A computational model for the modulation of the prepulseinhibition of the acoustic startle reflex

The acoustic startle reflex (ASR), a defensiveresponse, is a contraction of the skeletal and facial musclesin response to an abrupt, intense (>80 db) auditory stimu-lus, which has been extensively studied in rats and humans.Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of ASR is the normal suppressionof the startle r...

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Autores:
Ramírez Moreno, David Fernando
Sejnowski, Terrence Joseph
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2012
Institución:
Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
Repositorio:
RED: Repositorio Educativo Digital UAO
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/11619
Acceso en línea:
http://red.uao.edu.co//handle/10614/11619
Palabra clave:
Redes neuronales (Computadores)
Neural networks (Computer science)
Acoustic startle reflex
Acoustic startle reflex
Prepulse inhibition
Fear modulation
PPI computational model
Rights
openAccess
License
Derechos Reservados - Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv A computational model for the modulation of the prepulseinhibition of the acoustic startle reflex
title A computational model for the modulation of the prepulseinhibition of the acoustic startle reflex
spellingShingle A computational model for the modulation of the prepulseinhibition of the acoustic startle reflex
Redes neuronales (Computadores)
Neural networks (Computer science)
Acoustic startle reflex
Acoustic startle reflex
Prepulse inhibition
Fear modulation
PPI computational model
title_short A computational model for the modulation of the prepulseinhibition of the acoustic startle reflex
title_full A computational model for the modulation of the prepulseinhibition of the acoustic startle reflex
title_fullStr A computational model for the modulation of the prepulseinhibition of the acoustic startle reflex
title_full_unstemmed A computational model for the modulation of the prepulseinhibition of the acoustic startle reflex
title_sort A computational model for the modulation of the prepulseinhibition of the acoustic startle reflex
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Ramírez Moreno, David Fernando
Sejnowski, Terrence Joseph
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Ramírez Moreno, David Fernando
Sejnowski, Terrence Joseph
dc.subject.armarc.spa.fl_str_mv Redes neuronales (Computadores)
topic Redes neuronales (Computadores)
Neural networks (Computer science)
Acoustic startle reflex
Acoustic startle reflex
Prepulse inhibition
Fear modulation
PPI computational model
dc.subject.armarc.eng.fl_str_mv Neural networks (Computer science)
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Acoustic startle reflex
Acoustic startle reflex
Prepulse inhibition
Fear modulation
PPI computational model
description The acoustic startle reflex (ASR), a defensiveresponse, is a contraction of the skeletal and facial musclesin response to an abrupt, intense (>80 db) auditory stimu-lus, which has been extensively studied in rats and humans.Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of ASR is the normal suppressionof the startle reflex when an intense stimulus is preceded bya weak non-starting pre-stimulus. PPI, a measure of sensorymotor gating, is impaired in various neuropsychiatric disor-ders, including schizophrenia, and is modulated by cogni-tive and emotional contexts such as fear and attention. Wehave modeled the fear modulation of PPI of ASR based onits anatomical substrates and taking into account data frombehaving rats and humans. The model replicates the principalfeatures of both phenomena and predicts underlying neuralmechanisms. In addition, the model yields testable predictions
publishDate 2012
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2012
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2019-11-29T14:51:17Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2019-11-29T14:51:17Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.type.content.eng.fl_str_mv Text
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dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://red.uao.edu.co//handle/10614/11619
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv 10.1007/s00422-012-0485-7
url http://red.uao.edu.co//handle/10614/11619
identifier_str_mv 10.1007/s00422-012-0485-7
dc.language.iso.eng.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.eng.fl_str_mv A computational model for the modulation of the prepulseinhibition of the acoustic startle reflex. En: Biological Cybernetics. Número 106 (2012); páginas169-176
dc.relation.citationendpage.none.fl_str_mv 176
dc.relation.citationstartpage.none.fl_str_mv 169
dc.relation.citationvolume.none.fl_str_mv 106
dc.relation.cites.none.fl_str_mv Ramirez-Moreno, D.F., Sejnowski, T.J. A computational model for the modulation of the prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex. Biol Cybern 106, 169–176 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-012-0485-7
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.eng.fl_str_mv Biological cybernetics
