Harmonic distortion evaluation generated by PWM motor drives in electrical industrial systems

This paper evaluates the harmonic distortion generated by PWM motor drives in an electrical industrial system of a wheat flour mill company. For this, a comparative study between two industrial circuits connected at the same point of common coupling (PCC) with similar characteristics of load and tra...

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Autores:
Quispe Oqueña, Enrique Ciro
Viego, Percy
Gómez Sarduy, Julio Rafael
Hernández Herrera, Hernán
Sousa Santos, Vladimir
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2017
Institución:
Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
Repositorio:
RED: Repositorio Educativo Digital UAO
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/11188
Acceso en línea:
http://hdl.handle.net/10614/11188
https://doi: 10.11591/ijece.v7i6.pp3207-3216
Palabra clave:
Distorsión eléctrica
Electric distortion
Electrical industrial system
Harmonic distortion
PWM motor drives
Harmonic statistical annalysis
Rights
openAccess
License
Derechos Reservados - Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
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oai_identifier_str oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/11188
network_acronym_str REPOUAO2
network_name_str RED: Repositorio Educativo Digital UAO
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Harmonic distortion evaluation generated by PWM motor drives in electrical industrial systems
title Harmonic distortion evaluation generated by PWM motor drives in electrical industrial systems
spellingShingle Harmonic distortion evaluation generated by PWM motor drives in electrical industrial systems
Distorsión eléctrica
Electric distortion
Electrical industrial system
Harmonic distortion
PWM motor drives
Harmonic statistical annalysis
title_short Harmonic distortion evaluation generated by PWM motor drives in electrical industrial systems
title_full Harmonic distortion evaluation generated by PWM motor drives in electrical industrial systems
title_fullStr Harmonic distortion evaluation generated by PWM motor drives in electrical industrial systems
title_full_unstemmed Harmonic distortion evaluation generated by PWM motor drives in electrical industrial systems
title_sort Harmonic distortion evaluation generated by PWM motor drives in electrical industrial systems
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Quispe Oqueña, Enrique Ciro
Viego, Percy
Gómez Sarduy, Julio Rafael
Hernández Herrera, Hernán
Sousa Santos, Vladimir
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Quispe Oqueña, Enrique Ciro
Viego, Percy
Gómez Sarduy, Julio Rafael
Hernández Herrera, Hernán
Sousa Santos, Vladimir
dc.subject.armarc.spa.fl_str_mv Distorsión eléctrica
topic Distorsión eléctrica
Electric distortion
Electrical industrial system
Harmonic distortion
PWM motor drives
Harmonic statistical annalysis
dc.subject.armarc.eng.fl_str_mv Electric distortion
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Electrical industrial system
Harmonic distortion
PWM motor drives
Harmonic statistical annalysis
description This paper evaluates the harmonic distortion generated by PWM motor drives in an electrical industrial system of a wheat flour mill company. For this, a comparative study between two industrial circuits connected at the same point of common coupling (PCC) with similar characteristics of load and transformers is presented. The difference is that one circuit has PWM motor drives and the other does not have them. In the study, a practical method based on the statistical characterization of the total harmonic distortion of voltage (THDV) and current (THDI), individual voltage distortion (IVD), individual current distortion (ICD) and K-Factor is applied. As result, it was observed that PWM motor drives generated voltage harmonics mainly of fifth and seventh order with values that exceed limits established by standards in both circuits. With these values, the operation of elements such as capacitors, motors and transformers can be affected. In the work is also demonstrated that in the analysis of harmonics is necessary to consider various parameters and not only one
publishDate 2017
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2017-12
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2019-10-09T21:15:51Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2019-10-09T21:15:51Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 20888708
