Mossbauer and XRD characterization of the effect of heat treatment and the tribological test on the physical and mechanical properties of a Fe-Mn-Al-C alloy

In this study, a Fe-29.0Mn-6.0Al–0.9C-1.8Mo-1.6Si-0.4Cu (Wt. %) alloy was prepared in an induction furnace. The as-cast sample was submitted to homogenization at 1050 ◦C over 8 hours, which was followed by quenching, and an aging heat treatment at 500 ◦C for 12 h.Wear tests were performed by using a...

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Autores:
Ramos, Jorge
Sánchez, H
Pérez Alcázar, German Antonio
Piamba Jiménez, Jeferson Fernando
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2017
Institución:
Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
Repositorio:
RED: Repositorio Educativo Digital UAO
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/11217
Acceso en línea:
http://hdl.handle.net/10614/11217
Palabra clave:
Tratamiento térmico de los metales
Espectroscopía de Mossbauer
Mossbauer spectroscopy
Metals - Heat treatment
Fermanal steels
Heat treatment
XRD
Mossbauer spectrometry
Tribology
Rights
openAccess
License
Derechos Reservados - Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
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network_acronym_str REPOUAO2
network_name_str RED: Repositorio Educativo Digital UAO
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Mossbauer and XRD characterization of the effect of heat treatment and the tribological test on the physical and mechanical properties of a Fe-Mn-Al-C alloy
title Mossbauer and XRD characterization of the effect of heat treatment and the tribological test on the physical and mechanical properties of a Fe-Mn-Al-C alloy
spellingShingle Mossbauer and XRD characterization of the effect of heat treatment and the tribological test on the physical and mechanical properties of a Fe-Mn-Al-C alloy
Tratamiento térmico de los metales
Espectroscopía de Mossbauer
Mossbauer spectroscopy
Metals - Heat treatment
Fermanal steels
Heat treatment
XRD
Mossbauer spectrometry
Tribology
title_short Mossbauer and XRD characterization of the effect of heat treatment and the tribological test on the physical and mechanical properties of a Fe-Mn-Al-C alloy
title_full Mossbauer and XRD characterization of the effect of heat treatment and the tribological test on the physical and mechanical properties of a Fe-Mn-Al-C alloy
title_fullStr Mossbauer and XRD characterization of the effect of heat treatment and the tribological test on the physical and mechanical properties of a Fe-Mn-Al-C alloy
title_full_unstemmed Mossbauer and XRD characterization of the effect of heat treatment and the tribological test on the physical and mechanical properties of a Fe-Mn-Al-C alloy
title_sort Mossbauer and XRD characterization of the effect of heat treatment and the tribological test on the physical and mechanical properties of a Fe-Mn-Al-C alloy
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Ramos, Jorge
Sánchez, H
Pérez Alcázar, German Antonio
Piamba Jiménez, Jeferson Fernando
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Ramos, Jorge
Sánchez, H
Pérez Alcázar, German Antonio
Piamba Jiménez, Jeferson Fernando
dc.subject.armarc.spa.fl_str_mv Tratamiento térmico de los metales
Espectroscopía de Mossbauer
Mossbauer spectroscopy
topic Tratamiento térmico de los metales
Espectroscopía de Mossbauer
Mossbauer spectroscopy
Metals - Heat treatment
Fermanal steels
Heat treatment
XRD
Mossbauer spectrometry
Tribology
dc.subject.armarc.eng.fl_str_mv Metals - Heat treatment
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Fermanal steels
Heat treatment
XRD
Mossbauer spectrometry
Tribology
description In this study, a Fe-29.0Mn-6.0Al–0.9C-1.8Mo-1.6Si-0.4Cu (Wt. %) alloy was prepared in an induction furnace. The as-cast sample was submitted to homogenization at 1050 ◦C over 8 hours, which was followed by quenching, and an aging heat treatment at 500 ◦C for 12 h.Wear tests were performed by using a Pin on Disk Tribometer (ASTM G99) at room temperature to evaluate the mass loss. Optical Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, and Transmission Mossbauer Spectroscopy were used to characterize the microstructure and structural properties of the samples. The obtained microstructure of the heat-treated samples was of the austenitic type, and their XRD patterns were refined with the lines of the austenite, martensite, galaxite, and FeO structures. M¨ossbauer spectra of powders, obtained from the surface of the