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv Bast T et al (2001) Hyperactivity, decreased startle reactivity, and dis- rupted prepulse inhibition following disinhibition of the rat ventral hippocampus by the GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin. Psy- chopharmacology 156(2–3):225–233 Braff DL et al (2001) Human studies of prepulse inhibition of star- tle: normal subjects, patient groups, and pharmacological studies. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 156:234–258 Davis M (2006) Neural systems involved in fear and anxiety measured with fear—potentiated startle. Am Psychol 61:741–756 Depoortere R et al (1997) Potentiation of prepulse inhibition of the star- tle reflex in rats: pharmacological evaluation of the procedure as a model for detecting antipsychotic activity. Psycopharmacology (Berl) 132(4):366–374 Fendt M et al (2001) Brain stem circuits mediating prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex. Psychopharmacology 156:216–224 Geyer MA et al (2001) Pharmacological studies of prepulse inhibition models of sensorimotor-gating deficits in schizophrenia: a decade in review. Psychopharmacology 156:117–154 Grillon C (1998) Effect of darkness on acoustic startle in Vietnam vet- erans with PTSD. Am J Psychiatry 155:812–817 Grillon C et al (1997) Darkness facilitates the acoustic startle reflex in humans. Biol Psychiatry 42(6):453–460 Heekeren K et al (2004) Attentional modulation of prepulse inhibition: a new startle paradigm. Neuropsychobiology 49:88–93 Hoffman HS, Ison JR (1980) Reflex modification in the domain of star- tle: I. Some empirical findings and their implications for how the nervous system processes sensory input. Psychol Rev 87:175–189 Hoffman HS, Searle JL (1965) Acoustic variables in the modification of startle reaction in the rat. J Comp Physiol Psychol 60(1):53–58 Ishii D et al (2010) Enhancement of acoustic prepulse inhibition by contextual fear conditioning in mice is maintained even after con- textual fear extinction. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychi- atry 34:183–188 Iversen S et al (2000) Emotional states and feelings. In: Kandel E, Sch- wartz JH, Jessell TM (eds) Principles of neuroscience, 4th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 982–998 Koch M (1999) The neurobiology of startle. Prog Neurobiol 59:107– 128 Koch M et al (1992) Loss of the acoustic startle response following neurotoxic lesions of the caudal pontine reticular formation: pos- sible role of giant neurons. Neuroscience 49:617–625 Koch M et al (1997) The acoustic startle response in rats—circuits mediating evocation, inhibition and potentiation. Behav Brain Res 89:35–49 Lang PJ et al (1990) Emotion, attention, and the startle reflex. Psychol Rev 97:377–395 Lang PJ, Davis M, Ohman A (2000) Fear and anxiety: animal models and human cognitive psychophysiology. J Affect Disord 61:137– 159 Lapicque L (1907) Recherches quantitatives sur l’excitation électrique des nerfs traitée comme une polarisation. J Physiol Pathol Gen 9:620–635 Lee Y et al (1996) A primary acoustic startle reflex pathway: obligatory role of cochlear root neurons and the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis. J Neurosci 16(11):3775–3789 Leitner DS et al (1985) Role of the inferior colliculus in the inhibition of acoustic startle in the rat. Physiol Behav 34:65–70 Leumann L et al (2001) A neural network approach to the acoustic star- tle reflex and prepulse inhibition. Brain Res Bull 56(2):101–110 Li L et al (1998) Prepulse inhibition following lesions of the inferior colliculus: prepulse intensity functions. Physiol Behav 65:133– 139 Li L et al (2009) Top-down modulations of prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in humans and rats. Neurosci Behav Rev 33:1157– 1167 Naka KI, Rushton WAH (1966) S-potentials from luminosity units in the retina of fish (Cyprinidae). J Physiol 185:587–599 Plappert C, Pilz P, Schnitzler H (2004) Factors governing prepulse inhi- bition and prepulse facilitation of the acoustic startle response in mice. Behav Brain Res 152:403–412 Schmajuk NA et al (2006) Startle and prepulse inhibition as a function of background noise: a computational and experimental analysis. Behav Brain Res 170:182–196 Shepherd GM (2004) Introduction to synaptic circuits. In: Shepherd GM (ed) The synaptic organization of the brain, 5th edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford Swerdlow NR, Geyer MA (1993) Prepulse inhibition of acoustic star- tle in rats after lesions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus. Behav Neurosci 107:104–117 Swerdlow NR, Caine SB, Braff DL, Geyer MA (1992) The neural sub- strates of sensorimotor gating of the startle reflex: a reviewof recent findings and their implications. Psychopharmacology 6:176–190 Swerdlow NR et al (2001) Neural circuit regulation of prepulse inhibi- tion of startle in the rat: current knowledge and future challenges. Psychopharmacology 156:194–215 Vogt BA (2005) Pain and emotion interactions in subregions of the cingulated gyrus. Nat Rev Neurosci 6:533–544 Wilson C (2004) Basal ganglia. In: Shepherd G (ed) The synaptic orga- nization of the brain, 5th edn. Oxford Press, Oxford, pp 361–415 Winslow JT, Parr LA, Davis M (2002) Acoustic startle, prepulse inhi- bition, and fear-potentiated startle measured in rhesus monkeys. Biol Psychiatry 51:859–866 Yeomans JS et al (2006) Midbrain pathways for prepulse inhibition and startle activation in rats. Neuroscience 142:921–929 Bast T et al (2001) Hyperactivity, decreased startle reactivity, and dis- rupted prepulse inhibition following disinhibition of the rat ventral hippocampus by the GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin. Psy- chopharmacology 156(2–3):225–233 Braff DL et al (2001) Human studies of prepulse inhibition of star- tle: normal subjects, patient groups, and pharmacological studies. