gonzalez-Perez, M.A., Internationalization models for Colombian SMEs (2012) Administer, 20, pp. 63-90;Moen, Ø., Servais, P., Born global or gradual global? Examining the export behavior of small and medium-sized enterprises (2002) Journal of International Marketing, 10 (3), pp. 49-72;(2014), http://www.motor.com.co/actualidad/tecnologia/cascos-garanticen-seguridad-sean-economicos/18539, Retrieved from;Oviatt, B.M., McDougal, P.P., Challenges for internationalization process theory: The case of international new ventures (1997) MIR: Management International Review, 37, pp. 85-99;Oviatt, B.M., McDougall, P.P., Toward a theory of international new ventures (1994) Journal of International Business Studies, 25 (1), pp. 45-64;(2012), http://www.portafolio.co/negocios/empresas/reto-pymes-agregado-109816, El reto para las pymes es el valor agregado. Retrieved from;(2016), http://www.portafolio.co/opinion/otros-columnistas-1/analisis-innovacion-competitividad-494801, Innovación para la competitividad. Retrieved from;(2017), http://www.portafolio.co/innovacion/la-un-factor-clave-para-las-mejoras-en-productividad-y-competitividad-a-nivel-regional-505542, La importancia de la innovación para la productividad y competitividad en las regiones. Retrieved from;Rialp, A., Rialp, J., Knight, G.A., The phenomenon of early internationalizing firms: what do we know after a decade (1993-2003) of scientific inquiry? 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