Integrated ecological modelling for decision support and risk assessment in river water quality management

Modelling is an effective tool to investigate or to predict the ecological state of water resources and the response to natural driving variables or anthropogenic pressures. Model integration is required to perform comprehensive evaluations which would be impossible when analysing each individual co...

Full description

Autores:
Holguin Gonzalez, Javier Ernesto
Boets, Pieter
Everaert, Gert
Goethals, Peter
Galvis Castaño, Alberto
Tipo de recurso:
Part of book
Fecha de publicación:
2016
Institución:
Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
Repositorio:
RED: Repositorio Educativo Digital UAO
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/13545
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/10614/13545
Palabra clave:
Calidad del agua
Ríos
Water quality
Rivers
Integrated ecological modelling and risk assessment
IEMF
Rights
openAccess
License
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
id REPOUAO2_fe747778038a6e7a6c4bdcf997b552c6
oai_identifier_str oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/13545
network_acronym_str REPOUAO2
network_name_str RED: Repositorio Educativo Digital UAO
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Integrated ecological modelling for decision support and risk assessment in river water quality management
title Integrated ecological modelling for decision support and risk assessment in river water quality management
spellingShingle Integrated ecological modelling for decision support and risk assessment in river water quality management
Calidad del agua
Ríos
Water quality
Rivers
Integrated ecological modelling and risk assessment
IEMF
title_short Integrated ecological modelling for decision support and risk assessment in river water quality management
title_full Integrated ecological modelling for decision support and risk assessment in river water quality management
title_fullStr Integrated ecological modelling for decision support and risk assessment in river water quality management
title_full_unstemmed Integrated ecological modelling for decision support and risk assessment in river water quality management
title_sort Integrated ecological modelling for decision support and risk assessment in river water quality management
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Holguin Gonzalez, Javier Ernesto
Boets, Pieter
Everaert, Gert
Goethals, Peter
Galvis Castaño, Alberto
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Holguin Gonzalez, Javier Ernesto
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Boets, Pieter
Everaert, Gert
Goethals, Peter
Galvis Castaño, Alberto
dc.contributor.corporatename.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
dc.subject.armarc.spa.fl_str_mv Calidad del agua
Ríos
topic Calidad del agua
Ríos
Water quality
Rivers
Integrated ecological modelling and risk assessment
IEMF
dc.subject.armarc.eng.fl_str_mv Water quality
Rivers
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Integrated ecological modelling and risk assessment
IEMF
description Modelling is an effective tool to investigate or to predict the ecological state of water resources and the response to natural driving variables or anthropogenic pressures. Model integration is required to perform comprehensive evaluations which would be impossible when analysing each individual component of the system separately. Current practice in model integration does not consider the simultaneous effect of hydromorphological disturbances and physicochemical pollution on the river ecology. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and to evaluate an integrated ecological modelling framework for decision support and risk assessment in river management. This framework is called the Integrated Ecological Modelling Framework (IEMF). The IEMF has four basic modelling components: (1) a model characterising the processes of wastewater treatment plants; (2) a river water quantity model; (3) a physicochemical river water quality model and; (4) a river ecological model. The IEMF was tested and validated in three case studies considering rivers in Colombia, Ecuador and Croatia. The IEMF assists the water quality managers (authorities): (1) by calculating the effect of future investments in sanitation infrastructures and river restoration actions on aquatic ecosystems and by supporting the selection of the most sustainable options; (2) by predicting and assessing the achievement of predefined ecological water quality objectives
publishDate 2016
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2016
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-01-17T15:17:12Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-01-17T15:17:12Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Capítulo - Parte de Libro
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.coar.eng.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_3248
dc.type.content.eng.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.eng.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
dc.type.redcol.eng.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/CAP_LIB
dc.type.version.eng.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_3248
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.isbn.none.fl_str_mv 9789587652871
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10614/13545
identifier_str_mv 9789587652871
url https://hdl.handle.net/10614/13545
dc.language.iso.eng.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 12
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 1
dc.relation.cites.eng.fl_str_mv Holguín González, E. J., Boets, P., Everaert, G., Galvis, A., Goethals, P.L.M . (2016). Integrated ecological modelling for decision support and risk assessment in river water quality management. Universidad del Valle. Manejo del riesgo en la gestión del agua. Retos ante los riesgos ambientales en el ciclo del agua, justicia ambiental y conflictos, pp. 1-12.
dc.relation.ispartofbook.spa.fl_str_mv Manejo del riesgo en la gestión del agua. Retos ante los riesgos ambientales en el ciclo del agua, justicia ambiental y conflictos
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv Boets, P., Pauwels, I.S., Lock, K., Goethals, P.L.M. (in press). Using an integrated modelling approach for risk assessment of the 'killer shrimp' Dikerogammarus villosus. River Research and Applications, doi: 10.1002/rra.2658.