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 156:234–258 Davis M (2006) Neural systems involved in fear and anxiety measured with fear—potentiated startle. Am Psychol 61:741–756 Depoortere R et al (1997) Potentiation of prepulse inhibition of the star- tle reflex in rats: pharmacological evaluation of the procedure as a model for detecting antipsychotic activity. Psycopharmacology (Berl) 132(4):366–374 Fendt M et al (2001) Brain stem circuits mediating prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex. Psychopharmacology 156:216–224 Geyer MA et al (2001) Pharmacological studies of prepulse inhibition models of sensorimotor-gating deficits in schizophrenia: a decade in review. Psychopharmacology 156:117–154 Grillon C (1998) Effect of darkness on acoustic startle in Vietnam vet- erans with PTSD. Am J Psychiatry 155:812–817 Grillon C et al (1997) Darkness facilitates the acoustic startle reflex in humans. Biol Psychiatry 42(6):453–460 Heekeren K et al (2004) Attentional modulation of prepulse inhibition: a new startle paradigm. Neuropsychobiology 49:88–93 Hoffman HS, Ison JR (1980) Reflex modification in the domain of star- tle: I. Some empirical findings and their implications for how the nervous system processes sensory input. Psychol Rev 87:175–189 Hoffman HS, Searle JL (1965) Acoustic variables in the modification of startle reaction in the rat. J Comp Physiol Psychol 60(1):53–58 Ishii D et al (2010) Enhancement of acoustic prepulse inhibition by contextual fear conditioning in mice is maintained even after con- textual fear extinction. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychi- atry 34:183–188 Iversen S et al (2000) Emotional states and feelings. In: Kandel E, Sch- wartz JH, Jessell TM (eds) Principles of neuroscience, 4th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 982–998 Koch M (1999) The neurobiology of startle. Prog Neurobiol 59:107– 128 Koch M et al (1992) Loss of the acoustic startle response following neurotoxic lesions of the caudal pontine reticular formation: pos- sible role of giant neurons. Neuroscience 49:617–625 Koch M et al (1997) The acoustic startle response in rats—circuits mediating evocation, inhibition and potentiation. Behav Brain Res 89:35–49 Lang PJ et al (1990) Emotion, attention, and the startle reflex. Psychol Rev 97:377–395 Lang PJ, Davis M, Ohman A (2000) Fear and anxiety: animal models and human cognitive psychophysiology. J Affect Disord 61:137– 159 Lapicque L (1907) Recherches quantitatives sur l’excitation électrique des nerfs traitée comme une polarisation. J Physiol Pathol Gen 9:620–635 Lee Y et al (1996) A primary acoustic startle reflex pathway: obligatory role of cochlear root neurons and the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis. J Neurosci 16(11):3775–3789 Leitner DS et al (1985) Role of the inferior colliculus in the inhibition of acoustic startle in the rat. Physiol Behav 34:65–70 Leumann L et al (2001) A neural network approach to the acoustic star- tle reflex and prepulse inhibition. Brain Res Bull 56(2):101–110 Li L et al (1998) Prepulse inhibition following lesions of the inferior colliculus: prepulse intensity functions. Physiol Behav 65:133– 139 Li L et al (2009) Top-down modulations of prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in humans and rats. Neurosci Behav Rev 33:1157– 1167 Naka KI, Rushton WAH (1966) S-potentials from luminosity units in the retina of fish (Cyprinidae). J Physiol 185:587–599 Plappert C, Pilz P, Schnitzler H (2004) Factors governing prepulse inhi- bition and prepulse facilitation of the acoustic startle response in mice. Behav Brain Res 152:403–412 Schmajuk NA et al (2006) Startle and prepulse inhibition as a function of background noise: a computational and experimental analysis. Behav Brain Res 170:182–196 Shepherd GM (2004) Introduction to synaptic circuits. In: Shepherd GM (ed) The synaptic organization of the brain, 5th edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford Swerdlow NR, Geyer MA (1993) Prepulse inhibition of acoustic star- tle in rats after lesions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus. Behav Neurosci 107:104–117 Swerdlow NR, Caine SB, Braff DL, Geyer MA (1992) The neural sub- strates of sensorimotor gating of the startle reflex: a reviewof recent findings and their implications. Psychopharmacology 6:176–190 Swerdlow NR et al (2001) Neural circuit regulation of prepulse inhibi- tion of startle in the rat: current knowledge and future