Foraminíferos bentónicos como indicadores de oxigenación y condiciones paleoambientales en el ODP 1237 (Mioceno Tardío)
Figuras, tablas
- Autores:
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2026
- Institución:
- Universidad de Caldas
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional U. Caldas
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co:ucaldas/26598
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/26598
- Palabra clave:
- 550 - Ciencias de la tierra::551 - Geología, hidrología, meteorología
Geología
1. Ciencias Naturales
Microhábitat
Oxígeno disuelto (OD)
Zona de Mínima Oxigenación (OMZ)
Ventilación oceánica
Disponibilidad de alimento
Océano Pacífico oriental
- Rights
- License
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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Foraminíferos bentónicos como indicadores de oxigenación y condiciones paleoambientales en el ODP 1237 (Mioceno Tardío) |
| title |
Foraminíferos bentónicos como indicadores de oxigenación y condiciones paleoambientales en el ODP 1237 (Mioceno Tardío) |
| spellingShingle |
Foraminíferos bentónicos como indicadores de oxigenación y condiciones paleoambientales en el ODP 1237 (Mioceno Tardío) 550 - Ciencias de la tierra::551 - Geología, hidrología, meteorología Geología 1. Ciencias Naturales Microhábitat Oxígeno disuelto (OD) Zona de Mínima Oxigenación (OMZ) Ventilación oceánica Disponibilidad de alimento Océano Pacífico oriental |
| title_short |
Foraminíferos bentónicos como indicadores de oxigenación y condiciones paleoambientales en el ODP 1237 (Mioceno Tardío) |
| title_full |
Foraminíferos bentónicos como indicadores de oxigenación y condiciones paleoambientales en el ODP 1237 (Mioceno Tardío) |
| title_fullStr |
Foraminíferos bentónicos como indicadores de oxigenación y condiciones paleoambientales en el ODP 1237 (Mioceno Tardío) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Foraminíferos bentónicos como indicadores de oxigenación y condiciones paleoambientales en el ODP 1237 (Mioceno Tardío) |
| title_sort |
Foraminíferos bentónicos como indicadores de oxigenación y condiciones paleoambientales en el ODP 1237 (Mioceno Tardío) |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Trejos Tamayo, Raúl Ochoa, Diana GIEV-(CUMANDAY) Grupo de Investigación en Estratigrafía y Vulcanología (Categoría A1) |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
550 - Ciencias de la tierra::551 - Geología, hidrología, meteorología Geología 1. Ciencias Naturales Microhábitat Oxígeno disuelto (OD) Zona de Mínima Oxigenación (OMZ) Ventilación oceánica Disponibilidad de alimento Océano Pacífico oriental |
| topic |
550 - Ciencias de la tierra::551 - Geología, hidrología, meteorología Geología 1. Ciencias Naturales Microhábitat Oxígeno disuelto (OD) Zona de Mínima Oxigenación (OMZ) Ventilación oceánica Disponibilidad de alimento Océano Pacífico oriental |
| description |
Figuras, tablas |
| publishDate |
2026 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2026-02-03T15:32:43Z 2026-02-03T15:32:43Z 2026-01-29 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Pregrado http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f Text info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/26598 Universidad de Caldas Repositorio Institucional Universidad de Caldas repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co |
| url |
https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/26598 |
| identifier_str_mv |
Universidad de Caldas Repositorio Institucional Universidad de Caldas repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
spa |
| language |
spa |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
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Universidad de Caldas Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Manizales, Caldas Geología |
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Universidad de Caldas Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Manizales, Caldas Geología |
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Universidad de Caldas |
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Foraminíferos bentónicos como indicadores de oxigenación y condiciones paleoambientales en el ODP 1237 (Mioceno Tardío)550 - Ciencias de la tierra::551 - Geología, hidrología, meteorologíaGeología1. Ciencias NaturalesMicrohábitatOxígeno disuelto (OD)Zona de Mínima Oxigenación (OMZ)Ventilación oceánicaDisponibilidad de alimentoOcéano Pacífico orientalFiguras, tablasComprender la variabilidad pasada del oxígeno en los fondos marinos del Océano Pacífico Sur Tropical Oriental, es esencial para contextualizar el actual proceso de desoxigenación oceánica. La reconstrucción de las condiciones de oxigenación del fondo marino durante el Mioceno Tardío, a través del estudio de las asociaciones de foraminíferos bentónicos, permite identificar las posibles variables que controlan las fluctuaciones del oxígeno disuelto, y evaluar la posible presencia de condiciones de hipoxia comparables a las de la actual Zona de Mínima Oxigenación (OMZ) del margen continental peruano. Este estudio analiza las asociaciones de foraminíferos bentónicos del Site 1237B (ODP 202), ubicado a ~140 km de la costa peruana (ca. 3200 m de profundidad). Los registros muestran variaciones en la abundancia de géneros indicadores de condiciones subóxicas y microhábitats infaunales, como Uvigerina spp., y de taxones epifaunales asociados a condiciones óxicas como Cibicidoides spp. El análisis de estas variaciones, junto con la aplicación del Enhanced Benthic Foraminiferal Oxygen Index (EBFOI), indica que el fondo marino estuvo mayoritariamente bien oxigenado, aunque con episodios de disminución del oxígeno disuelto que sugieren cambios en la ventilación profunda y en el flujo de materia orgánica (disponibilidad de alimento) hacia el sedimento. No obstante, ninguno de los intervalos estudiados presenta