samples, showed the presence of a broad doublet, which corresponded to the disordered austenite; and a small hyperfine magnetic field distribution associated with the disordered and ferromagnetic martensite. After the tribology test, the surface of the sample was examined, and it was obderved that the austenite, martensite, and galaxite phases were present. The martensite quantity increased and, those of galaxite and austenite decreased, but that of austenite appeared to have larger lattice parameter. The decrease in the galaxite content was a direct consequence of the wear test, which removed matter from the sample surface. The appearance of additional martensite was due to the transformation of the austenite by mechanical work. The additional presence of a new austenite with a bigger lattice parameter and of the Fe oxide was the consequence of the heating process of the sample during the tribological test. The Mossbauer spectrum of this sample confirms the increase of the martensite content. The mechanical properties increased with the heat treatment
publishDate 2017
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2017-05-04
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2019-10-16T13:32:20Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2019-10-16T13:32:20Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 1572-9540 (en línea)
0304-3843 (impresa)
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10614/11217
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.1007/s10751-017-1425-7
identifier_str_mv 1572-9540 (en línea)
0304-3843 (impresa)
10.1007/s10751-017-1425-7
url http://hdl.handle.net/10614/11217
dc.language.iso.eng.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.eng.fl_str_mv Hyperfine Interactions, volumen 238, páginas 1-8, (may, 2017)
dc.relation.citationissue.none.fl_str_mv 55
dc.relation.citationvolume.none.fl_str_mv 238
dc.relation.cites.spa.fl_str_mv Ramos, J., Piamba, J. F., Sanchez, H., & Alcazar, G. P. (2017). Mössbauer and XRD characterization of the effect of heat treatment and the tribological test on the physical and mechanical properties of a Fe-Mn-Al-C alloy. Hyperfine Interactions, 238(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10751-017-1425-7
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.eng.fl_str_mv Hyperfine Interact
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv 1. Chung, K., Ahn, K., Yoo, D.H., Chung, K.H., Seo, M.H., Park, S.H.: Formability of TWIP (twinning induced plasticity) automotive sheets . Int. J. Plast. 27(1), 52 (2011)
2. Kayak, G.L.: Fe-Mn-Al precipitation-hardening austenitic alloys. Met. Sci. Heat Treat. 11(2), 95 (1969)
3. Schmatz, D.J.: Structure and properties of austenitic alloys containing aluminum and silicon. Trans. ASM 52, 898 (1960)
4. Altstetter, C.J., Bentley, A.P., Fourie, J.W., Kirkbride, A.N.: Processing and properties of Fe-Mn-Al alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng. 82, 13 (1986)
5. Rama Rao, P., Kutumbarao, V.V.: Development in austenitic steels containing manganese. Int. Mater. Rev. 34(2), 69 (1989)
6. Bueno, L.O., Sordi, V.L.: Mater. Sci. Eng. A 498, 483–484 (2008)
7. Rodriguez, V.F., Perez Alcazar, G.A., Gracia, M., Marco, J.F., Gancedo, J.R.: Oral presentation. In: Latin American Conference on the Applications of the Mossbauer (Lacame, 2002), Panama City, Panama (2002)
8. P´erez Alc´azar, G.A.: Propiedades estructurales y magnticas de aceros Fe-Mn-Al, ”Fermanal”. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 28(107), 265 (2004)
9. Astudillo, P.C., Soriano, A.F., Ramos, J., Barona, G.M., S´anchez, H., Dur´an, J.F., P´erez Alc´azar, G.A.: Submmited to this journal
10. Jackson, P.R.S.,Wallwork, G.R.: High temperature oxidation of iron-manganes-Aluminum based alloys. Oxid. Met. 21, 135 (1984)
11. Agudelo, A.C., Marco, J.F., Gancedo, J.R., P´erez Alc´azar, G.A.: Fe-Mn-Al-C Alloys: a Study of Their Corrosion Behaviour in SO2 Environments. Hyperfine Interact. 139(/140), 141 (2002)
12. Tjong, S.C., Zhu, S.M.: Microstructural aspect of the scale formed on FeMnAl and FeMnAlCr alloys in SO2/O2 atmospheres at elevated temperatures. Mater. Trans. JIM 38(2), 112 (1997)
13. Hwang, K.H., Wan, C.M., Byrne, J.G.: Mechanical behavior and martensitic transformation of an FeMnSiAlNb alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 132, 161 (1991)
14. Cheng,W.C., Liu, C.F., Lai, Y.F.: Observing the D03 phase in FeMnAl alloys. Scr. Mater. 48, 295 (2003)
15. Choo, W.K., Kim, J.H., Yoon, J.C.: Acta Mater. 45(12), 4877 (1997)