challenges. Psychopharmacology 156:194–215 Vogt BA (2005) Pain and emotion interactions in subregions of the cingulated gyrus. Nat Rev Neurosci 6:533–544 Wilson C (2004) Basal ganglia. In: Shepherd G (ed) The synaptic orga- nization of the brain, 5th edn. Oxford Press, Oxford, pp 361–415 Winslow JT, Parr LA, Davis M (2002) Acoustic startle, prepulse inhi- bition, and fear-potentiated startle measured in rhesus monkeys. Biol Psychiatry 51:859–866 Yeomans JS et al (2006) Midbrain pathways for prepulse inhibition and startle activation in rats. Neuroscience 142:921–929 Bast T et al (2001) Hyperactivity, decreased startle reactivity, and dis-rupted prepulse inhibition following disinhibition of the rat ventralhippocampus by the GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin. Psy-chopharmacology 156(2–3):225–233
Braff DL et al (2001) Human studies of prepulse inhibition of star-tle: normal subjects, patient groups, and pharmacological studies.Psychopharmacology (Berl) 156:234–258
Davis M (2006) Neural systems involved in fear and anxiety measuredwith fear—potentiated startle. Am Psychol 61:741–756
Depoortere R et al (1997) Potentiation of prepulse inhibition of the star-tle reflex in rats: pharmacological evaluation of the procedure asa model for detecting antipsychotic activity. Psycopharmacology(Berl) 132(4):366–374
Fendt M et al (2001) Brain stem circuits mediating prepulse inhibitionof the startle reflex. Psychopharmacology 156:216–224
Geyer MA et al (2001) Pharmacological studies of prepulse inhibitionmodels of sensorimotor-gating deficits in schizophrenia: a decadein review. Psychopharmacology 156:117–154
Grillon C (1998) Effect of darkness on acoustic startle in Vietnam vet-erans with PTSD. Am J Psychiatry 155:812–817
Grillon C et al (1997) Darkness facilitates the acoustic startle reflex inhumans. Biol Psychiatry 42(6):453–460
Heekeren K et al (2004) Attentional modulation of prepulse inhibition:a new startle paradigm. Neuropsychobiology 49:88–93
Hoffman HS, Ison JR (1980) Reflex modification in the domain of star-tle: I. Some empirical findings and their implications for how thenervous system processes sensory input. Psychol Rev 87:175–189
Hoffman HS, Searle JL (1965) Acoustic variables in the modificationof startle reaction in the rat. J Comp Physiol Psychol 60(1):53–58
Ishii D et al (2010) Enhancement of acoustic prepulse inhibition bycontextual fear conditioning in mice is maintained even after con-textual fear extinction. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychi-atry 34:183–188
Iversen S et al (2000) Emotional states and feelings. In: Kandel E, Sch-wartz JH, Jessell TM (eds) Principles of neuroscience, 4th edn.McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 982–998
Koch M (1999) The neurobiology of startle. Prog Neurobiol 59:107–128
Koch M et al (1992) Loss of the acoustic startle response followingneurotoxic lesions of the caudal pontine reticular formation: pos-sible role of giant neurons. Neuroscience 49:617–625
Koch M et al (1997) The acoustic startle response in rats—circuitsmediating evocation, inhibition and potentiation. Behav Brain Res89:35–49
Lang PJ et al (1990) Emotion, attention, and the startle reflex. PsycholRev 97:377–395
Lang PJ, Davis M, Ohman A (2000) Fear and anxiety: animal modelsand human cognitive psychophysiology. J Affect Disord 61:137–159
Lapicque L (1907) Recherches quantitatives sur l’excitation électriquedes nerfs traitée comme une polarisation. J Physiol Pathol Gen9:620–635
Lee Y et al (1996) A primary acoustic startle reflex pathway: obligatoryrole of cochlear root neurons and the nucleus reticularis pontiscaudalis. J Neurosci 16(11):3775–3789
Leitner DS et al (1985) Role of the inferior colliculus in the inhibitionof acoustic startle in the rat. Physiol Behav 34:65–70
Leumann L et al (2001) A neural network approach to the acoustic star-tle reflex and prepulse inhibition. Brain Res Bull 56(2):101–110
Li L et al (1998) Prepulse inhibition following lesions of the inferiorcolliculus: prepulse intensity functions. Physiol Behav 65:133–139
Li L et al (2009) Top-down modulations of prepulse inhibition of thestartle reflex in humans and rats. Neurosci Behav Rev 33:1157–1167
Naka KI, Rushton WAH (1966) S-potentials from luminosity units inthe retina of fish (Cyprinidae). J Physiol 185:587–599
Plappert C, Pilz P, Schnitzler H (2004) Factors governing prepulse inhi-bition and prepulse facilitation of the acoustic startle response inmice. Behav Brain Res 152:403–412
Schmajuk NA et al (2006) Startle and prepulse inhibition as a functionof background noise: a computational and experimental analysis.Behav Brain Res 170:182–196
Shepherd GM (2004) Introduction to synaptic circuits. In: ShepherdGM (ed) The synaptic organization of the brain, 5th edn. OxfordUniversity Press, Oxford
Swerdlow NR, Geyer MA (1993) Prepulse inhibition of acoustic star-tle in rats after lesions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus.Behav Neurosci 107:104–117
Swerdlow NR, Caine SB, Braff DL, Geyer MA (1992) The neural sub-strates of sensorimotor gating of the startle reflex: a reviewof recentfindings and their implications. Psychopharmacology 6:176–190