Breiman, L., Friedman, J.H., Olshen, R.A., Stone, C.J. (1984). Classification and regression trees. Wadsworth International: Belmont, p. 358.
Carrasco, M.C. (2008). Biotic integrity and its application, a proposal for the management of the rivers Tomebamba and Yanuncay in Cuenca, Ecuador. Master thesis, Faculty of Natural sciences. Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, México.
De Pauw, N., Hawkes, H.A. (1993). Biological monitoring of river water quality. In: Walley, W.J. & Judd, S. (eds.). River water quality monitoring and control. Aston University, Birmingham, UK. p. 87-111.
DHI - Danish Hidraulic Institute (1999). MIKE 11 a modelling system for rivers and channel, short description, guide to getting started, tutorial. DHI—Water and Development, Horsholm, Denmark.
Gabriels, W., Lock K., De Pauw, N., Goethals P.L.M. (2010). Multimetric Macroinvertebrate Index Flanders (MMIF) for biological assessment of rivers and lakes in Flanders (Belgium), Journal of Limnology 40, 199–207.
Goethals P.L.M. (2005). Data driven development of predictive ecological models for benthic macroinvertebrates in rivers. Doctoral Thesis in Applied Biological Sciences. Ghent University. Gent, Belgium.
Henze M., Gujer W., Mino T., van Loosdrecht M. (2000). Activated sludge models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2D and ASM3. Scientific and technical report No. 9, IWA Publishing, London, UK. Vol 9 (1), p. 121.
Holguin-Gonzalez, J.E., Everaert, G., Boets, P., Galvis, A., Goethals, P.L.M. (2013a). Development and application of an integrated ecological modelling framework to analyze the impact of wastewater discharges on the ecological water quality of rivers. Environmental Modelling and Software 48, 27–36.
Holguin-Gonzalez, J.E., Boets, P., Alvarado, A., Cisneros, F., Carrasco, M.C., Wyseure G., Nopens, I., Goethals, P.L.M (2013b). Integrating hydraulic, physicochemical and ecological models to assess the effectiveness of water quality management strategies for the River Cuenca in Ecuador. Ecological Modelling 254, 1– 14.
Holguin-Gonzalez, J.E., Boets, P., Everaert, G., Pauwels, I.S., Lock, K., Gobeyn, S., Benedetti, L., Amerlinck, Y., Nopens, I., Goethals, P.L.M. (submitted). Development and assessment of an integrated ecological modelling framework for decision support in water management. Water Resources Management.
Kraft, Dietmar (2011). Model Integration: Application in Ecology and for Management. In: Jopp, F., Reuter, H., Breckling, B., (eds), Modelling complex ecological dynamics, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 301-320.
Lam, D., Leon, L., Hamilton, S., Crookshank N., Bonin D., Swayne D. (2004). Multi-model integration in a decision support system: a technical user interface approach for watershed and lake management scenarios. Environmental Modelling & Software 19, 317–324.
Pauwels, I.S., Everaert, G., Goethals, P.L.M. (2010). Integrated river assessment by coupling water quality and ecological assessment models. In: Swayne, D.A., Yang, W., Voinov, A.A., Rizzoli, A., Filatova, T. (Eds.), 5th Biennial meeting of the Intern. Congr. on Environ. Model. and Softw. (iEMSs 2010): Modelling for environment's sake, Intern. Environ. Model. and Softw. Society (iEMSs) Ottawa, ON, Canada. http://www.iemss.org/iemss2010/Volume1.pdf, 876-884.