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10614/11188
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv https://doi: 10.11591/ijece.v7i6.pp3207-3216
identifier_str_mv 20888708
url http://hdl.handle.net/10614/11188
https://doi: 10.11591/ijece.v7i6.pp3207-3216
dc.language.iso.eng.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 3216
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 6
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 3207
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 7
dc.relation.cites.spa.fl_str_mv Sousa Santos, V., Hernandez Herrera, H., Quispe, E. C., Viego, P. R., & Gómez, J. R. (2017). Harmonic distortion evaluation generated by PWM motor drives in electrical industrial systems. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 7(6), 3207~3216
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.eng.fl_str_mv International journal of electrical and computer engineering (IJECE)
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv S. R. Movahed, et al.,“Estimation of insulation life of inverter-fed induction motors,” in ProceedingsConferencePower Electronic & Drive Systems & Technologies Conference (PEDSTC), pp. 335-339, 2010
G. K. Singh, “A research survey of induction motor operation with non-sinusoidal supply wave forms,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol/issue:75(2), pp. 200-213, 2005
G. Suresh, et al., “Analysis of the effect of feeder cable on the stator winding voltage stress in a PWM induction motor drive,” in ProceedingsElectrical Insulation Conference, 1997, and Electrical Manufacturing & Coil Winding Conference, pp. 407-412, 1997
M. C. Di Piazza and M. Pucci. “Techniques for efficiency improvement in PWM motor drives,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 136, pp. 270-280, 2016
M. Chirindo, et al., “Considerations for nonintrusive efficiency estimation of inverter-fed induction motors,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,vol/issue:63(2), pp. 741-749, 2016
C. J. R. Kriel, et al., “The influence of variable speed drives on electric motor opperating temperatures,”in ProceedingsIndustrial and Commercial Use of Energy Conference (ICUE),pp. 1-6,2013
R. Mayuri,et al., “Eddy current loss modelling in transformer iron losses operated by PWM inverter,” in Proceedings. Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES) & 2010 Power India, 2010 Joint Internationalon, pp. 1-5, 2010
M. Digalovski, et al., “Impact of current high order harmonic to core losses of three-phase distribution transformer,” in Proceedings. EUROCON, pp. 1531-1535, 2013
H. Oraee, “A quantative approach to estimate the life expectancy of motor insulation systems,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, vol/issue:7(6), pp. 790-796, 2000
A. Inan and F. Attar, “The life expectancy analysis for an electric motor due to harmonics,” in ProceedingsElectrotechnical Conference, MELECON 98, vol.2, pp. 997-999,1998
J. P. G. de Abreu and A. E. Emanuel, “Induction motor thermal aging caused by voltage distortion and imbalance: loss of useful life and its estimated cost,” in ProceedingsIndustrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference, pp.105-114, 2001
V.S. Santos, et al., “Procedure for determining induction motor efficiency working under distorted grid voltages,” IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion, vol/issue:30(1), pp. 331-339, 2015
P. Donolo, et al., “Voltage unbalance and harmonic distortion effects on induction motor power, torque and vibrations,” Electric Power Systems Research,vol/issue:140(1), pp. 866-873, 2016
“IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality,”IEEE Standard 1159, 2009
Y. Wang, et al., “Calculation of high frequency bearing currents of PWM inverter-fed VF induction motor,” in Proceedings2014 International Power Electronics and Application Conference and Exposition, Shanghai, pp. 1428-1433, 2014
Y. Wang, et al., “Research on discharging bearing currents of PWM inverter-fed variable frequency induction motor,” in ProceedingsElectrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), pp. 2945-2949, 2014
B. Zhu, et al., “Effects of the inverter parameters on the eddy current losses in induction motor fedby PWM inverter,” in ProceedingsElectrical Machines and Systems ICEMS 2008,pp. 4240-4243, 2008
A. Strandt, et al., “No-load power losses and motor overheating effects versus PWM switching frequencies,” in ProceedingsRenewable Energy Research and Application (ICRERA), pp. 280-283, 2014
