Funcionamiento normal y aumentado de la glándula tiroides en equinos

Objetivo: Describir y analizar el funcionamiento normal de la glándula tiroides en equinos y los factores que aumentan en ellos los niveles de hormonas tiroideas. Materiales y métodos: Mediante la revisión de la literatura disponible de los últimos...

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Fecha de publicación:
2012
Institución:
Universidad de Caldas
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Repositorio Institucional U. Caldas
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spa
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oai:repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co:ucaldas/14766
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https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/lunazul/article/view/1736
Palabra clave:
Equinos
hormona tiroidea
metabolismo
Equines
thyroid hormone
metabolism
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openAccess
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Luna Azul - 2015
id REPOUCALDA_6d512c24f5e32b2dc603866c21109282
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co:ucaldas/14766
network_acronym_str REPOUCALDA
network_name_str Repositorio Institucional U. Caldas
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Funcionamiento normal y aumentado de la glándula tiroides en equinos
Normal and increased functioning of the thyroid gland in horses
title Funcionamiento normal y aumentado de la glándula tiroides en equinos
spellingShingle Funcionamiento normal y aumentado de la glándula tiroides en equinos
Equinos
hormona tiroidea
metabolismo
Equines
thyroid hormone
metabolism
title_short Funcionamiento normal y aumentado de la glándula tiroides en equinos
title_full Funcionamiento normal y aumentado de la glándula tiroides en equinos
title_fullStr Funcionamiento normal y aumentado de la glándula tiroides en equinos
title_full_unstemmed Funcionamiento normal y aumentado de la glándula tiroides en equinos
title_sort Funcionamiento normal y aumentado de la glándula tiroides en equinos
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Equinos
hormona tiroidea
metabolismo
Equines
thyroid hormone
metabolism
topic Equinos
hormona tiroidea
metabolismo
Equines
thyroid hormone
metabolism
description Objetivo: Describir y analizar el funcionamiento normal de la glándula tiroides en equinos y los factores que aumentan en ellos los niveles de hormonas tiroideas. Materiales y métodos: Mediante la revisión de la literatura disponible de los últimos 50 años en las bases de datos BBCS-LILACS, fuente académica, IB-PsycINFO, IBSSCI, IB-SciELO, Scopus y Scirus, al igual que artículos históricos, textos y referencias citadas en trabajos publicados. Resultados: la información obtenida relacionada con los objetivos propuestos en la presente revisión, permite clasificar en 4 secciones a saber: síntesis y secreción de hormonas tiroideas; transporte y metabolismo; funciones; hipertiroidismo en los equinos. Conclusión: La glándula tiroides juega un papel importante, como productora de hormonas tiroideas, las cuales son necesarias para la diferenciación celular y crecimiento del organismo. El buen funcionamiento de las vías metabólicas depende de estas hormonas, las que tienen efectos específicos sobre diferentes órganos, manteniendo la homeostasis en todos los tejidos. 
publishDate 2012
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2012-07-01T00:00:00Z
2012-07-01T00:00:00Z
2012-07-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Text
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Journal article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv 0122-5391
1909-2474
https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/lunazul/article/view/1736
identifier_str_mv 0122-5391
1909-2474
url https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/lunazul/article/view/1736
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv 337
35
321
Luna Azul
Abraham, G.; Allersmeier, M.; Schusser, G.F.; Ungemach, F. R. (2011). Serum thyroid hormone, insulin, glucose, triglycerides and protein concentrations in normal horses: Association with topical dexamethasone usage. Vet J; 188: 307–312.
 Ahmed, O.M.; El-Gareib, A.W.; El-bakry, A.M.; Abd ElTawab, S.M.; Ahmed R.G. (2008). Thyroid hormones states and brain development interactions. Int. J. Devl Neuroscience 26:147–209.
 Alberts, M.K.; McCann, J.P.; Woods, P.R. (2001) Hemithyroidectomy in a horse with confirmed hyperthyroidism. J Am Vet Med Assoc 217 (7):1051–4.
 Baragli, P.; Sgorbini, M.; Casini, L.; Ducci M.; Sighieri C. (2011). Early evidence of the anticipatory response of plasma catecholamine in equine exercise. Equine Vet J. 31:85-88.