Pelletier, G.J., Chapra, C.S., Tao, H. (2006). QUAL2Kw, A framework for modeling water quality in streams and rivers using a genetic algorithm for calibration. Environmental Modelling & Software 21, 419-4125.
Quinlan, J.R. (1992). Learning with continuous Classes. In 5th Australian Joint Conference on Articial Intelligence, 343-348.
Reichert, P., Borchardt D., Henze M., Rauch W., Reichert P., Somlyódy L., Vanrolleghem P.A. (2001). River Water Quality Model No.1: II. Biochemical process equations. Water Science and Technology 43 (5), 11-30.
van Griensven A, Breuer, L., Di Luzio, M., Vandenberghe, V., Goethals, P., Meixner, T., Arnold, J., Srinivasan R. (2006). Environmental and ecological hydroinformatics to support the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive for river basin management. Journal of Hydroinformatics 8 (4), 239–252.
Vanhooren, H., Meirlaen, J., Amerlinck Y., Claeys, F., Vangheluwe H., Vanrolleghem, P.A. (2003). WEST: modelling biological wastewater treatment. Journal of Hydroinformatics 5, 27-50.
Vayssières, M., Plant, R., Allen-Diaz, B. (2000). Classification trees: An alternative non-parametric approach for predicting species distributions. Journal of Vegetation Science 11 (5), 679-694.
Verbyla, D.L., Litvaitis, J.A. (1989). Resampling methods for evaluating classification accuracy of wildlife habitat models. Environmental Management 13, 783–787.
Wang, Y., Witten, I.H. (1997). Induction of model trees for predicting continuous classes. In poster and papers of the 9th European Conference on Machine Learning. Springer.
Witten, I.H., Frank, E., Hall, M.A., (2011). Data mining: practical machine learning tools and techniques, third edition, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco.
Zúñiga, M.C., Cardona, W. (2009). Water quality and environmental flow bioindicators, (in Spanish). In: Cantera, J., Carvajal, Y., L., Castro, L. (Eds.) Environmental flow: Concepts, experiences and challenges, Ed. Del Valle University, Cali, Colombia, pp. 167-198.
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.uri.eng.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.eng.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.creativecommons.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 12 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
institution Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/ff341299-0460-45b2-bfb7-0012c41275a6/download
https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/6077fd54-4354-41ec-a2c4-05be5c68a64b/download
https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/72bd2d11-7dc1-40d3-9d91-be8f8245d597/download
https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/e4183cf5-d041-4ed1-a90f-3f60197921fa/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 20b5ba22b1117f71589c7318baa2c560
a2e21c2eed2c1248f36db8238ecfb4d2
8fa8a998e02540ded5a0b71547b2d656
66902f314cef6980342736d58358f467
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Digital Universidad Autonoma de Occidente
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositorio@uao.edu.co
_version_ 1814259864386404352
spelling Holguin Gonzalez, Javier Ernestovirtual::2336-1Boets, Pieterca62eb4b1643095da4845335e8ca1cb0Everaert, Gert2156c865237692d79b1888aef0a2c3faGoethals, Peterd0bff328c165a30a4625f8b4ed68c31fGalvis Castaño, Alberto5adf32f5ff2f0ffd1a2de2c271929ee7Universidad Autónoma de Occidente2022-01-17T15:17:12Z2022-01-17T15:17:12Z20169789587652871https://hdl.handle.net/10614/13545Modelling is an effective tool to investigate or to predict the ecological state of water resources and the response to natural driving variables or anthropogenic pressures. Model integration is required to perform comprehensive evaluations which would be impossible when analysing each individual component of the system separately. Current practice in model integration does not consider the simultaneous effect of hydromorphological disturbances and physicochemical pollution on the river ecology. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and to evaluate an integrated ecological modelling framework for decision support and risk assessment in river management. This framework is called the Integrated Ecological Modelling Framework (IEMF). The IEMF has four basic modelling components: (1) a model characterising the processes of wastewater treatment plants; (2) a river water quantity model; (3) a physicochemical river water quality model and; (4) a river ecological model. The IEMF was tested and validated in three case studies considering rivers in Colombia, Ecuador and Croatia. The IEMF assists the water quality managers (authorities): (1) by calculating the effect of future investments in sanitation infrastructures and river restoration actions on aquatic ecosystems and by supporting the selection of the most sustainable options; (2) by predicting and assessing the achievement of predefined ecological water quality objectives12 páginasapplication/pdfenghttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Integrated ecological modelling for decision support and risk assessment in river water quality managementCapítulo - Parte de Librohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_3248Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bookParthttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/CAP_LIBinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Calidad del aguaRíosWater qualityRiversIntegrated ecological modelling and risk assessmentIEMF121Holguín González, E. J., Boets, P., Everaert, G., Galvis, A., Goethals, P.L.M . (2016). Integrated ecological modelling for decision support and risk assessment in river water quality management. Universidad del Valle. Manejo del riesgo en la gestión del agua. Retos ante los riesgos ambientales en el ciclo del agua, justicia ambiental y conflictos, pp. 1-12.Manejo del riesgo en la gestión del agua. Retos ante los riesgos ambientales en el ciclo del agua, justicia ambiental y conflictosBoets, P., Pauwels, I.S., Lock, K., Goethals, P.L.M. (in press). Using an integrated modelling approach for risk assessment of the 'killer shrimp' Dikerogammarus villosus. River Research and Applications, doi: 10.1002/rra.2658.Breiman, L., Friedman, J.H., Olshen, R.A., Stone, C.J. (1984). Classification and regression trees. Wadsworth International: Belmont, p. 358.Carrasco, M.C. (2008). Biotic integrity and its application, a proposal for the management of the rivers Tomebamba and Yanuncay in Cuenca, Ecuador. Master thesis, Faculty of Natural sciences. Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, México.De Pauw, N., Hawkes, H.A. (1993). Biological monitoring of river water quality. In: Walley, W.J. & Judd, S. (eds.). River water quality monitoring and control. Aston University, Birmingham, UK. p. 87-111.DHI - Danish Hidraulic Institute (1999). MIKE 11 a modelling system for rivers and channel, short description, guide to getting started, tutorial. DHI—Water and Development, Horsholm, Denmark.Gabriels, W., Lock K., De Pauw, N., Goethals P.L.M. (2010). Multimetric Macroinvertebrate Index Flanders (MMIF) for biological assessment of rivers and lakes in Flanders (Belgium), Journal of Limnology 40, 199–207.Goethals P.L.M. (2005). Data driven development of predictive ecological models for benthic macroinvertebrates in rivers. Doctoral Thesis in Applied Biological Sciences. Ghent University. Gent, Belgium.Henze M., Gujer W., Mino T., van Loosdrecht M. (2000). Activated sludge models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2D and ASM3. Scientific and technical report No. 9, IWA Publishing, London, UK. Vol 9 (1), p. 121.Holguin-Gonzalez, J.E., Everaert, G., Boets, P., Galvis, A., Goethals, P.L.M. (2013a). Development and application of an integrated ecological modelling framework to analyze the impact of wastewater discharges on the ecological water quality of rivers. Environmental Modelling and Software 48, 27–36.Holguin-Gonzalez, J.E., Boets, P., Alvarado, A., Cisneros, F., Carrasco, M.C., Wyseure G., Nopens, I., Goethals, P.L.M (2013b). Integrating hydraulic, physicochemical and ecological models to assess the effectiveness of water quality management strategies for the River Cuenca in Ecuador. Ecological Modelling 254, 1– 14.Holguin-Gonzalez, J.E., Boets, P., Everaert, G., Pauwels, I.S., Lock, K., Gobeyn, S., Benedetti, L., Amerlinck, Y., Nopens, I., Goethals, P.L.M. (submitted). Development and assessment of an integrated ecological modelling framework for decision support in water management. Water Resources Management.Kraft, Dietmar (2011). Model Integration: Application in Ecology and for Management. In: Jopp, F., Reuter, H., Breckling, B., (eds), Modelling complex ecological dynamics, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 301-320.Lam, D., Leon, L., Hamilton, S., Crookshank N., Bonin D., Swayne D. (2004). Multi-model integration in a decision support system: a technical user interface approach for watershed and lake management scenarios. Environmental Modelling & Software 19, 317–324.Pauwels, I.S., Everaert, G., Goethals, P.L.M. (2010). Integrated river