Estudio de los factores de riesgo ambiental y sanitario y su impacto en la calidad del agua para consumo humano en algunas zonas rurales del Valle del Cauca

The development of this work has shown that the analyzed water sources for rural zones, studied between the periods 2014-2016, presented an adequate quality to be used as water supply sources, which was reflected in the values obtained for the water quality index, found for most of the cases between the ranges of excellent (91 -100) and good quality (71 - 90). In regard to the drinking water quality, the information available for analysis (Database of the Departmental Health Secretariat) it was found that although the sources used had a convenient quality for drinking water, the current treatment systems did not guarantee the proper water characteristics for human consumption (RWQI with high risk level). The analyzed information showed that this could be associate to the deficiencies in water supply systems (catchment, wastewater treatment/wastewater cleaning, water treatment system, storage tank and distribution networks). Between these components components it was observed that the one that could have the greatest influence in this aspect was the existing treatment system, due to the fact that communities were identified in which the supply system was associated with a water intake and a storage tank without no complementary process or treatment system (Type 7 Supply System with a percentage of 22%), for other communities the treatment systems presented low efficiencies of reduction of contaminants and in most cases the treatment systems presented incomplete components that they were not able to provide the necessary barriers to eliminate physicochemical and / or microbiological risk (Type 3, 4, 5 and 6 Supply Systems, with a percentage of 21%, 5%, 0.44% and 37%) The study showed it is necessary to propose and implement integrated water supply systems in the studied zones with all their components (treatment and distribution), to ensure safe drinking water to the consumers. Likewise, an optimizing processes and improving the infrastructure plan of the existing treatment systems is required, because cases where the concentration of the study parameters complied with the norm but the treatment process was not efficient, reporting variables like apparent color and turbidity greater concentrations in the system effluent compared with those obtained in the intake. Some cases stand out in the north, central and south areas, in which apparent color values of 8.4, 2.5 and 2.2 CPU, were reported in the supply source and 11.6, 8.2 and 4.2 CPU at the exit of the treatment system, respectively, evidencing a reduction of the water quality in terms of this variable. 18 Otherwise, the main environmental and health risk factors identified at least at 1 Km upstream of the intakes located at the water supply sources were: i) livestock activities, ii) agricultural activities, iii) mining activities, iv) activities associated to natural dynamics, v) basic and recreational dynamics activities and vi) maintenance and control activities, since they had the highest incidence on the quality of water for consumption, which was reflected in values of risk water quality index for human consumption (RWQI) associated with high risk levels and unviable sanitary, indicating serious damage of people health

• Autores: Zambrano Acosta, Katherine Elizabeth
• Tipo de recurso: Trabajo de grado de pregrado
• Fecha de publicación: 2018
• Institución: Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
• Repositorio: RED: Repositorio Educativo Digital UAO
• Idioma: spa
• OAI Identifier: oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/10329
• Acceso en línea: http://hdl.handle.net/10614/10329
• Palabra clave: Ingeniería Ambiental; Calidad del agua-Mediciones; Evaluación de riesgos ambientales; Índice de calidad del agua (ICA); Valle del Cauca (Colombia); Sistema de abastecimiento de agua
• Rights: closedAccess
• License: Derechos Reservados - Universidad Autónoma de Occidente