Lubricity effect of carbon dioxide used as an environmentally friendly refrigerant in air-conditioning and refrigeration compressors

Environmental concerns have increased the interest in alternative natural refrigerants for air-conditioning and refrigeration compressors. Carbon dioxide (CO2) or R744 is an attractive candidate to replace harmful hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants, which will need to be replaced in the near future due...

Full description

Autores:
Escobar Nuñez, Emerson
Polychronopoulou, Kyriaki
Polycarpou, Andreas
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2010
Institución:
Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
Repositorio:
RED: Repositorio Educativo Digital UAO
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/12177
Acceso en línea:
http://red.uao.edu.co//handle/10614/12177
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2010.09.005
Palabra clave:
Tribología
Desgaste mecánico
Tribology
Mechanical wear
Compressors
Scuffing
Gray cast iron
Tribolayers
Carbon dioxide refrigerant
XPS
Rights
openAccess
License
Derechos Reservados - Elsevier, 2010
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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Lubricity effect of carbon dioxide used as an environmentally friendly refrigerant in air-conditioning and refrigeration compressors
title Lubricity effect of carbon dioxide used as an environmentally friendly refrigerant in air-conditioning and refrigeration compressors
spellingShingle Lubricity effect of carbon dioxide used as an environmentally friendly refrigerant in air-conditioning and refrigeration compressors
Tribología
Desgaste mecánico
Tribology
Mechanical wear
Compressors
Scuffing
Gray cast iron
Tribolayers
Carbon dioxide refrigerant
XPS
title_short Lubricity effect of carbon dioxide used as an environmentally friendly refrigerant in air-conditioning and refrigeration compressors
title_full Lubricity effect of carbon dioxide used as an environmentally friendly refrigerant in air-conditioning and refrigeration compressors
title_fullStr Lubricity effect of carbon dioxide used as an environmentally friendly refrigerant in air-conditioning and refrigeration compressors
title_full_unstemmed Lubricity effect of carbon dioxide used as an environmentally friendly refrigerant in air-conditioning and refrigeration compressors
title_sort Lubricity effect of carbon dioxide used as an environmentally friendly refrigerant in air-conditioning and refrigeration compressors
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Escobar Nuñez, Emerson
Polychronopoulou, Kyriaki
Polycarpou, Andreas
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Escobar Nuñez, Emerson
Polychronopoulou, Kyriaki
Polycarpou, Andreas
dc.subject.armarc.spa.fl_str_mv Tribología
Desgaste mecánico
topic Tribología
Desgaste mecánico
Tribology
Mechanical wear
Compressors
Scuffing
Gray cast iron
Tribolayers
Carbon dioxide refrigerant
XPS
dc.subject.armarc.eng.fl_str_mv Tribology
Mechanical wear
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Compressors
Scuffing
Gray cast iron
Tribolayers
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Carbon dioxide refrigerant
dc.subject.proposal.none.fl_str_mv XPS
description Environmental concerns have increased the interest in alternative natural refrigerants for air-conditioning and refrigeration compressors. Carbon dioxide (CO2) or R744 is an attractive candidate to replace harmful hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants, which will need to be replaced in the near future due to their high global warming potential. In this paper the tribological behavior of gray cast iron in the presence of CO2 under unlubricated conditions was investigated. Specifically different regions of the CO2 pressure–temperature (P–T) phase diagram were studied to understand the role of pressure, temperature, CO2 mass, and the chemical interaction of gray cast iron with CO2, focusing on their impact on the friction and wear behavior. It was found that friction decreases significantly when CO2 pressure and temperature approach the gas–liquid transition in the P–T phase diagram, thus exhibiting a form of “superlubricity.” Through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy it was found that an increase in CO2 pressure causes partial transformation of iron oxides into iron carbonates which have a positive effect on the tribological performance. The thickness of the tribolayer film, formed in the contact zone, was evaluated using Focus Ion Beam and it was found to be of the order of 0.5 μm
publishDate 2010
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2010-12
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2020-03-25T21:10:19Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2020-03-25T21:10:19Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 0043-1648
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv http://red.uao.edu.co//handle/10614/12177
dc.identifier.doi.eng.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2010.09.005