 Barsnick, R.J.; Toribio, R.E. (2011). Endocrinology of the equine neonate energy metabolism in health and critical illness. Vet Clin Equine. 27: 49–58.
 Beck-Peccoz, P.; Persani, L.; Mannavola, D.; Campi, I. (2009). TSH-secreting adenomas. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 23: 597-606.
 Blomme, E.A.; Sugimoto, Y.; Lin Y.C.; Capen, C.C.; Rosol, T.J. (1999). Parathyroid hormone-related protein is a positive regulator of keratinocyte growth factor expression by normal dermal fibroblasts. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 152:189– 197.
 Breuhaus, B.A. (2011). Disorders of the Equine Thyroid Gland. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 27 (1):115-128.
 Buff, P.R.; Messer, N.T.; Cogswell, A.M.; Johnson, P.J.; Keisler, D.H.; Ganjama V.K. (2007) Seasonal and pulsatile dynamics of thyrotropin and leptin in mares maintained under a constant energy balance. Domestic Animal Endocrinol. 33: 430–436.
 Christensen, R.A.; Malinowski, K.; Massenzio, A.M.; Hafs, H.D.; Scanes, C.G. (1997). Acute effects of short-term feed deprivation and refeeding on circulating concentrations of metabolites, insulin-like growth factor i, insulin-like growth factor binding proteins, somatotropin, and thyroid hormones in adult geldings. J Anim Sci. 75:1351-1358.
 Cianchetta, S.; Bernardo, J.; Romeo, G.; Rhoden, K.J. (2010). Perchlorate transport and inhibition of the sodium iodide symporter measured with the yellow fluorescent protein variant YFP-H148Q/I152L. Toxicol Appl harmacol. 243: 372–380.
 Clutterbuck, A.L.; Harris, P.; Allaway, D.; Mobasheri, A; (2010). Matrix metalloproteinases in inflammatory pathologies of the horse. Vet J. 183: 27–38.
 Crockford, S.J. (2003). Thyroid rhythm phenotypes and hominid evolution: a new paradigm implicates pulsatile hormone secretion in speciation and adaptation changes. Comp Biochem Physiol AMol Integr Physiol. 135: 105–129.
 Dittrich, R.; Beckmann, M.W.; Oppelt, P.G.; Hoffmann, I; Lotz, L; Kuwert, T et al. (2011) Thyroid hormone receptors and reproduction. J Reprod Immunol. 90:58–66.
 Divers, J.T. (2008). Endocrine Testing in Horses: Metabolic Syndrome and Cushing’s Disease. Equine Vet J. 28 (5): 315-316.
 Doige, C.E.; McLaughlin, B.G. (1981). Hyperplastic Goitre in Newborn Foals in Western Canada. Can. vet. J. 22: 42- 45.
 Durham, A. (2010). The Pharmacologic Basis for the Treatment of Endocrinopathic Laminitis. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 26 (1): 115-128.
 Fazio, E; Medica, P.; Cravana, C.; Messineo, C.; Ferlazzo, A. (2007) Total and free iodothyronine levels of growing Thoroughbred foals: Effects of weaning and gender. Livestock Science. 110 (3): 207–213.
 Fazio, E.; Medica, P.; Cravana, C.; Messineo, C.; Ferlazzo, A. (2007). Total and free iodothyronine levels of growing Thoroughbred foals: Effects of weaning and gender. Department of Morphology, Biochemistry, Physiology and Animal Productions. Livestock Science. 110 (3): 207–213.
 Fitzgerald, B.P.; Davison, L.A. (1998). Thyroxine concentrations are elevated in mares which continue to exhibit estrous cycles during the nonbreeding season. Equine Vet J. 18 (1):48-51.
 Frank, N.; Sojka, J.; Messer, N.T.(2002) Equine thyroid dysfunction. Vet Clin Equine 18: 305–319.
 Frank, N. (2009). Equine Metabolic Syndrome. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 29(5): 239-255.
 Ge´rard, N.; Duchamp, G.; Magistrini, M. (1999). Relationships between follicular fluid composition and follicular /oocyte quality in the mare. Livestock Production Science 60:243–253.