Swerdlow NR et al (2001) Neural circuit regulation of prepulse inhibi-tion of startle in the rat: current knowledge and future challenges.Psychopharmacology 156:194–215
Vogt BA (2005) Pain and emotion interactions in subregions of thecingulated gyrus. Nat Rev Neurosci 6:533–544
Wilson C (2004) Basal ganglia. In: Shepherd G (ed) The synaptic orga-nization of the brain, 5th edn. Oxford Press, Oxford, pp 361–415
Winslow JT, Parr LA, Davis M (2002) Acoustic startle, prepulse inhi-bition, and fear-potentiated startle measured in rhesus monkeys.Biol Psychiatry 51:859–866
Yeomans JS et al (2006) Midbrain pathways for prepulse inhibitionand startle activation in rats. Neuroscience 142:921–929
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spelling Ramírez Moreno, David Fernandovirtual::4309-1Sejnowski, Terrence Josephbee1bfa9ea1b2d1e31933ff017173d80Universidad Autónoma de Occidente. Calle 25 115-85. Km 2 vía Cali-Jamundí2019-11-29T14:51:17Z2019-11-29T14:51:17Z2012http://red.uao.edu.co//handle/10614/1161910.1007/s00422-012-0485-7The acoustic startle reflex (ASR), a defensiveresponse, is a contraction of the skeletal and facial musclesin response to an abrupt, intense (>80 db) auditory stimu-lus, which has been extensively studied in rats and humans.Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of ASR is the normal suppressionof the startle reflex when an intense stimulus is preceded bya weak non-starting pre-stimulus. PPI, a measure of sensorymotor gating, is impaired in various neuropsychiatric disor-ders, including schizophrenia, and is modulated by cogni-tive and emotional contexts such as fear and attention. Wehave modeled the fear modulation of PPI of ASR based onits anatomical substrates and taking into account data frombehaving rats and humans. The model replicates the principalfeatures of both phenomena and predicts underlying neuralmechanisms. In addition, the model yields testable predictionsapplication/pdfengSpringerA computational model for the modulation of the prepulseinhibition of the acoustic startle reflex. En: Biological Cybernetics. Número 106 (2012); páginas169-176176169106Ramirez-Moreno, D.F., Sejnowski, T.J. A computational model for the modulation of the prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex. Biol Cybern 106, 169–176 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-012-0485-7Biological cyberneticsBast T et al (2001) Hyperactivity, decreased startle reactivity, and dis- rupted prepulse inhibition following disinhibition of the rat ventral hippocampus by the GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin. Psy- chopharmacology 156(2–3):225–233 Braff DL et al (2001) Human studies of prepulse inhibition of star- tle: normal subjects, patient groups, and pharmacological studies. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 156:234–258 Davis M (2006) Neural systems involved in fear and anxiety measured with fear—potentiated startle. Am Psychol 61:741–756 Depoortere R et al (1997) Potentiation of prepulse inhibition of the star- tle reflex in rats: pharmacological evaluation of the procedure as a model for detecting antipsychotic activity. Psycopharmacology (Berl) 132(4):366–374 Fendt M et al (2001) Brain stem circuits mediating prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex. Psychopharmacology 156:216–224 Geyer MA et al (2001) Pharmacological studies of prepulse inhibition models of sensorimotor-gating deficits in schizophrenia: a decade in review. Psychopharmacology 156:117–154 Grillon C (1998) Effect of darkness on acoustic startle in Vietnam vet- erans with PTSD. Am J Psychiatry 155:812–817 Grillon C et al (1997) Darkness facilitates the acoustic startle reflex in humans. Biol Psychiatry 42(6):453–460 Heekeren K et al (2004) Attentional modulation of prepulse inhibition: a new startle paradigm. Neuropsychobiology 49:88–93 Hoffman HS, Ison JR (1980) Reflex modification in the domain of star- tle: I. Some empirical findings and their implications for how the nervous system processes sensory input. Psychol Rev 87:175–189 Hoffman HS, Searle JL (1965) Acoustic variables in the modification of startle reaction in the rat. J Comp Physiol Psychol 60(1):53–58 Ishii D et al (2010) Enhancement of acoustic prepulse inhibition by contextual fear conditioning in mice is maintained even after con- textual fear extinction. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychi- atry 34:183–188 Iversen S et al (2000) Emotional states and feelings. In: Kandel E, Sch- wartz JH, Jessell TM (eds) Principles of neuroscience, 4th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 982–998 Koch M (1999) The neurobiology of startle. Prog Neurobiol 59:107– 128 Koch M et al (1992) Loss of the acoustic startle response following neurotoxic lesions of the caudal pontine reticular formation: pos- sible role of giant neurons. Neuroscience 49:617–625 Koch M et al (1997) The acoustic startle response in rats—circuits mediating evocation, inhibition and potentiation. Behav Brain Res 89:35–49 Lang PJ et al (1990) Emotion, attention, and the startle reflex. Psychol Rev 97:377–395 Lang PJ, Davis M, Ohman A (2000) Fear and anxiety: animal models and human