D. M. Said, et al., “Analysis of distribution transformer losses and life expectancy using measured harmonic data,” in Proceedings14th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power -ICHQP 2010, pp. 1-6, 2010
G. W. Massey, “Estimation methods for power system harmonic effects on power distribution transformers,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,vol/issue:30(2), pp. 485-489, 1994
M. T. Bishop, et al., “Evaluating harmonic-induced transformer heating,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,vol/issue:11(1), pp. 305-311, 1996
L. W. Pierce, “Transformer design and application considerations for nonsinusoidal load currents,”IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol/issue:32(3), pp. 633-645, 1996
W. Chen and Z. Cheng, “An experimental study of the damaging effects of harmonics in power networks on the capacitor dielectrics,”in ProceedingsSecond International Conference on Properties and Applications, vol.2, pp. 645-648, 1988
C. Boonseng, et al., “Failure analysis of dielectric of low voltage power capacitors due to related harmonic resonance effects,” in ProceedingsPower Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2001. IEEE, Columbus, vol.3, pp. 1003-1008,2001
A. Souli and A. Hellal,“Design of a Computer Code To Evaluate the Influence of the Harmonics in the Electrical Networks,”International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol/issue:2(5), pp. 681-690,2012
M.J.H. Rawa, et al., “Power quality monitoring and simulation of a personal computer based on IEEE 1459-2010,” in ProceedingsInternational Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, pp. 671-675, 2013
P. Aramwanid and I. Boonyaroonate, “Power quality impact study and analysis of electrical power efficacy in sugar industry,” in ProceedingsConferenceElectrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, pp. 1-4, 2015
M. J.Ghorbani and H. Mokhtari, “Impact of Harmonics on Power Quality and Lossesin Power Distribution Systems,”International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol/issue:5(1), pp. 166-174, 2015
Y. Baghzouz, et al., “Time-varying harmonics. I. Characterizing measured data,”IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol/issue:13(3), pp. 938-944, 1998
A. E. Emanuel andJ. A. Orr, “Six-pulse converter atypical harmonics caused by second harmonic voltage,”in Proceedings Conference10th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power, pp. 340-346, 2002
C. Collombet, et al., “Harmonics disturbances in networks, and their treatment,” Cahier Technique Merlin Gerin, vol/issue:1(152), pp. 1-31, 1999
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spelling Quispe Oqueña, Enrique Cirovirtual::9-1Viego, Percy4c7b664d0409ff8ede26b099aa16e01aGómez Sarduy, Julio Rafael77a5057c8e70b9722f27cf7e3c088d69Hernández Herrera, Hernán368f702324432a4013403d8c819e2e2eSousa Santos, Vladimir7d49f4c6dc5688b53999d936638b4426Universidad Autónoma de Occidente. Calle 25 115-85. Km 2 vía Cali-Jamundí2019-10-09T21:15:51Z2019-10-09T21:15:51Z2017-1220888708http://hdl.handle.net/10614/11188https://doi: 10.11591/ijece.v7i6.pp3207-3216This paper evaluates the harmonic distortion generated by PWM motor drives in an electrical industrial system of a wheat flour mill company. For this, a comparative study between two industrial circuits connected at the same point of common coupling (PCC) with similar characteristics of load and transformers is presented. The difference is that one circuit has PWM motor drives and the other does not have them. In the study, a practical method based on the statistical characterization of the total harmonic distortion of voltage (THDV) and current (THDI), individual voltage distortion (IVD), individual current distortion (ICD) and K-Factor is applied. As result, it was observed that PWM motor drives generated voltage harmonics mainly of fifth and seventh order with values that exceed limits established by standards in both circuits. With these values, the operation of elements such as capacitors, motors and transformers can be affected. In the work is also demonstrated that in the analysis of harmonics is necessary to consider various parameters and not only oneapplication/pdf9 páginasengInstitute of Advanced Engineering and ScienceDerechos Reservados - Universidad Autónoma de Occidentehttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Harmonic distortion evaluation generated by PWM motor drives in electrical industrial systemsArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREFinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Distorsión eléctricaElectric distortionElectrical industrial systemHarmonic distortionPWM motor drivesHarmonic statistical annalysis3216632077Sousa Santos, V., Hernandez Herrera, H., Quispe, E. C., Viego, P. R., & Gómez, J. R. (2017). Harmonic distortion evaluation generated by PWM motor drives in electrical industrial systems. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 7(6), 3207~3216International journal of electrical and computer engineering (IJECE)S. R. Movahed, et al.,“Estimation of insulation life of inverter-fed induction motors,” in ProceedingsConferencePower Electronic & Drive Systems & Technologies Conference (PEDSTC), pp. 335-339, 2010G. K. Singh, “A research survey of induction motor operation with non-sinusoidal supply wave forms,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol/issue:75(2), pp. 200-213, 2005G. Suresh, et al., “Analysis of the effect of feeder cable on the stator winding voltage stress in a PWM induction motor drive,” in ProceedingsElectrical Insulation Conference, 1997, and Electrical Manufacturing & Coil Winding Conference, pp. 407-412, 1997M. C. Di Piazza and M. Pucci. “Techniques for efficiency improvement in PWM motor drives,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 136, pp. 270-280, 2016M. Chirindo, et al., “Considerations for nonintrusive efficiency estimation of inverter-fed induction motors,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,vol/issue:63(2), pp. 741-749, 2016C. J. R. Kriel, et al., “The influence of variable speed drives on electric motor opperating temperatures,”in ProceedingsIndustrial and Commercial Use of Energy Conference (ICUE),pp. 1-6,2013R. Mayuri,et al., “Eddy current loss modelling in transformer iron losses operated by PWM inverter,” in Proceedings. Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES) & 2010 Power India, 2010 Joint Internationalon, pp. 1-5, 2010M. Digalovski, et al., “Impact of current high order harmonic to core losses of three-phase distribution transformer,” in Proceedings. EUROCON, pp. 1531-1535, 2013H. Oraee, “A quantative approach to estimate the life expectancy of motor insulation systems,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, vol/issue:7(6), pp. 790-796, 2000A. Inan and F. Attar, “The life expectancy analysis for an electric motor due to harmonics,” in ProceedingsElectrotechnical Conference, MELECON 98, vol.2, pp. 997-999,1998J. P. G. de Abreu and A. E. Emanuel, “Induction motor thermal aging caused by voltage distortion and imbalance: loss of useful life and its estimated cost,” in ProceedingsIndustrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference, pp.105-114, 2001V.S. Santos, et al., “Procedure for determining induction motor efficiency working under distorted grid voltages,” IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion, vol/issue:30(1), pp. 331-339, 2015P. Donolo, et al., “Voltage unbalance and harmonic distortion effects on induction motor power, torque and vibrations,” Electric Power Systems Research,vol/issue:140(1), pp. 866-873, 2016“IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality,”IEEE Standard 1159, 2009Y. Wang, et al., “Calculation of high frequency bearing currents of PWM inverter-fed VF induction motor,” in Proceedings2014 International Power Electronics and Application Conference and Exposition, Shanghai, pp. 1428-1433, 2014Y. Wang, et al., “Research on discharging bearing currents of PWM inverter-fed variable frequency induction motor,” in ProceedingsElectrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), pp. 2945-2949, 2014B. Zhu, et al., “Effects of the inverter parameters on the eddy current losses in induction motor fedby PWM inverter,” in ProceedingsElectrical Machines and Systems ICEMS 2008,pp. 4240-4243, 2008A. Strandt, et al., “No-load power losses and motor overheating effects versus PWM switching frequencies,” in ProceedingsRenewable Energy Research and Application (ICRERA), pp. 280-283, 2014D. M. Said, et al., “Analysis of distribution transformer losses and life expectancy using measured harmonic data,” in Proceedings14th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power -ICHQP 2010, pp. 1-6, 2010G. W. Massey, “Estimation methods for power system harmonic effects on power distribution transformers,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,vol/issue:30(2), pp. 485-489, 1994M. T. Bishop, et al., “Evaluating harmonic-induced transformer heating,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,vol/issue:11(1), pp. 