Improving control of contamination from waste rock piles

Waste rock piles are made of heterogeneous, coarse-grained rock extracted from mines to reach the ore. The internal structure of a pile has a major impact on water and oxygen movement and hence the production of acid mine drainage or contaminated neutral drainage. This paper illustrates potential av...

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Fecha de publicación:: 2017

Institución:: Universidad de Medellín

Repositorio:: Repositorio UDEM

Idioma:: eng

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repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	Improving control of contamination from waste rock piles
title	Improving control of contamination from waste rock piles
spellingShingle	Improving control of contamination from waste rock piles Environment Groundwater Waste management and disposal
title_short	Improving control of contamination from waste rock piles
title_full	Improving control of contamination from waste rock piles
title_fullStr	Improving control of contamination from waste rock piles
title_full_unstemmed	Improving control of contamination from waste rock piles
title_sort	Improving control of contamination from waste rock piles
dc.contributor.affiliation.spa.fl_str_mv	Broda, S., Research Institute on Mines and Environment, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada Aubertin, M., Research Institute on Mines and Environment, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada Blessent, D., Programa de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia Hirthe, E., Institute of Fluid Mechanics in Civil Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany Graf, T., Institute of Fluid Mechanics in Civil Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany
dc.subject.keyword.eng.fl_str_mv	Environment Groundwater Waste management and disposal
topic	Environment Groundwater Waste management and disposal
description	Waste rock piles are made of heterogeneous, coarse-grained rock extracted from mines to reach the ore. The internal structure of a pile has a major impact on water and oxygen movement and hence the production of acid mine drainage or contaminated neutral drainage. This paper illustrates potential avenues to minimise the infiltration of precipitation into the core zone of rock piles by applying a compacted layer on top of each bench, made of finer-grained nonreactive waste rock. Several configurations and characteristics (without and with cover, inclined and horizontal covers, varying hydrogeological properties of the cover material) are evaluated using the numerical three-dimensional fully integrated variably saturated flow model HydroGeoSphere. In these simulations of a single bench, the compacted layer is represented as being homogeneous and isotropic while the loose core waste rock zone is represented using two approaches: (i) the classic equivalent porous media approach and (ii) a medium with randomly generated fractures to represent the effect of macropores on water flow. Short (10 d) and longer-term (1 a) simulations have been conducted with recharge events based on historic observations. The results provide guidelines for the design of efficient compacted layers leading to an improved environmental response of waste rock piles.
publishDate	2017
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2017-12-19T19:36:49Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2017-12-19T19:36:49Z
dc.date.created.none.fl_str_mv	2017
dc.type.eng.fl_str_mv	Article
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dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv	http://hdl.handle.net/11407/4343
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv	10.1680/envgeo.14.00023
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv	reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad de Medellín
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv	instname:Universidad de Medellín
identifier_str_mv	2051803X 10.1680/envgeo.14.00023 reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad de Medellín instname:Universidad de Medellín
url	http://hdl.handle.net/11407/4343
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv	eng
language	eng
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dc.relation.ispartofes.spa.fl_str_mv	Environmental Geotechnics