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv Repositorio Educativo Digital
identifier_str_mv 0043-1648
Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
Repositorio Educativo Digital
url http://red.uao.edu.co//handle/10614/12177
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2010.09.005
dc.language.iso.eng.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.spa.fl_str_mv Wear. Volumen 270, (diciembre 2010); páginas 46-56
dc.relation.citationendpage.none.fl_str_mv 56
dc.relation.citationissue.none.fl_str_mv 1-2
dc.relation.citationstartpage.none.fl_str_mv 46
dc.relation.citationvolume.none.fl_str_mv 270
dc.relation.cites.spa.fl_str_mv Escobar Núñez, E.; Polychronopoulou, K.; Polycarpou, A. (2010). Lubricity effect of carbon dioxide used as an environmentally friendly refrigerant in air-conditioning and refrigeration compressors. Wear. 270(1-2) ; 46-56. http://red.uao.edu.co//handle/10614/12177
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.eng.fl_str_mv Wear
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv M.H. Kim, J. Pettersen, C.W. Bullard. Fundamental process and systems design issues in CO2 vapor compression systems Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 30 (2004), pp. 119-174
N.G. Demas, A.A. Polycarpou. Ultra high pressure tribometer for testing CO2 refrigerant at chamber pressures up to 2000 psi to simulate compressor conditions Tribol. Trans., 49 (2006), pp. 1-6
Emerson Escobar Nuñez, N.G. Demas, K. Polychronopoulou, A.A. Polycarpou Comparative scuffing performance and chemical analysis of metallic surfaces for air-conditioning compressors in the presence of environmentally friendly CO2 refrigerant Wear, 268 (2010), pp. 668-676
B.K. Yen. Influence of water vapor and oxygen on the tribology of carbon materials with sp2 valence configuration Wear, 192 (1996), pp. 208-21
R.P. Pardee. Moisture dependence of silver-graphite brushes in air, nitrogen, helium, and carbon dioxide IEEE Trans. Power Apparatus Syst., 14 (1967), pp. 747-762
F. Robert, D. Paulmier, H. Zaïdi, E. Schouller. Combined influence of an inert gas environment and a mechanical action on a graphite surface. Wear, 181–183 (1995), pp. 687-690
H. Zaïdi, F. Robert, D. Paulmier, H. Néry. Correlation between the tribological behavior of graphite and its mechanical properties versus the interplan distance Appl. Surf. Sci., 70–71 (1993), pp. 103-108
N.G. Demas, A.A. Polycarpou, T.F. Conry. Tribological studies on scuffing due to the influence of carbon dioxide used as a refrigerant in compressors Tribol. Trans., 48 (2005), pp. 336-342
K.M. Lee, A.Y. Suh, N.G. Demas, A.A. Polycarpou. Surface and sub-micron sub-surface evolution of Al390-T6 undergoing tribological testing under submerged lubrication conditions in the presence of CO2 refrigerant Tribol. Lett., 18 (1) (2005), pp. 1-12
M.L. Cannaday, A.A. Polycarpou. Advantages of CO2 compared to R410a refrigerant of tribologically tested aluminum 390-T6 surfaces Tribol. Lett., 21 (3) (2006), pp. 185-192
X. Wu, P. Cong, H. Nanao, I. Minami, S. Mori. Tribology behavior of 52100 steel in carbon dioxide atmosphere Tribol. Lett., 17 (4) (2004), pp. 925-930
.Y. Suh, A.A. Polycarpou, T.F. Conry Detailed surface roughness characterization of engineering surfaces undergoing tribological testing leading to scuffing Wear, 255 (2003), pp. 556-568
K.J. Stout, P.J. Sullivan, W.P. Dong, E. Mainsah, N. Luo, T. Mathia, H. Zahouani The Development of Methods for the Characterization of Roughness in Three Dimensions .Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, Luxembourg (1993)
J. Sugishita, S. Fugiyoshi. The effect of cast iron graphites on the friction and wear performance. II: Variables influencing graphite film formation. Wear, 68 (1981), pp. 7-20
M.P. Cavatorta, C. Cusano. Running-in of aluminum/steel contacts under starved lubrication, Part II: Effects on scuffing. Wear, 242 (2000), pp. 133-139
J.K. Heuer, J.F. Stubbins. An XPS characterization of FeCO3 films from CO2 corrosion Corros. Sci., 41 (7) (1999), pp. 1231-1243
C.C. Shih, C.M. Shih, Y.Y. Su, L.H.J. Su, M.S. Chang, S.J. Ling. The effect of surface oxide properties on corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel for biomedical applications Corros. Sci., 46 (2) (2004), pp. 427-441
S.L. Wu, Z.D. Cui, F. He, Z.Q. Bai, S.L. Zhu, X.J. Yang. Characterization of the surface film form from carbon dioxide corrosion on N80 steel Mater. Lett., 59 (6) (2004), pp. 1076-1081
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv Derechos Reservados - Elsevier, 2010