 Geor, R.J. (2008). Metabolic Predispositions to Laminitis in Horses and Ponies: Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndromes. Equine Vet J. 28 (12): 753-759.
 Geor, R.J. (2010). Nutrition and Exercise in the Management of Horses and Ponies at High Risk for Laminitis. Equine Vet J. 30 (9): 463-470.
 Gerlach, T.; Aurich, J.E. (2000). Regulation of seasonal reproductive activity in the stallion, ram and hamster. Anim Reprod Sci. 58:197–213.
 Glover, C.M.; Miller, L.M.; Dybdal, N.O.; Lopez, A. Duckett W.M.; McFarlane, D. (2009). Extrapituitary and Pituitary Pathological Findings in Horses with Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction: A Retrospective Study. Equine Vet J. 29 (39).
 Gray, H. (2000). Anatomy of the human body. 20va (ed.) New York: Bartleby Gϋrbϋz, B.L.; Yalti, S.; Ficicioglu, C.; Tas, S. (2005). The relation of serum and follicular fluid leptin and ovarian steroid levels in response to induction of ovulation in in vitro fertilization cycles. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 118: 214–218.
 Hubert, J.D.; Beadle, R.E.; Norwood, G. (2002). Equine anhidrosis. Vet Clin Equine 18 (2): 355–369.
 Hulbert, A.J. (2000). Thyroid hormones and their effects: a new perspective. Biol. Rev. 75:519-631.
 Hurcombe, S.D. (2011). Hypothalamic-Pituitary gland axis function and disfunction in horses. Vet Clin Equine. 27: 1– 17.
 Hyypp, S. (2005). Endocrinal responses in exercising horses. Livestock Production Science 92: 113–121.
 Johnson, C.A. (2002). Thyroid Issues in Reproduction. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract. 17 (3): 129-132.
 Johnson, P.J.; Messer, N.T.; Slight, H.S.; Wiedmeyer, C.; Buff, P.; Ganjam. V.K. (2004). Endocrinopathic Laminitis in the Horse. Vet Clin Equine. 3 (1): 45-56.
 Kratzsch, J.; Pulzer, F. (2008). Thyroid gland development and defects. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 22 (1): 57–75.
 Lucke, V.M. (1984). Lane JG.C-cell tumours of the thyroid in the horse. Eq Vet J. 16 (1):28–30.
 Malinowski, K.; Christensen, H.D. (1996). Hafs and Scanes C.G. Age and breed differences in thyroid hormones, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF binding proteins in female horses. J Anim Sci. 74: 1936-1942.
 McDermott, M.T.; Ridgway, C.E.(1998). Central hyperthyroidism. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 27 (1): 187-203.
 Medica, P.; Cravana, C.; Fazio, E. D.V.M.; Ferlazzo, A. (2011). 24-hour endocrine profiles of quarter horses under resting conditions. Equine Vet J. 31: 35-40.
 Messer, N.T.; Riddle, T.; Traub-Dargatz J.L.; Dargatz, D.A.; Refsal, K.J.; Thompson, D.L. (1998). Thyroid Hormone Levels in Thoroughbred Mares and Their Foals at Parturition. Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the AAEP. 44: 248-251.
 Nagy, P.; Guillaume, D.; Daels, P. (2000). Seasonality in mares. Anim Reprod Sci 60: 245–262.
 Nicassio, M.; Aiudi, G.; Silvestre, F.; Matarrese, R.; De Sandro, A.S.; Lacalandra, G.M. (2008). Free thyroid hormone and cortisol levels in stallions during the breeding season. J Anim Sci. 107(3-4): 335-336.
 Petersen, A.D.; Schott, C.H. (2005) Cutaneous Markers of Disorders Affecting Adult Horses. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 4 (4):324-338.
 Ramirez, S.; McClure, J.J.; Moore, R.M.; Wolfsheimer, K.J.; Gaunt, S.D.; Mirza M.H. et al (2010). Hyperthyroidism associated with a thyroid adenocarcinoma in a 21-year-old gelding. J Vet Roser, J.F. (2008). Regulation of esticular function in the stallion: An intricate network of endocrine, paracrine and autocrine systems. Anim eprod Sci. 107:179–196.