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv	Abdelghani, F.B., Simon, R., Aubertin, M., Molson, J., Therrien, R., Modelling water flow and transport of contaminants from mine wastes stored in open pits within fractured rock (2009) GeoHalifax 2009: 62nd Canadian Geotechnical Conference and 10th Joint CGS/IAH-CNC Groundwater Specialty Conference, pp. 1554-1561. , Halifax, NS, Canada Anterrieu, O., Chouteau, M., Aubertin, M., Geophysical characterization of the large-scale internal structure of a waste rock pile from a hard rock mine (2010) Bulletin of Geological Engineering And, the Environment, 69 (4), pp. 533-548 Aubertin, M., Waste rock disposal to improve the geotechnical and geochemical stability of piles (2013) World Mining Congress 2013, , Montreal, QC, Canada Aubertin, M., Bussière, B., Bernier, L., (2002) Environnement et Gestion des Rejets Miniers (Manuel Sur Cédérom), , Presses Internationales Polytechnique, Montréal, QC, Canada (in French Aubertin, M., Fala, O., Bussière, B., Analyse des écoulements de l'EAU en conditions non saturées dans les haldes à stériles. (2002) Proceedings of Défis et Perspectives: Symposium 2002 Sur L'Environnement et les Mines, , Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada, November 3-5, 2002. Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM), Montreal, QC, Canada, Paper No. a1019 [CD-ROM] (in French) Aubertin, M., Fala, O., Molson, J.W., Evaluation of the hydrogeological and geochemical behaviour of waste rock piles (2005) Symposium CIM Rouyn-Noranda: Environnement and Mines, , Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada, May 15-18 Aubertin, M., Fala, O., Molson, J.W., Caractérisation du comportement hydrogéologique et géochimique des haldes à stériles (2008) Symposium 2008 Sur L'Environnement et les Mines, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada (In French) Aubertin, M., Cifuentes, E., Apithy, S., Analyses of water diversion along inclined covers with capillary barrier effects (2009) Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 46 (10), pp. 1146-1164 Aubertin, M., James, M., Maknoon, M., Bussière, B., Recommandations pour améliorer le comportement géotechnique et géochimique des haldes à stériles (2013) Geo Montreal 2013, 66th CGS Conference, Montreal, QC, Canada (In French) Bear, J., (1972) Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Media, , American Elsevier, New York, NY, USA Blight, G.E., (2010) Geotechnical Engineering for Mine Waste Storage Facilities, , CRC Press/Balkema, Leiden, the Netherlands Broda, S., Blessent, D., Aubertin, M., A novel approach to analyze water flow in waste rock piles to assess slope stability and groundwater contamination (2013) Proceedings of the 23rd World Mining, Congress 2013, , Montreal, QC, Canada Broda, S., Blessent, D., Aubertin, M., Conceptual model suitability for reproducing preferential flow in waste rock (2013) Proceedings of IASTED International Conference - Modelling, Identification and Control MIC 2013, pp. 275-281. , Klement EP, Borutzky W, Fahringer T, Hamza MH and Uskov V (eds). ACTA Press, Innsbruck, Austria Broda, S., Hirthe, E., Blessent, D., Aubertin, M., Graf, T., Using random discrete fractures for representing preferential flow in waste rock piles with compacted layers (2013) Proceedings of the 66th CGS Conference Geo Montreal 2013: Geosciences for Sustainability, , Montreal, QC, Canada Bussière, B., Aubertin, M., Zagury, G.J., Potvin, R., Benzaazoua, M., Principaux défis et pistes de solution pour larestauration des sites miniers abandonnés générateurs de drainage minier acide (2005) Symposium 2008 Sur L'Environnement et les Mines, , Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada (in French Bussière, B., Demers, I., Dawood, I., (2011) Comportement Géochimique et Hydrogépologique des Stériles de la Mine Lac Tio. Symposium 2011 Sur L'Environnement et les Mines, , Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada (in French Dawood, I., Aubertin, M., A numerical investigation of the influence of internal structure on the unsaturated flow in a large waste rock pile (2009) GeoHalifax'2009: 62nd Canadian Geotechnical Conference and 10th Joint CGS/IAH-CNC Groundwater Specialty Conference, pp. 1534-1541. , Halifax, NS, Canada Dawood, I., Aubertin, M., Effect of dense material layers on unsaturated water flow inside a large waste rock pile: A numerical investigation (2014) Mine Water and the Environment, 33 (1), pp. 24-38 Dawood, I., Aubertin, M., Intissar, R., Chouteau, M., A combined hydrogeological-geophysical approach to evaluate unsaturated flow in large waste rock piles (2011) Proceedings Pan-Am CGS, Geotechnical Conference, , Toronto, ON, Canada Fala, O., Molson, J.W., Aubertin, M., Bussière, B., Numerical modelling of flow and capillary barrier effects in unsaturated waste rock piles (2005) Mine Water and the Environment, 24 (4), pp. 172-185 Fala, O., Molson, J., Aubertin, M., A numerical modelling approach to assess long term unsaturated flow and geochemical transport in a waste rock pile (2013) International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, 27 (1), pp. 38-55 Graf, T., Therrien, R., Variable-density groundwater flow and solute transport in irregular 2D fracture networks (2007) Advances in Water Resources, 30 (3), pp. 455-468 Lefebvre, R., Hockley, D., Smolensky, J., Gélinas, P., Multiphase transfer processes in waste rock piles producing acid mine drainage: 1. Conceptual model and system characterization (2001) Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 52 (1-4), pp. 137-164 Maknoon, M., Aubertin, M., An investigation of the slope