assessment by coupling water quality and ecological assessment models. In: Swayne, D.A., Yang, W., Voinov, A.A., Rizzoli, A., Filatova, T. (Eds.), 5th Biennial meeting of the Intern. Congr. on Environ. Model. and Softw. (iEMSs 2010): Modelling for environment's sake, Intern. Environ. Model. and Softw. Society (iEMSs) Ottawa, ON, Canada. http://www.iemss.org/iemss2010/Volume1.pdf, 876-884.Pelletier, G.J., Chapra, C.S., Tao, H. (2006). QUAL2Kw, A framework for modeling water quality in streams and rivers using a genetic algorithm for calibration. Environmental Modelling & Software 21, 419-4125.Quinlan, J.R. (1992). Learning with continuous Classes. In 5th Australian Joint Conference on Articial Intelligence, 343-348.Reichert, P., Borchardt D., Henze M., Rauch W., Reichert P., Somlyódy L., Vanrolleghem P.A. (2001). River Water Quality Model No.1: II. Biochemical process equations. Water Science and Technology 43 (5), 11-30.van Griensven A, Breuer, L., Di Luzio, M., Vandenberghe, V., Goethals, P., Meixner, T., Arnold, J., Srinivasan R. (2006). Environmental and ecological hydroinformatics to support the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive for river basin management. Journal of Hydroinformatics 8 (4), 239–252.Vanhooren, H., Meirlaen, J., Amerlinck Y., Claeys, F., Vangheluwe H., Vanrolleghem, P.A. (2003). WEST: modelling biological wastewater treatment. Journal of Hydroinformatics 5, 27-50.Vayssières, M., Plant, R., Allen-Diaz, B. (2000). Classification trees: An alternative non-parametric approach for predicting species distributions. Journal of Vegetation Science 11 (5), 679-694.Verbyla, D.L., Litvaitis, J.A. (1989). Resampling methods for evaluating classification accuracy of wildlife habitat models. Environmental Management 13, 783–787.Wang, Y., Witten, I.H. (1997). Induction of model trees for predicting continuous classes. In poster and papers of the 9th European Conference on Machine Learning. Springer.Witten, I.H., Frank, E., Hall, M.A., (2011). Data mining: practical machine learning tools and techniques, third edition, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco.Zúñiga, M.C., Cardona, W. (2009). Water quality and environmental flow bioindicators, (in Spanish). In: Cantera, J., Carvajal, Y., L., Castro, L. (Eds.) Environmental flow: Concepts, experiences and challenges, Ed. Del Valle University, Cali, Colombia, pp. 167-198.Comunidad en generalPublicationfca751bd-8d1e-4f05-88e4-aa1856a4e9a9virtual::2336-1fca751bd-8d1e-4f05-88e4-aa1856a4e9a9virtual::2336-1https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rq0x3Y0AAAAJ&hl=envirtual::2336-10000-0002-1875-8245virtual::2336-1https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000521701virtual::2336-1LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81665https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/ff341299-0460-45b2-bfb7-0012c41275a6/download20b5ba22b1117f71589c7318baa2c560MD54ORIGINALIntegrated ecological modelling for decision support and risk assessment in river water quality management.pdfIntegrated ecological modelling for decision support and risk assessment in river water quality management.pdfTexto archivo completo del capítulo del libro, PDFapplication/pdf404169https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/6077fd54-4354-41ec-a2c4-05be5c68a64b/downloada2e21c2eed2c1248f36db8238ecfb4d2MD55TEXTIntegrated ecological modelling for decision support and risk assessment in river water quality management.pdf.txtIntegrated ecological modelling for decision support and risk assessment in river water quality management.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain32239https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/72bd2d11-7dc1-40d3-9d91-be8f8245d597/download8fa8a998e02540ded5a0b71547b2d656MD56THUMBNAILIntegrated ecological modelling for decision support and risk assessment in river water quality management.pdf.jpgIntegrated ecological modelling for decision support and risk assessment in river water quality management.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg15934https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/e4183cf5-d041-4ed1-a90f-3f60197921fa/download66902f314cef6980342736d58358f467MD5710614/13545oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/135452024-03-20 14:07:31.06https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/open.accesshttps://red.uao.edu.coRepositorio Digital Universidad Autonoma de Occidenterepositorio@uao.edu.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

Publicaciones similares