 Rudi’s, P.; R´onai, Z.; Bartha, T. (2005). Thyroid hormone metabolism in the brain of domestic animals. Domest Anim Endocrinol. 29: 88–96.
 Sisson, S.; Grossman, J.D. (2000). Anatomía de los animales domésticos. 5a ed. Barcelona: Manson. S.A. pp.173-176.
 Slebodzi´nski. Ovarian iodide uptake and triiodothyronine generation in follicular fluid the enigma of the thyroid ovary interaction. Domestic Animal Endocrinol (2005). 29: 97– 103.
 Tahboub, R.; Arafah, B.M. (2009). Sex steroids and the thyroid. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 23 (6): 769– 780.
 Toribio, R.E.; Duckett, W.M. (2004). Equine Internal Medicine 2da ed. Estados Unidos de América: Saunders. pp. 1342-1355.
 Toribio, R.E. (2011). Endocrine Dysregulation in Critically I l l Foals and Horses. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 27 (1):35-47.
 Ueki, H.; Kowatari, Y.; Oyamada, T.; Oikawa, M.; Yoshikawa, H. (2004). Non-functional C-cell Adenoma in Aged Horses. J Comp Pathol 131(2-3):157–165.
 Walsh, D.N.; McGowan, C.M.; McGowan, T.; Lamb, S.V.; Schanbacher, B.J.Place, N.J. (2009). Correlation of Plasma Insulin Concentration with Laminitis Score in a Field Study of Equine Cushing’s Disease and Equine Metabolic Syndrome. Equine Vet J. 29 (2): 87-94.
 Warner, M.H.; Beckett, G.J. (2010). Mechanisms behind the non-thyroidal illness syndrome: an update. J Endocrinol. 205:1–13. Intern Med 12: 475–7.
Núm. 35 , Año 2012 : Julio - Diciembre
https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/lunazul/article/download/1736/1652
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv Luna Azul - 2015
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
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http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv Luna Azul - 2015
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de Caldas
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de Caldas
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/lunazul/article/view/1736
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repository.name.fl_str_mv
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spelling Funcionamiento normal y aumentado de la glándula tiroides en equinosNormal and increased functioning of the thyroid gland in horsesEquinoshormona tiroideametabolismoEquinesthyroid hormonemetabolismObjetivo: Describir y analizar el funcionamiento normal de la glándula tiroides en equinos y los factores que aumentan en ellos los niveles de hormonas tiroideas. Materiales y métodos: Mediante la revisión de la literatura disponible de los últimos 50 años en las bases de datos BBCS-LILACS, fuente académica, IB-PsycINFO, IBSSCI, IB-SciELO, Scopus y Scirus, al igual que artículos históricos, textos y referencias citadas en trabajos publicados. Resultados: la información obtenida relacionada con los objetivos propuestos en la presente revisión, permite clasificar en 4 secciones a saber: síntesis y secreción de hormonas tiroideas; transporte y metabolismo; funciones; hipertiroidismo en los equinos. Conclusión: La glándula tiroides juega un papel importante, como productora de hormonas tiroideas, las cuales son necesarias para la diferenciación celular y crecimiento del organismo. El buen funcionamiento de las vías metabólicas depende de estas hormonas, las que tienen efectos específicos sobre diferentes órganos, manteniendo la homeostasis en todos los tejidos. Abstract Objective: to describe and analyze the normal functioning of the thyroid gland in equines and the factors which increase the thyroid hormone levels. Materials and methods: information from the last 50 years included in the BBCS-LILACS, Fuente Académica, IB-PsycINFO, IB-SSCI, IB-SciELO, Scopus and Scirus, data bases as well as historical articles, texts and references cited in work published to date were analyzed. Results: important information related to the objectives Luna Azul ISSN 1909-2474 No. 35, julio - diciembre 2012 ©Universidad de Caldas 321 proposed in the present review was found and analyzed. It