stability of unsaturated waste rock piles (2013) Geo Montreal 2013, 66th CGS Conference, , Montreal, QC, Canada Martin, V., Aubertin, M., Zhan, G., Bussière, B., Chapuis, R.P., An investigation into the hydrological behaviour of exposed and covered waste rock dumps (2005) SME Transactions, 318, pp. 139-146 McCarter, M.K., Design and operating considerations for mine waste embankments (1990) Surface Mining, pp. 890-899. , 2nd edn (Kennedy BA (ed.). SME, Littleton, CO, USA McLaren, R.G., Sudicky, E.A., Park, Y.J., Illman, W.A., Numerical simulation of DNAPL emissions and remediation in a fractured dolomitic aquifer (2012) Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 136-137, pp. 56-71 McLemore, V.T., Fakhimi, A., Van Zyl, D., Literature review of other rock piles: Characterization, weathering, and stability (2009) Report OF-517, Questa Rock Pile Weathering Stability, Project, , New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM, USA Molson, J.W., Fala, O., Aubertin, M., Bussière, B., Numerical simulations of pyrite oxidation and acid mine drainage in unsaturated waste rock piles (2005) Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 78 (4), pp. 343-371 Morin, K.A., Gerencher, E., Jones, C.E., Konasewich, D.E., Critical literature review of acid drainage from waste rock (1991) MEND Report 1.11.1, , Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Canada Nichol, C., Smith, L., Beckie, R., Field-scale experiments of unsaturated flow and solute transport in a heterogeneous porous medium (2005) Water Resources Research, 41 (5), p. W05018 Peregoedova, A., (2012) ÉTude Expérimentale des Propriétés Hydrogéologiques des Roches Stériles à Une ÉChelle Intermédiaire de Laboratoire, , M.Sc.A thesis, École Polytechnique de Montréal, QC, Canada (in French Smith, L., Beckie, R., Hydrologic and geochemical transport processes in mine waste rocks (2003) Environmental Aspects of Mine Wastes, 32, pp. 51-72. , Jambor JL, Blowes DW and Ritchie AIM (eds)). Mineralogical Association of Canada, Québec, Canada Therrien, R., Sudicky, E.A., A three-dimensional analysis of variably-saturated flow and solute transport in discretelyfractured porous media (1996) Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 23 (1-2), pp. 1-44 Therrien, R., McLaren, R.G., Sudicky, E.A., Panday, S.M., (2010) Hydro Geo Sphere - A Three-Dimensional Numerical Model Describing Fully-Integrated Subsurface and Surface Flow and Solute Transport Model, , Université Laval, QC, Canada and University of Waterloo, ON, Canada Van Genuchten, M.T., A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils (1980) Soil Science of America Journal, 44 (5), pp. 892-898 Wilson, J.A., Wilson, G.W., Fredlund, D.G., Numerical modeling of vertical and inclined waste rock layers (2000) Proc. 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage, , Soc. Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, Inc. (SME), Denver, CO, USA
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dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv	Ingeniería Ambiental
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv	Facultad de Ingenierías
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spelling	2017-12-19T19:36:49Z2017-12-19T19:36:49Z20172051803Xhttp://hdl.handle.net/11407/434310.1680/envgeo.14.00023reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad de Medellíninstname:Universidad de MedellínWaste rock piles are made of heterogeneous, coarse-grained rock extracted from mines to reach the ore. The internal structure of a pile has a major impact on water and oxygen movement and hence the production of acid mine drainage or contaminated neutral drainage. This paper illustrates potential avenues to minimise the infiltration of precipitation into the core zone of rock piles by applying a compacted layer on top of each bench, made of finer-grained nonreactive waste rock. Several configurations and characteristics (without and with cover, inclined and horizontal covers, varying hydrogeological properties of the cover material) are evaluated using the numerical three-dimensional fully integrated variably saturated flow model HydroGeoSphere. In these simulations of a single bench, the compacted layer is represented as being homogeneous and isotropic while the loose core waste rock zone is represented using two approaches: (i) the classic equivalent porous media approach and (ii) a medium with randomly generated fractures to represent the effect of macropores on water flow. Short (10 d) and longer-term (1 a) simulations have been conducted with recharge events based on historic observations. The results provide guidelines for the design of efficient compacted layers leading to an improved environmental response of waste rock piles.engICE PublishingIngeniería AmbientalFacultad de Ingenieríashttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85030478509&doi=10.1680%2fenvgeo.14.00023&partnerID=40&md5=30cb1c73a4f0427c388ea8bb373b8b99Environmental