valores compatibles con hipoxia profunda, lo que sugiere que, para este periodo, la influencia vertical de la OMZ no alcanzó profundidades comparables a la del Site 1237B. Este trabajo evidencia cómo las asociaciones de foraminíferos bentónicos pueden utilizarse para reconstruir fluctuaciones de oxigenación en ambientes profundos y aporta un marco comparativo para evaluar la evolución reciente de la OMZ peruana y sus posibles cambios futuros en términos de extensión vertical bajo escenarios de desoxigenación futura.Understanding past variability in bottom-water oxygenation in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific is essential for contextualizing the ongoing process of ocean deoxygenation. Reconstructing deep-sea oxygen conditions during the Late Miocene through the study of benthic foraminiferal assemblages enables the identification of variables that controll dissolved-oxygen fluctuations and the assessment of potential hypoxic intervals comparable to those of the modern Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) along the Peruvian continental margin. This study analyzes benthic foraminiferal assemblages from Site 1237B (ODP Leg 202), located ~140 km off the Peruvian coast at ~3200 m water depth. The record reveals fluctuations in the abundance of suboxia-tolerant, infaunal genera such as Uvigerina spp., as well as epifaunal taxa associated with well-oxygenated conditions, including Cibicidoides spp. These variations, combined with the application of the Enhanced Benthic Foraminiferal Oxygen Index (EBFOI), indicate that bottom waters were predominantly well oxygenated, with intermittent episodes of reduced dissolved oxygen reflecting changes in deep-water ventilation and organic-matter flux (food supply) to the seafloor. However, none of the intervals exhibit values consistent with persistent deep-water hypoxia, suggesting that the vertical extent of the OMZ did not reach depths comparable to Site 1237B during this period. This work demonstrates the utility of benthic foraminiferal assemblages for reconstructing deep- sea oxygenation dynamics and provides a comparative framework for evaluating the recent evolution of the Peruvian OMZ and its potential future vertical expansion under deoxygenation scenarios.Marco conceptual -- Marco geológico -- Marco oceanográfico -- Zonas mínimas de oxigenación en los océanos -- Foraminíferos -- Materiales y métodos -- Recolección y preparación de muestras -- Análisis de foraminíferos -- Resultados -- Composición taxonómica y distribución vertical en el pozo -- Foraminíferos aglutinados -- Foraminíferos calcáreos hialinos -- Foraminíferos calcáreos porcelanados -- Distribución de microhábitat -- Presencia de radiolarios -- Abundancia relativa y densidad -- Análisis estadístico y ecológico de las asociaciones bentónicas -- Análisis de conglomerados -- Discusión -- Cambios en la oxigenación durante el Mioceno Tardío -- Grupo I, condiciones óxicas dominantes -- Grupo II, variabilidad subóxica asociada a cambios en ventilación y flujo orgánico -- Disponibilidad de alimento en el fondo marino -- Relación entre el mioceno tardío y la oxigenación actual en la margen peruana -- Conclusiones y recomendaciones -- Conclusiones -- Recomendaciones -- Anexos -- Conteo de los taxones bentónicos -- Conteo de foraminíferos bentónicos y planctónicos -- Tipo de pared y preferencias de microhábitat y oxigenación -- Valores de EBFOI, OD y BPWOPregradoEl Site 1237 (16°0.421´S, 76°22.685´W) fue perforado por el Ocean Drilling Program (ODP, por sus siglas en inglés), durante la campaña Leg 202 en el año 2002, a ~140 km de las costas peruanas. Se realizó una triple perforación con el sistema Advanced Piston Corer (APC), en el flanco más oriental de la Cordillera de Nazca. Alcanzó una profundidad de agua de 3212 m, a partir de los cuales se estima que el espesor de la sección sedimentaria es de ~290 m. Allí se obtuvieron una sucesión de perforaciones, de las cuales se identifican los pozos 1237A, 1237B, 1237C y 1237D. El presente estudio se centra en el pozo 1237B, ubicado a una profundidad de 3224 mbrf (meters below rig floor o en español metros por debajo del piso de perforación¨6). Durante la perforación se obtuvieron 34 núcleos identificados como 1H-34H. Cada núcleo corresponde a un tubo cilíndrico de sedimento de aproximadamente 10 m de longitud, el cual es posteriormente seccionado en partes más pequeñas (de ~1,5 m) para su descripción, muestreo y análisis. En esta tesis se analizaron los foraminíferos bentónicos entre los núcleos del 10H al 15H. En este intervalo, que va desde 87 m hasta 135 m de profundidad, se seleccionaron 33 muestras cada ~1,5 m. Para extraer los foraminíferos las muestras fueron sometidas a un proceso de disgregación para rocas de dureza baja y tamaño de grano fino siguiendo las metodologías consignadas en el manual de preparación de Thomas & Murney (1985) (Figura 6). Inicialmente, se registró el peso de cada muestra (peso promedio de 4,18 g), obteniéndose así el peso húmedo. Luego, las muestras se introdujeron en recipientes refractarios, se dejaron en el horno por 24 horas a 60°C para eliminar la humedad, tras lo cual se midió nuevamente el peso para obtener el peso seco. A partir de ambos valores se calculó el contenido de humedad. Para la preparación, las muestras se transfirieron a vasos de precipitado, se sumergieron en agua y se añadieron 5 gramos de tripolifosfato de sodio (Na5P3O10) con el fin de dispersar las arcillas. La mezcla se dejó reposar ~24 horas. Posteriormente, se realizó el lavado y tamizaje húmedo empleando un tamiz de apertura de malla de 63 μm. El material retenido se trasladó nuevamente a recipientes refractarios y fue secado a 60°C durante 12 horas para eliminar el exceso de humedad. Una vez seco, el sedimento resultante se fraccionó mediante tamices de 125 μm, 150 μm y 250 μm. 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