16. Ramos, J., Piamba, J.F., S´anchez, H., P´erez Alc´azar, G.A.: M¨ossbauer and XRD characterization of the phase transformations in a Fe-Mn-Al-C-Mo-Si-Cu as cast alloy during tribology test. Hyperfine Interact. 232, 119 (2015)
17. Zuidema, B.K., Subramanyam, D.K., Leslie, W.C.: The effect of aluminum on the work hardening and wear resistance of hadfield manganese steel. Met. Trans. A 18(9), 1629 (1987)
18. Huang, H.H., Chuang, T.H.: Erosion- and wear-corrosion behavior of FeMnAl alloys in NaCl solution. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 292(1), 90 (2000)
19. Larson, A.C., Von Dreele, R.B.: General structure analysis system GSAS, Los Alamos National Laboratory Report No. LAUR 86–748 (2004)
20. Varret, F., Teillet, J.: Unpublished MOSFIT program
21. Essene, E.J., Peacor, D.R.: Crystal chemistry and petrology of coexisting galaxite and jacobsite and other spinel solutions and solvi. Am. Mineral. 68, 449 (1983)
22. Bluncson, G.R., Thompson, G.K., Evans, B.J.: 57Fe Mssbauer investigation of manganese contained spinels. Hyperfine Interact. 90(1-4), 353 (1994)
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv Derechos Reservados - Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
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dc.coverage.spatial.none.fl_str_mv Universidad Autónoma de Occidente. Calle 25 115-85. Km 2 vía Cali-Jamundí
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institution Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
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spelling Ramos, Jorgevirtual::4300-1Sánchez, H293a8d60faaf69d6422e19d56e944ed8Pérez Alcázar, German Antoniod08eab27f2f02ab376dbdd6b752d2328Piamba Jiménez, Jeferson Fernando2da0b9549ea5949816336c9bb6826ccfUniversidad Autónoma de Occidente. Calle 25 115-85. Km 2 vía Cali-Jamundí2019-10-16T13:32:20Z2019-10-16T13:32:20Z2017-05-041572-9540 (en línea)0304-3843 (impresa)http://hdl.handle.net/10614/1121710.1007/s10751-017-1425-7In this study, a Fe-29.0Mn-6.0Al–0.9C-1.8Mo-1.6Si-0.4Cu (Wt. %) alloy was prepared in an induction furnace. The as-cast sample was submitted to homogenization at 1050 ◦C over 8 hours, which was followed by quenching, and an aging heat treatment at 500 ◦C for 12 h.Wear tests were performed by using a Pin on Disk Tribometer (ASTM G99) at room temperature to evaluate the mass loss. Optical Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, and Transmission Mossbauer Spectroscopy were used to characterize the microstructure and structural properties of the samples. The obtained microstructure of the heat-treated samples was of the austenitic type, and their XRD patterns were refined with the lines of the austenite, martensite, galaxite, and FeO structures. M¨ossbauer spectra of powders, obtained from the surface of the samples, showed the presence of a broad doublet, which corresponded to the disordered austenite; and a small hyperfine magnetic field distribution associated with the disordered and ferromagnetic martensite. After the tribology test, the surface of the sample was examined, and it was obderved that the austenite, martensite, and galaxite phases were present. The martensite quantity increased and, those of galaxite and austenite decreased, but that of austenite appeared to have larger lattice parameter. The decrease in the galaxite content was a direct consequence of the wear test, which removed matter from the sample surface. The appearance of additional martensite was due to the transformation of the austenite by mechanical work. The additional presence of a new austenite with a bigger lattice parameter and of the Fe oxide was the consequence of the heating process of the sample during the tribological test. The Mossbauer spectrum of this sample confirms the increase of the martensite content. The mechanical properties increased with the heat treatmentapplication/pdf8 páginasengSpringerHyperfine Interactions, volumen 238, páginas 1-8, (may, 2017)55238Ramos, J., Piamba, J. F., Sanchez, H., & Alcazar, G. P. (2017). Mössbauer and XRD characterization of the effect of heat treatment and the tribological test on the physical and mechanical properties of a Fe-Mn-Al-C alloy. Hyperfine Interactions, 238(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10751-017-1425-7Hyperfine Interact1. Chung, K., Ahn, K., Yoo, D.H., Chung, K.H., Seo, M.H., Park, S.H.: Formability of TWIP (twinning induced plasticity) automotive sheets . Int. J. Plast. 