305-311, 1996L. W. Pierce, “Transformer design and application considerations for nonsinusoidal load currents,”IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol/issue:32(3), pp. 633-645, 1996W. Chen and Z. Cheng, “An experimental study of the damaging effects of harmonics in power networks on the capacitor dielectrics,”in ProceedingsSecond International Conference on Properties and Applications, vol.2, pp. 645-648, 1988C. Boonseng, et al., “Failure analysis of dielectric of low voltage power capacitors due to related harmonic resonance effects,” in ProceedingsPower Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2001. IEEE, Columbus, vol.3, pp. 1003-1008,2001A. Souli and A. Hellal,“Design of a Computer Code To Evaluate the Influence of the Harmonics in the Electrical Networks,”International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol/issue:2(5), pp. 681-690,2012M.J.H. Rawa, et al., “Power quality monitoring and simulation of a personal computer based on IEEE 1459-2010,” in ProceedingsInternational Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, pp. 671-675, 2013P. Aramwanid and I. Boonyaroonate, “Power quality impact study and analysis of electrical power efficacy in sugar industry,” in ProceedingsConferenceElectrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, pp. 1-4, 2015M. J.Ghorbani and H. Mokhtari, “Impact of Harmonics on Power Quality and Lossesin Power Distribution Systems,”International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol/issue:5(1), pp. 166-174, 2015Y. Baghzouz, et al., “Time-varying harmonics. I. Characterizing measured data,”IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol/issue:13(3), pp. 938-944, 1998A. E. Emanuel andJ. A. Orr, “Six-pulse converter atypical harmonics caused by second harmonic voltage,”in Proceedings Conference10th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power, pp. 340-346, 2002C. Collombet, et al., “Harmonics disturbances in networks, and their treatment,” Cahier Technique Merlin Gerin, vol/issue:1(152), pp. 1-31, 1999Publicationc6bf35c2-a499-44cd-abc3-eb4b458d7de5virtual::9-1c6bf35c2-a499-44cd-abc3-eb4b458d7de5virtual::9-1c6bf35c2-a499-44cd-abc3-eb4b458d7de5https://scholar.google.com.co/citations?user=8WM_SB8AAAAJ&hl=envirtual::9-1https://scholar.google.com.co/citations?user=8WM_SB8AAAAJ&hl=enhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3223-1834virtual::9-1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3223-1834https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000144304virtual::9-1CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8805https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/613991d4-41fa-4041-a05d-373f2c67669f/download4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81665https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/b4ae0612-20cd-4d4d-ae3a-76c2ce65ee2e/download20b5ba22b1117f71589c7318baa2c560MD53ORIGINAL00340_Harmonic distortion evaluation generated by PWM motor drives in electrical industrial systems.pdf00340_Harmonic distortion evaluation generated by PWM motor drives in electrical industrial systems.pdfArchivo texto completo del artículoapplication/pdf325131https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/6f9a6ac6-7799-4acc-9783-8b222dba7af3/downloaddf57f5dc9633c5f82abed8d2fc36611bMD54TEXT00340_Harmonic distortion evaluation generated by PWM motor drives in electrical industrial systems.pdf.txt00340_Harmonic distortion evaluation generated by PWM motor drives in electrical industrial systems.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain34069https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/361745c4-966f-4754-a8e2-7e1d7ce96929/download07b09d9a413cbf9ac647e9cfe9e5df27MD55THUMBNAIL00340_Harmonic distortion evaluation generated by PWM motor drives in electrical industrial systems.pdf.jpg00340_Harmonic distortion evaluation generated by PWM motor drives in electrical industrial systems.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg13799https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/3bb6f786-582e-4a42-af35-82ac05cfcbf5/download6e7aaaad7b2ca30f72c5ce23b8d429b3MD5610614/11188oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/111882024-03-01 11:49:41.498https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Derechos Reservados - Universidad Autónoma de Occidenteopen.accesshttps://red.uao.edu.coRepositorio Digital Universidad Autonoma de Occidenterepositorio@uao.edu.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