was then divided into two sections as follow: synthesis, liberation and metabolism of thyroid hormones; factors that modify the thyroid hormone levels. Conclusion: the thyroid gland plays an important role producing thyroid hormones which are necessary for cellular differentiation and organic growth. The adequate functioning of metabolic ways depends on these hormones, which have specific effects on different organs maintaining homeostasis between all the tissues.Universidad de Caldas2012-07-01T00:00:00Z2012-07-01T00:00:00Z2012-07-01Artículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleJournal articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1application/pdf0122-53911909-2474https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/lunazul/article/view/1736https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/lunazul/article/view/1736spa33735321Luna AzulAbraham, G.; Allersmeier, M.; Schusser, G.F.; Ungemach, F. R. (2011). Serum thyroid hormone, insulin, glucose, triglycerides and protein concentrations in normal horses: Association with topical dexamethasone usage. Vet J; 188: 307–312. Ahmed, O.M.; El-Gareib, A.W.; El-bakry, A.M.; Abd ElTawab, S.M.; Ahmed R.G. (2008). Thyroid hormones states and brain development interactions. Int. J. Devl Neuroscience 26:147–209. Alberts, M.K.; McCann, J.P.; Woods, P.R. (2001) Hemithyroidectomy in a horse with confirmed hyperthyroidism. J Am Vet Med Assoc 217 (7):1051–4. Baragli, P.; Sgorbini, M.; Casini, L.; Ducci M.; Sighieri C. (2011). Early evidence of the anticipatory response of plasma catecholamine in equine exercise. Equine Vet J. 31:85-88. Barsnick, R.J.; Toribio, R.E. (2011). Endocrinology of the equine neonate energy metabolism in health and critical illness. Vet Clin Equine. 27: 49–58. Beck-Peccoz, P.; Persani, L.; Mannavola, D.; Campi, I. (2009). TSH-secreting adenomas. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 23: 597-606. Blomme, E.A.; Sugimoto, Y.; Lin Y.C.; Capen, C.C.; Rosol, T.J. (1999). Parathyroid hormone-related protein is a positive regulator of keratinocyte growth factor expression by normal dermal fibroblasts. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 152:189– 197. Breuhaus, B.A. (2011). Disorders of the Equine Thyroid Gland. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 27 (1):115-128. Buff, P.R.; Messer, N.T.; Cogswell, A.M.; Johnson, P.J.; Keisler, D.H.; Ganjama V.K. (2007) Seasonal and pulsatile dynamics of thyrotropin and leptin in mares maintained under a constant energy balance. Domestic Animal Endocrinol. 33: 430–436. Christensen, R.A.; Malinowski, K.; Massenzio, A.M.; Hafs, H.D.; Scanes, C.G. (1997). Acute effects of short-term feed deprivation and refeeding on circulating concentrations of metabolites, insulin-like growth factor i, insulin-like growth factor binding proteins, somatotropin, and thyroid hormones in adult geldings. J Anim Sci. 75:1351-1358. Cianchetta, S.; Bernardo, J.; Romeo, G.; Rhoden, K.J. (2010). Perchlorate transport and inhibition of the sodium iodide symporter measured with the yellow fluorescent protein variant YFP-H148Q/I152L. Toxicol Appl harmacol. 243: 372–380. Clutterbuck, A.L.; Harris, P.; Allaway, D.; Mobasheri, A; (2010). Matrix metalloproteinases in inflammatory pathologies of the horse. Vet J. 183: 27–38. Crockford, S.J. (2003). Thyroid rhythm phenotypes and hominid evolution: a new paradigm implicates pulsatile hormone secretion in speciation and adaptation changes. Comp Biochem Physiol AMol Integr Physiol. 135: 105–129. Dittrich, R.; Beckmann, M.W.; Oppelt, P.G.; Hoffmann, I; Lotz, L; Kuwert, T et al. (2011) Thyroid hormone receptors and reproduction. J Reprod Immunol. 90:58–66. Divers, J.T. (2008). Endocrine Testing in Horses: Metabolic Syndrome and Cushing’s Disease. Equine Vet J. 28 (5): 315-316. Doige, C.E.; McLaughlin, B.G. (1981). Hyperplastic Goitre in Newborn Foals in Western Canada. Can. vet. J. 22: 42- 45. Durham, A. (2010). The Pharmacologic Basis for the Treatment of Endocrinopathic Laminitis. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 26 (1): 115-128. Fazio, E; Medica, P.; Cravana, C.; Messineo, C.; Ferlazzo, A. (2007) Total and free iodothyronine levels of growing Thoroughbred foals: Effects of weaning and gender. Livestock Science. 110 (3): 207–213. Fazio, E.; Medica, P.; Cravana, C.; Messineo, C.; Ferlazzo, A. (2007). Total and free iodothyronine levels of growing Thoroughbred foals: Effects of weaning and gender. Department of Morphology, Biochemistry, Physiology and Animal Productions. Livestock Science. 110 (3): 207–213. Fitzgerald, B.P.; Davison, L.A. (1998). Thyroxine concentrations are elevated in mares which continue to exhibit estrous cycles during the nonbreeding season. Equine Vet J. 18 (1):48-51. Frank, N.; Sojka, J.; Messer, N.T.(2002) Equine thyroid dysfunction. Vet Clin Equine 18: 305–319. Frank, N. (2009). Equine Metabolic Syndrome. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 29(5): 239-255. Ge´rard, N.; Duchamp, G.; Magistrini, M. (1999). Relationships between follicular fluid composition and follicular /oocyte quality in the mare. Livestock Production Science 60:243–253. Geor, R.J. (2008). Metabolic Predispositions to Laminitis in Horses and Ponies: Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndromes. Equine Vet J. 28 (12): 753-759. Geor, R.J. (2010). Nutrition and Exercise in the Management of Horses and Ponies at High Risk for Laminitis. Equine Vet J. 30 (9): 463-470. Gerlach, T.; Aurich, J.E. (2000). Regulation of seasonal reproductive activity in the stallion, ram and hamster. Anim Reprod Sci. 58:197–213. Glover, C.M.; Miller, L.M.; Dybdal, N.O.; Lopez, A. Duckett W.M.; McFarlane, D. (2009). Extrapituitary and Pituitary Pathological Findings in Horses with Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction: A Retrospective Study. Equine Vet J. 29 (39). Gray, H. (2000). Anatomy of the human body. 20va (ed.) New York: Bartleby Gϋrbϋz, B.L.; Yalti, S.; Ficicioglu, C.; Tas, S. (2005). The relation of serum and follicular fluid leptin and ovarian steroid levels in response to induction of ovulation in in vitro fertilization cycles. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 118: 214–218. Hubert, J.D.; Beadle, R.E.; Norwood, G. (2002). Equine anhidrosis. Vet Clin Equine 18 (2): 355–369. Hulbert, A.J. (2000). Thyroid hormones and their effects: a new perspective. Biol. Rev. 75:519-631. Hurcombe, S.D. (2011). Hypothalamic-Pituitary gland axis function and disfunction in horses. Vet Clin Equine. 27: 1– 17. Hyypp, S. (2005). Endocrinal responses in exercising horses. Livestock Production Science 92: 113–121. Johnson, C.A. (2002). Thyroid Issues in Reproduction. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract. 17 (3): 129-132. Johnson, P.J.; Messer, N.T.; Slight, H.S.; Wiedmeyer, C.; Buff, P.; Ganjam. V.K. (2004). Endocrinopathic Laminitis in the Horse. Vet Clin Equine. 3 (1): 45-56. Kratzsch, J.; Pulzer, F. (2008). Thyroid gland development and defects. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 22 (1): 57–75. Lucke, V.M. (1984). Lane JG.C-cell tumours of the thyroid in the horse. Eq Vet J. 16 (1):28–30. Malinowski, K.; Christensen, H.D. (1996). Hafs and Scanes C.G. Age and breed differences in thyroid hormones, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF binding proteins in female horses. J Anim Sci. 74: 1936-1942. McDermott, M.T.; Ridgway, C.E.(1998). Central hyperthyroidism. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 27 (1): 187-203. Medica, P.; Cravana, C.; Fazio, E. D.V.M.; Ferlazzo, A. (2011). 24-hour endocrine profiles of quarter horses under resting conditions. Equine Vet J. 31: 35-40. Messer, N.T.; Riddle, T.; Traub-Dargatz J.L.; Dargatz, D.A.; Refsal, K.J.; Thompson, D.L. (1998). Thyroid Hormone Levels in Thoroughbred Mares and Their Foals at Parturition. Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the AAEP. 44: 248-251. Nagy, P.; Guillaume, D.; Daels, P. (2000). Seasonality in mares. 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