GeotechnicsAbdelghani, F.B., Simon, R., Aubertin, M., Molson, J., Therrien, R., Modelling water flow and transport of contaminants from mine wastes stored in open pits within fractured rock (2009) GeoHalifax 2009: 62nd Canadian Geotechnical Conference and 10th Joint CGS/IAH-CNC Groundwater Specialty Conference, pp. 1554-1561. , Halifax, NS, CanadaAnterrieu, O., Chouteau, M., Aubertin, M., Geophysical characterization of the large-scale internal structure of a waste rock pile from a hard rock mine (2010) Bulletin of Geological Engineering And, the Environment, 69 (4), pp. 533-548Aubertin, M., Waste rock disposal to improve the geotechnical and geochemical stability of piles (2013) World Mining Congress 2013, , Montreal, QC, CanadaAubertin, M., Bussière, B., Bernier, L., (2002) Environnement et Gestion des Rejets Miniers (Manuel Sur Cédérom), , Presses Internationales Polytechnique, Montréal, QC, Canada (in FrenchAubertin, M., Fala, O., Bussière, B., Analyse des écoulements de l'EAU en conditions non saturées dans les haldes à stériles. (2002) Proceedings of Défis et Perspectives: Symposium 2002 Sur L'Environnement et les Mines, , Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada, November 3-5, 2002. Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM), Montreal, QC, Canada, Paper No. a1019 [CD-ROM] (in French)Aubertin, M., Fala, O., Molson, J.W., Evaluation of the hydrogeological and geochemical behaviour of waste rock piles (2005) Symposium CIM Rouyn-Noranda: Environnement and Mines, , Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada, May 15-18Aubertin, M., Fala, O., Molson, J.W., Caractérisation du comportement hydrogéologique et géochimique des haldes à stériles (2008) Symposium 2008 Sur L'Environnement et les Mines, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada (In French)Aubertin, M., Cifuentes, E., Apithy, S., Analyses of water diversion along inclined covers with capillary barrier effects (2009) Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 46 (10), pp. 1146-1164Aubertin, M., James, M., Maknoon, M., Bussière, B., Recommandations pour améliorer le comportement géotechnique et géochimique des haldes à stériles (2013) Geo Montreal 2013, 66th CGS Conference, Montreal, QC, Canada (In French)Bear, J., (1972) Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Media, , American Elsevier, New York, NY, USABlight, G.E., (2010) Geotechnical Engineering for Mine Waste Storage Facilities, , CRC Press/Balkema, Leiden, the NetherlandsBroda, S., Blessent, D., Aubertin, M., A novel approach to analyze water flow in waste rock piles to assess slope stability and groundwater contamination (2013) Proceedings of the 23rd World Mining, Congress 2013, , Montreal, QC, CanadaBroda, S., Blessent, D., Aubertin, M., Conceptual model suitability for reproducing preferential flow in waste rock (2013) Proceedings of IASTED International Conference - Modelling, Identification and Control MIC 2013, pp. 275-281. , Klement EP, Borutzky W, Fahringer T, Hamza MH and Uskov V (eds). ACTA Press, Innsbruck, AustriaBroda, S., Hirthe, E., Blessent, D., Aubertin, M., Graf, T., Using random discrete fractures for representing preferential flow in waste rock piles with compacted layers (2013) Proceedings of the 66th CGS Conference Geo Montreal 2013: Geosciences for Sustainability, , Montreal, QC, CanadaBussière, B., Aubertin, M., Zagury, G.J., Potvin, R., Benzaazoua, M., Principaux défis et pistes de solution pour larestauration des sites miniers abandonnés générateurs de drainage minier acide (2005) Symposium 2008 Sur L'Environnement et les Mines, , Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada (in FrenchBussière, B., Demers, I., Dawood, I., (2011) Comportement Géochimique et Hydrogépologique des Stériles de la Mine Lac Tio. Symposium 2011 Sur L'Environnement et les Mines, , Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada (in FrenchDawood, I., Aubertin, M., A numerical investigation of the influence of internal structure on the unsaturated flow in a large waste rock pile (2009) GeoHalifax'2009: 62nd Canadian Geotechnical Conference and 10th Joint CGS/IAH-CNC Groundwater Specialty Conference, pp. 1534-1541. , Halifax, NS, CanadaDawood, I., Aubertin, M., Effect of dense material layers on unsaturated water flow inside a large waste rock pile: A numerical investigation (2014) Mine Water and the Environment, 33 (1), pp. 24-38Dawood, I., Aubertin, M., Intissar, R., Chouteau, M., A combined hydrogeological-geophysical approach to evaluate unsaturated flow in large waste rock piles (2011) Proceedings Pan-Am CGS, Geotechnical Conference, , Toronto, ON, CanadaFala, O., Molson, J.W., Aubertin, M., Bussière, B., Numerical modelling of flow and capillary barrier effects in unsaturated waste rock piles (2005) Mine Water and the Environment, 24 (4), pp. 172-185Fala, O., Molson, J., Aubertin, M., A numerical modelling approach to assess long term unsaturated flow and geochemical transport in a waste rock pile (2013) International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, 27 (1), pp. 38-55Graf, T., Therrien, R., Variable-density groundwater flow and solute transport in irregular 2D fracture networks (2007) Advances in Water Resources, 30 (3), pp. 455-468Lefebvre, R., Hockley, D., Smolensky, J., Gélinas, P., Multiphase transfer processes in waste rock piles producing acid mine drainage: 1. Conceptual model and system characterization (2001) Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 52 (1-4), pp. 137-164Maknoon, M., Aubertin, M., An investigation of the slope stability of unsaturated waste rock piles (2013) Geo Montreal 2013, 66th CGS Conference, , Montreal, QC, CanadaMartin, V., Aubertin, M., Zhan, G., Bussière, B., Chapuis, R.P., An investigation into the hydrological behaviour of exposed and covered waste rock dumps (2005) SME Transactions, 318, pp. 139-146McCarter, M.K., Design and operating considerations for mine waste embankments (1990) Surface Mining, pp. 890-899. , 2nd edn (Kennedy BA (ed.). SME, Littleton, CO, USAMcLaren, R.G., Sudicky, E.A., Park, Y.J., Illman, W.A., Numerical simulation of DNAPL emissions and remediation in a fractured dolomitic aquifer (2012) Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 136-137, pp. 56-71McLemore, V.T., Fakhimi, A., Van Zyl, D., Literature review of other rock piles: Characterization, weathering, and stability (2009) Report OF-517, Questa Rock Pile Weathering Stability, Project, , New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM, USAMolson, J.W., Fala, O., Aubertin, M., Bussière, B., Numerical simulations of pyrite oxidation and acid mine drainage in unsaturated waste rock piles (2005) Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 78 (4), pp. 343-371Morin, K.A., Gerencher, E., Jones, C.E., Konasewich, D.E., Critical literature review of acid drainage from waste rock (1991) MEND Report 1.11.1, , Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, CanadaNichol, C., Smith, L., Beckie, R., Field-scale experiments of unsaturated flow and solute transport in a heterogeneous porous medium (2005) Water Resources Research, 41 (5), p. W05018Peregoedova, A., (2012) ÉTude Expérimentale des Propriétés Hydrogéologiques des Roches Stériles à Une ÉChelle Intermédiaire de Laboratoire, , M.Sc.A thesis, École Polytechnique de Montréal, QC, Canada (in FrenchSmith, L., Beckie, R., Hydrologic and geochemical transport processes in mine waste rocks (2003) Environmental Aspects of Mine Wastes, 32, pp. 51-72. , Jambor JL, Blowes DW and Ritchie AIM (eds)). Mineralogical Association of Canada, Québec, CanadaTherrien, R., Sudicky, E.A., A three-dimensional analysis of variably-saturated flow and solute transport in discretelyfractured porous media (1996) Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 23 (1-2), pp. 1-44Therrien, R., McLaren, R.G., Sudicky, E.A., Panday, S.M., (2010) Hydro Geo Sphere - A Three-Dimensional Numerical Model Describing Fully-Integrated Subsurface and Surface Flow and Solute Transport Model, , Université Laval, QC, Canada and University of Waterloo, ON, CanadaVan Genuchten, M.T., A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils (1980) Soil Science of America Journal, 44 (5), pp. 892-898Wilson, J.A., Wilson, G.W., Fredlund, D.G., Numerical modeling of vertical and inclined waste rock layers (2000) Proc. 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage, , Soc. Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, Inc. (SME), Denver, CO, USAScopusImproving control of contamination from waste rock pilesArticleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Broda, S., Research Institute on Mines and Environment, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, CanadaAubertin, M., Research Institute on Mines and Environment, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, CanadaBlessent, D., Programa de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, ColombiaHirthe, E., Institute of Fluid Mechanics in Civil Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, GermanyGraf, T., Institute of Fluid Mechanics in Civil Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, GermanyBroda S.Aubertin M.Blessent D.Hirthe E.Graf T.Research Institute on Mines and Environment, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, CanadaPrograma de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, ColombiaInstitute of Fluid Mechanics in Civil Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, GermanyEnvironmentGroundwaterWaste management and disposalhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ecTHUMBNAILportada.JPGportada.JPGimage/jpeg11026http://repository.udem.edu.co/bitstream/11407/4343/1/portada.JPGb73c5dde2a255f925487b6077f754331MD5111407/4343oai:repository.udem.edu.co:11407/43432020-05-27 15:58:15.538Repositorio Institucional Universidad de Medellinrepositorio@udem.edu.co

Improving control of contamination from waste rock piles

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