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spelling Escobar Nuñez, Emersonvirtual::1580-1Polychronopoulou, Kyriakif2f22a8187c8090bc9db5f9144b76069Polycarpou, Andreas51a78532c448dfc4918c9cf58357d98a2020-03-25T21:10:19Z2020-03-25T21:10:19Z2010-120043-1648http://red.uao.edu.co//handle/10614/12177https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2010.09.005Universidad Autónoma de OccidenteRepositorio Educativo DigitalEnvironmental concerns have increased the interest in alternative natural refrigerants for air-conditioning and refrigeration compressors. Carbon dioxide (CO2) or R744 is an attractive candidate to replace harmful hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants, which will need to be replaced in the near future due to their high global warming potential. In this paper the tribological behavior of gray cast iron in the presence of CO2 under unlubricated conditions was investigated. Specifically different regions of the CO2 pressure–temperature (P–T) phase diagram were studied to understand the role of pressure, temperature, CO2 mass, and the chemical interaction of gray cast iron with CO2, focusing on their impact on the friction and wear behavior. It was found that friction decreases significantly when CO2 pressure and temperature approach the gas–liquid transition in the P–T phase diagram, thus exhibiting a form of “superlubricity.” Through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy it was found that an increase in CO2 pressure causes partial transformation of iron oxides into iron carbonates which have a positive effect on the tribological performance. The thickness of the tribolayer film, formed in the contact zone, was evaluated using Focus Ion Beam and it was found to be of the order of 0.5 μmapplication/pdf11 páginasengElsevierWear. Volumen 270, (diciembre 2010); páginas 46-56561-246270Escobar Núñez, E.; Polychronopoulou, K.; Polycarpou, A. (2010). Lubricity effect of carbon dioxide used as an environmentally friendly refrigerant in air-conditioning and refrigeration compressors. Wear. 270(1-2) ; 46-56. http://red.uao.edu.co//handle/10614/12177WearM.H. Kim, J. Pettersen, C.W. Bullard. Fundamental process and systems design issues in CO2 vapor compression systems Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 30 (2004), pp. 119-174N.G. Demas, A.A. Polycarpou. Ultra high pressure tribometer for testing CO2 refrigerant at chamber pressures up to 2000 psi to simulate compressor conditions Tribol. Trans., 49 (2006), pp. 1-6Emerson Escobar Nuñez, N.G. Demas, K. Polychronopoulou, A.A. Polycarpou Comparative scuffing performance and chemical analysis of metallic surfaces for air-conditioning compressors in the presence of environmentally friendly CO2 refrigerant Wear, 268 (2010), pp. 668-676B.K. Yen. Influence of water vapor and oxygen on the tribology of carbon materials with sp2 valence configuration Wear, 192 (1996), pp. 208-21R.P. Pardee. Moisture dependence of silver-graphite brushes in air, nitrogen, helium, and carbon dioxide IEEE Trans. Power Apparatus Syst., 14 (1967), pp. 747-762F. Robert, D. Paulmier, H. Zaïdi, E. Schouller. Combined influence of an inert gas environment and a mechanical action on a graphite surface. Wear, 181–183 (1995), pp. 687-690H. Zaïdi, F. Robert, D. Paulmier, H. Néry. Correlation between the tribological behavior of graphite and its mechanical properties versus the interplan distance Appl. Surf. Sci., 70–71 (1993), pp. 103-108N.G. Demas, A.A. Polycarpou, T.F. Conry. Tribological studies on scuffing due to the influence of carbon dioxide used as a refrigerant in compressors Tribol. Trans., 48 (2005), pp. 336-342K.M. Lee, A.Y. Suh, N.G. Demas, A.A. Polycarpou. Surface and sub-micron sub-surface evolution of Al390-T6 undergoing tribological testing under submerged lubrication conditions in the presence of CO2 refrigerant Tribol. Lett., 18 (1) (2005), pp. 1-12M.L. Cannaday, A.A. Polycarpou. Advantages of CO2 compared to R410a refrigerant of tribologically tested aluminum 390-T6 surfaces Tribol. Lett., 21 (3) (2006), pp. 185-192X. Wu, P. Cong, H. Nanao, I. Minami, S. Mori. Tribology behavior of 52100 steel in carbon dioxide atmosphere Tribol. Lett., 17 (4) (2004), pp. 925-930.Y. Suh, A.A. Polycarpou, T.F. Conry Detailed surface roughness characterization of engineering surfaces undergoing tribological testing leading to scuffing Wear, 255 (2003), pp. 556-568K.J. Stout, P.J. Sullivan, W.P. Dong, E. Mainsah, N. Luo, T. Mathia, H. Zahouani The Development of Methods for the Characterization of Roughness in Three Dimensions .Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, Luxembourg (1993)J. Sugishita, S. Fugiyoshi. The effect of cast iron graphites on the friction and wear performance. II: Variables influencing graphite film formation. Wear, 68 (1981), pp. 7-20M.P. Cavatorta, C. Cusano. Running-in of aluminum/steel contacts under starved lubrication, Part II: Effects on scuffing. Wear, 242 (2000), pp. 133-139J.K. Heuer, J.F. Stubbins. An XPS characterization of FeCO3 films from CO2 corrosion Corros. Sci., 41 (7) (1999), pp. 1231-1243C.C. Shih, C.M. Shih, Y.Y. Su, L.H.J. Su, M.S. Chang, S.J. Ling. The effect of surface oxide properties on corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel for biomedical applications Corros. Sci., 46 (2) (2004), pp. 427-441S.L. Wu, Z.D. Cui, F. He, Z.Q. Bai, S.L. Zhu, X.J. Yang. Characterization of the surface film form from carbon dioxide corrosion on N80 steel Mater. 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