cognitive psychophysiology. J Affect Disord 61:137– 159 Lapicque L (1907) Recherches quantitatives sur l’excitation électrique des nerfs traitée comme une polarisation. J Physiol Pathol Gen 9:620–635 Lee Y et al (1996) A primary acoustic startle reflex pathway: obligatory role of cochlear root neurons and the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis. J Neurosci 16(11):3775–3789 Leitner DS et al (1985) Role of the inferior colliculus in the inhibition of acoustic startle in the rat. Physiol Behav 34:65–70 Leumann L et al (2001) A neural network approach to the acoustic star- tle reflex and prepulse inhibition. Brain Res Bull 56(2):101–110 Li L et al (1998) Prepulse inhibition following lesions of the inferior colliculus: prepulse intensity functions. Physiol Behav 65:133– 139 Li L et al (2009) Top-down modulations of prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in humans and rats. Neurosci Behav Rev 33:1157– 1167 Naka KI, Rushton WAH (1966) S-potentials from luminosity units in the retina of fish (Cyprinidae). J Physiol 185:587–599 Plappert C, Pilz P, Schnitzler H (2004) Factors governing prepulse inhi- bition and prepulse facilitation of the acoustic startle response in mice. Behav Brain Res 152:403–412 Schmajuk NA et al (2006) Startle and prepulse inhibition as a function of background noise: a computational and experimental analysis. Behav Brain Res 170:182–196 Shepherd GM (2004) Introduction to synaptic circuits. In: Shepherd GM (ed) The synaptic organization of the brain, 5th edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford Swerdlow NR, Geyer MA (1993) Prepulse inhibition of acoustic star- tle in rats after lesions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus. Behav Neurosci 107:104–117 Swerdlow NR, Caine SB, Braff DL, Geyer MA (1992) The neural sub- strates of sensorimotor gating of the startle reflex: a reviewof recent findings and their implications. Psychopharmacology 6:176–190 Swerdlow NR et al (2001) Neural circuit regulation of prepulse inhibi- tion of startle in the rat: current knowledge and future challenges. Psychopharmacology 156:194–215 Vogt BA (2005) Pain and emotion interactions in subregions of the cingulated gyrus. Nat Rev Neurosci 6:533–544 Wilson C (2004) Basal ganglia. In: Shepherd G (ed) The synaptic orga- nization of the brain, 5th edn. Oxford Press, Oxford, pp 361–415 Winslow JT, Parr LA, Davis M (2002) Acoustic startle, prepulse inhi- bition, and fear-potentiated startle measured in rhesus monkeys. Biol Psychiatry 51:859–866 Yeomans JS et al (2006) Midbrain pathways for prepulse inhibition and startle activation in rats. Neuroscience 142:921–929 Bast T et al (2001) Hyperactivity, decreased startle reactivity, and dis- rupted prepulse inhibition following disinhibition of the rat ventral hippocampus by the GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin. Psy- chopharmacology 156(2–3):225–233 Braff DL et al (2001) Human studies of prepulse inhibition of star- tle: normal subjects, patient groups, and pharmacological studies. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 156:234–258 Davis M (2006) Neural systems involved in fear and anxiety measured with fear—potentiated startle. Am Psychol 61:741–756 Depoortere R et al (1997) Potentiation of prepulse inhibition of the star- tle reflex in rats: pharmacological evaluation of the procedure as a model for detecting antipsychotic activity. Psycopharmacology (Berl) 132(4):366–374 Fendt M et al (2001) Brain stem circuits mediating prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex. Psychopharmacology 156:216–224 Geyer MA et al (2001) Pharmacological studies of prepulse inhibition models of sensorimotor-gating deficits in schizophrenia: a decade in review. Psychopharmacology 156:117–154 Grillon C (1998) Effect of darkness on acoustic startle in Vietnam vet- erans with PTSD. Am J Psychiatry 155:812–817 Grillon C et al (1997) Darkness facilitates the acoustic startle reflex in humans. Biol Psychiatry 42(6):453–460 Heekeren K et al (2004) Attentional modulation of prepulse inhibition: a new startle paradigm. Neuropsychobiology 49:88–93 Hoffman HS, Ison JR (1980) Reflex modification in the domain of star- tle: I. Some empirical findings and their implications for how the nervous system processes sensory input. Psychol Rev 87:175–189 Hoffman HS, Searle JL (1965) Acoustic variables in the modification of startle reaction in the rat. J Comp Physiol Psychol 60(1):53–58 Ishii D et al (2010) Enhancement of acoustic prepulse inhibition by contextual fear conditioning in mice is maintained even after con- textual fear extinction. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychi- atry 34:183–188 Iversen S et al (2000) Emotional states and feelings. In: Kandel E, Sch- wartz JH, Jessell TM (eds) Principles of neuroscience, 4th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 982–998 Koch M (1999) The neurobiology of startle. Prog Neurobiol 59:107– 128 Koch M et al (1992) Loss of the acoustic startle response following neurotoxic lesions of the caudal pontine reticular formation: pos- sible role of giant neurons. Neuroscience 49:617–625 Koch M et al (1997) The acoustic startle response in rats—circuits mediating evocation, inhibition and potentiation. Behav Brain Res 89:35–49 Lang PJ et al (1990) Emotion, attention, and the startle reflex. Psychol Rev 97:377–395 Lang PJ, Davis M, Ohman A (2000) Fear and anxiety: animal models and human cognitive psychophysiology. J Affect Disord 61:137– 159 Lapicque L (1907) Recherches quantitatives sur l’excitation électrique des nerfs traitée comme une polarisation. J Physiol Pathol Gen 9:620–635 Lee Y et al (1996) A primary acoustic startle reflex pathway: obligatory role of cochlear root neurons and the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis. J Neurosci 16(11):3775–3789 Leitner DS et al (1985) Role of the inferior colliculus in the inhibition of acoustic startle in the rat. Physiol Behav 34:65–70 Leumann L et al (2001) A neural network approach to the acoustic star- tle reflex and prepulse inhibition. Brain Res Bull 56(2):101–110 Li L et al (1998) Prepulse inhibition following lesions of the inferior colliculus: prepulse intensity functions. Physiol Behav 65:133– 139 Li L et al (2009) Top-down modulations of prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in humans and rats. Neurosci Behav Rev 33:1157– 1167 Naka KI, Rushton WAH (1966) S-potentials from luminosity units in the retina of fish (Cyprinidae). J Physiol 185:587–599 Plappert C, Pilz P, Schnitzler H (2004) Factors governing prepulse inhi- bition and prepulse facilitation of the acoustic startle response in mice. Behav Brain Res 152:403–412 Schmajuk NA et al (2006) Startle and prepulse inhibition as a function of background noise: a computational and experimental analysis. Behav Brain Res 170:182–196 Shepherd GM (2004) Introduction to synaptic circuits. In: Shepherd GM (ed) The synaptic organization of the brain, 5th edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford Swerdlow NR, Geyer MA (1993) Prepulse inhibition of acoustic star- tle in rats after lesions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus. Behav Neurosci 107:104–117 Swerdlow NR, Caine SB, Braff DL, Geyer MA (1992) The neural sub- strates of sensorimotor gating of the startle reflex: a reviewof recent findings and their implications. Psychopharmacology 6:176–190 Swerdlow NR et al (2001) Neural circuit regulation of prepulse inhibi- tion of startle in the rat: current knowledge and future challenges. Psychopharmacology 156:194–215 Vogt BA (2005) Pain and emotion interactions in subregions of the cingulated gyrus. Nat Rev Neurosci 6:533–544 Wilson C (2004) Basal ganglia. In: Shepherd G (ed) The synaptic orga- nization of the brain, 5th edn. Oxford Press, Oxford, pp 361–415 Winslow JT, Parr LA, Davis M (2002) Acoustic startle, prepulse inhi- bition, and fear-potentiated startle measured in rhesus monkeys. Biol Psychiatry 51:859–866 Yeomans JS et al (2006) Midbrain pathways for prepulse inhibition and startle activation in rats. Neuroscience 142:921–929 Bast T et al (2001) Hyperactivity, decreased startle reactivity, and dis-rupted prepulse inhibition following disinhibition of the rat ventralhippocampus by the GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin. Psy-chopharmacology 156(2–3):225–233Braff DL et al (2001) Human studies of prepulse inhibition of star-tle: normal subjects, patient groups, and pharmacological studies.Psychopharmacology (Berl) 156:234–258Davis M (2006) Neural systems involved in fear and anxiety measuredwith fear—potentiated startle. Am Psychol 61:741–756Depoortere R et al (1997) Potentiation of prepulse inhibition of the star-tle reflex in rats: pharmacological evaluation of the procedure asa model for detecting antipsychotic activity. Psycopharmacology(Berl) 132(4):366–374Fendt M et al (2001) Brain stem circuits mediating prepulse inhibitionof the startle reflex. Psychopharmacology 156:216–224Geyer MA et al (2001) Pharmacological studies of prepulse inhibitionmodels of sensorimotor-gating deficits in schizophrenia: a decadein review. Psychopharmacology 156:117–154Grillon C (1998) Effect of darkness on acoustic startle in Vietnam vet-erans with PTSD. Am J Psychiatry 155:812–817Grillon C et al (1997) Darkness facilitates the acoustic startle reflex inhumans. Biol Psychiatry 42(6):453–460Heekeren K et al (2004) Attentional modulation of prepulse inhibition:a new startle paradigm. Neuropsychobiology 49:88–93Hoffman HS, Ison JR (1980) Reflex modification in the domain of star-tle: I. Some empirical findings and their implications for how thenervous system processes sensory input. Psychol Rev 87:175–189Hoffman HS, Searle JL (1965) Acoustic variables in the modificationof startle reaction in the rat. J Comp Physiol Psychol 60(1):53–58Ishii D et al (2010) Enhancement of acoustic prepulse inhibition bycontextual fear conditioning in mice is maintained even after con-textual fear extinction. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychi-atry 34:183–188Iversen S et al (2000) Emotional states and feelings. In: Kandel E, Sch-wartz JH, Jessell TM (eds) Principles of neuroscience, 4th edn.McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 982–998Koch M (1999) The neurobiology of startle. Prog Neurobiol 59:107–128Koch M et al (1992) Loss of the acoustic startle response followingneurotoxic lesions of the caudal pontine reticular formation: pos-sible role of giant neurons. Neuroscience 49:617–625Koch M et al (1997) The acoustic startle response in rats—circuitsmediating evocation, inhibition and potentiation. Behav Brain Res89:35–49Lang PJ et al (1990) Emotion, attention, and the startle reflex. PsycholRev 97:377–395Lang PJ, Davis M, Ohman A (2000) Fear and anxiety: animal modelsand human cognitive psychophysiology. J Affect Disord 61:137–159Lapicque L (1907) Recherches quantitatives sur l’excitation électriquedes nerfs traitée comme une polarisation. J Physiol Pathol Gen9:620–635Lee Y et al (1996) A primary acoustic startle reflex pathway: obligatoryrole of cochlear root neurons and the nucleus reticularis pontiscaudalis. J Neurosci 16(11):3775–3789Leitner DS et al (1985) Role of the inferior colliculus in the inhibitionof acoustic startle in the rat. Physiol Behav 34:65–70Leumann L et al (2001) A neural network approach to the acoustic star-tle reflex and prepulse inhibition. Brain Res Bull 56(2):101–110Li L et al (1998) Prepulse inhibition following lesions of the inferiorcolliculus: prepulse intensity functions. Physiol Behav 65:133–139Li L et al (2009) Top-down modulations of prepulse inhibition of thestartle reflex in humans and rats. Neurosci Behav Rev 33:1157–1167Naka KI, Rushton WAH (1966) S-potentials from luminosity units inthe retina of fish (Cyprinidae). J Physiol 185:587–599Plappert C, Pilz P, Schnitzler H (2004) Factors governing prepulse inhi-bition and prepulse facilitation of the acoustic startle response inmice. Behav Brain Res 152:403–412Schmajuk NA et al (2006) Startle and prepulse inhibition as a functionof background noise: a computational and experimental analysis.Behav Brain Res 170:182–196Shepherd GM (2004) Introduction to synaptic circuits. In: ShepherdGM (ed) The synaptic organization of the brain, 5th edn. OxfordUniversity Press, OxfordSwerdlow NR, Geyer MA (1993) Prepulse inhibition of acoustic star-tle in rats after lesions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus.Behav Neurosci 107:104–117Swerdlow NR, Caine SB, Braff DL, Geyer MA (1992) The neural sub-strates of sensorimotor gating of the startle reflex: a reviewof recentfindings and their implications. Psychopharmacology 6:176–190Swerdlow NR et al (2001) Neural circuit regulation of prepulse inhibi-tion of startle in the rat: current knowledge and future challenges.Psychopharmacology 156:194–215Vogt BA (2005) Pain and emotion interactions in subregions of thecingulated gyrus. Nat Rev Neurosci 6:533–544Wilson C (2004) Basal ganglia. In: Shepherd G (ed) The synaptic orga-nization of the brain, 5th edn. Oxford Press, Oxford, pp 361–415Winslow JT, Parr LA, Davis M (2002) Acoustic startle, prepulse inhi-bition, and fear-potentiated startle measured in rhesus monkeys.Biol Psychiatry 51:859–866Yeomans JS et al (2006) Midbrain pathways for prepulse inhibitionand startle activation in rats. Neuroscience 142:921–929Derechos Reservados - Universidad Autónoma de Occidentehttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2A computational model for the modulation of the prepulseinhibition of the acoustic startle reflexArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREFinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Redes neuronales (Computadores)Neural networks (Computer science)Acoustic startle reflexAcoustic startle reflexPrepulse inhibitionFear modulationPPI computational modelPublication61e20236-82c5-4dcc-b05c-0eaa9ac06b11virtual::4309-161e20236-82c5-4dcc-b05c-0eaa9ac06b11virtual::4309-1https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=RTce1fkAAAAJ&hl=esvirtual::4309-10000-0003-2372-3554virtual::4309-1https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000353744virtual::4309-1TEXTA0218.pdf.txtA0218.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain35646https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/ddd38e81-87a3-4c40-8e4f-d28dcf2e52f5/downloadcf0ae8d95b18a2f2139b8c187294ceaaMD54THUMBNAILA0218.pdf.jpgA0218.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg12636https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/45aded74-e3b8-43a0-be4a-bbb6dad7e4ca/download09a7a9055d340cae9919f8656a79dee0MD55ORIGINALA0218.pdfA0218.pdfapplication/pdf453386https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/2581cb58-5921-402f-845b-b3077d13972c/download329fdc429be339e3b5810d6ebb4c3c83MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8805https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/85995c17-661a-4bd6-8861-21b5aa53738c/download4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81665https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/5b7058af-52c0-4bcc-aa00-4b3998164435/download20b5ba22b1117f71589c7318baa2c560MD5310614/11619oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/116192024-03-13 16:33:33.358https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Derechos Reservados - Universidad Autónoma de Occidenteopen.accesshttps://red.uao.edu.coRepositorio Digital Universidad Autonoma de Occidenterepositorio@uao.edu.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