27(1), 52 (2011)2. Kayak, G.L.: Fe-Mn-Al precipitation-hardening austenitic alloys. Met. Sci. Heat Treat. 11(2), 95 (1969)3. Schmatz, D.J.: Structure and properties of austenitic alloys containing aluminum and silicon. Trans. ASM 52, 898 (1960)4. Altstetter, C.J., Bentley, A.P., Fourie, J.W., Kirkbride, A.N.: Processing and properties of Fe-Mn-Al alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng. 82, 13 (1986)5. Rama Rao, P., Kutumbarao, V.V.: Development in austenitic steels containing manganese. Int. Mater. Rev. 34(2), 69 (1989)6. Bueno, L.O., Sordi, V.L.: Mater. Sci. Eng. A 498, 483–484 (2008)7. Rodriguez, V.F., Perez Alcazar, G.A., Gracia, M., Marco, J.F., Gancedo, J.R.: Oral presentation. In: Latin American Conference on the Applications of the Mossbauer (Lacame, 2002), Panama City, Panama (2002)8. P´erez Alc´azar, G.A.: Propiedades estructurales y magnticas de aceros Fe-Mn-Al, ”Fermanal”. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 28(107), 265 (2004)9. Astudillo, P.C., Soriano, A.F., Ramos, J., Barona, G.M., S´anchez, H., Dur´an, J.F., P´erez Alc´azar, G.A.: Submmited to this journal10. Jackson, P.R.S.,Wallwork, G.R.: High temperature oxidation of iron-manganes-Aluminum based alloys. Oxid. Met. 21, 135 (1984)11. Agudelo, A.C., Marco, J.F., Gancedo, J.R., P´erez Alc´azar, G.A.: Fe-Mn-Al-C Alloys: a Study of Their Corrosion Behaviour in SO2 Environments. Hyperfine Interact. 139(/140), 141 (2002)12. Tjong, S.C., Zhu, S.M.: Microstructural aspect of the scale formed on FeMnAl and FeMnAlCr alloys in SO2/O2 atmospheres at elevated temperatures. Mater. Trans. JIM 38(2), 112 (1997)13. Hwang, K.H., Wan, C.M., Byrne, J.G.: Mechanical behavior and martensitic transformation of an FeMnSiAlNb alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 132, 161 (1991)14. Cheng,W.C., Liu, C.F., Lai, Y.F.: Observing the D03 phase in FeMnAl alloys. Scr. Mater. 48, 295 (2003)15. Choo, W.K., Kim, J.H., Yoon, J.C.: Acta Mater. 45(12), 4877 (1997)16. Ramos, J., Piamba, J.F., S´anchez, H., P´erez Alc´azar, G.A.: M¨ossbauer and XRD characterization of the phase transformations in a Fe-Mn-Al-C-Mo-Si-Cu as cast alloy during tribology test. Hyperfine Interact. 232, 119 (2015)17. Zuidema, B.K., Subramanyam, D.K., Leslie, W.C.: The effect of aluminum on the work hardening and wear resistance of hadfield manganese steel. Met. Trans. A 18(9), 1629 (1987)18. Huang, H.H., Chuang, T.H.: Erosion- and wear-corrosion behavior of FeMnAl alloys in NaCl solution. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 292(1), 90 (2000)19. Larson, A.C., Von Dreele, R.B.: General structure analysis system GSAS, Los Alamos National Laboratory Report No. LAUR 86–748 (2004)20. Varret, F., Teillet, J.: Unpublished MOSFIT program21. Essene, E.J., Peacor, D.R.: Crystal chemistry and petrology of coexisting galaxite and jacobsite and other spinel solutions and solvi. Am. Mineral. 68, 449 (1983)22. Bluncson, G.R., Thompson, G.K., Evans, B.J.: 57Fe Mssbauer investigation of manganese contained spinels. Hyperfine Interact. 90(1-4), 353 (1994)Derechos Reservados - Universidad Autónoma de Occidentehttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Mossbauer and XRD characterization of the effect of heat treatment and the tribological test on the physical and mechanical properties of a Fe-Mn-Al-C alloyArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREFinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Tratamiento térmico de los metalesEspectroscopía de MossbauerMossbauer spectroscopyMetals - Heat treatmentFermanal steelsHeat treatmentXRDMossbauer spectrometryTribologyPublicationd845b1dc-a8da-4a54-a68c-2d59e1f2e10evirtual::4300-1d845b1dc-a8da-4a54-a68c-2d59e1f2e10evirtual::4300-1https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000155136virtual::4300-1CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8805https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/961f23f1-122e-4fa8-9635-beed29d72288/download4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81665https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/43cf1658-62f1-44dc-b5b6-49c1b9373b41/download20b5ba22b1117f71589c7318baa2c560MD5310614/11217oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/112172024-03-13 16:17:54.398https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Derechos Reservados - Universidad Autónoma de Occidentemetadata.onlyhttps://red.uao.edu.coRepositorio Digital Universidad Autonoma de Occidenterepositorio@uao.edu.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