Integrating gender equity in vocational studies to transform agricultural activities towards green and inclusive businesses
Productive sectors greatly contribute to environmental pollution in Colombia, especially in rural areas. Green businesses emerged as an alternative to reduce such environmental impacts, applying clean technologies that require STEM knowledge. However, the participation of women in environmental STEM...
- Autores:
-
Gallego, Viviana
Potes, Andrea
Vásquez Chaux, Paola Andrea
Gómez Etayo, Elizabeth
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
- Repositorio:
- RED: Repositorio Educativo Digital UAO
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/15896
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/10614/15896
https://red.uao.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Gender equity
Vocational education and STEM
Green business
Woman
Agricultural activities
Rurality and sustainable production
Gender transformative
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Derechos reservados - ECSDEV - Centro Europeo de Desarrollo Sostenible, 2022
id |
REPOUAO2_6c5380278ea80854fc97960acf1ea68f |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/15896 |
network_acronym_str |
REPOUAO2 |
network_name_str |
RED: Repositorio Educativo Digital UAO |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Integrating gender equity in vocational studies to transform agricultural activities towards green and inclusive businesses |
title |
Integrating gender equity in vocational studies to transform agricultural activities towards green and inclusive businesses |
spellingShingle |
Integrating gender equity in vocational studies to transform agricultural activities towards green and inclusive businesses Gender equity Vocational education and STEM Green business Woman Agricultural activities Rurality and sustainable production Gender transformative |
title_short |
Integrating gender equity in vocational studies to transform agricultural activities towards green and inclusive businesses |
title_full |
Integrating gender equity in vocational studies to transform agricultural activities towards green and inclusive businesses |
title_fullStr |
Integrating gender equity in vocational studies to transform agricultural activities towards green and inclusive businesses |
title_full_unstemmed |
Integrating gender equity in vocational studies to transform agricultural activities towards green and inclusive businesses |
title_sort |
Integrating gender equity in vocational studies to transform agricultural activities towards green and inclusive businesses |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Gallego, Viviana Potes, Andrea Vásquez Chaux, Paola Andrea Gómez Etayo, Elizabeth |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Gallego, Viviana Potes, Andrea Vásquez Chaux, Paola Andrea Gómez Etayo, Elizabeth |
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Gender equity Vocational education and STEM Green business Woman Agricultural activities Rurality and sustainable production Gender transformative |
topic |
Gender equity Vocational education and STEM Green business Woman Agricultural activities Rurality and sustainable production Gender transformative |
description |
Productive sectors greatly contribute to environmental pollution in Colombia, especially in rural areas. Green businesses emerged as an alternative to reduce such environmental impacts, applying clean technologies that require STEM knowledge. However, the participation of women in environmental STEM careers is still low, particularly those vocationally oriented to eco-efficient agricultural activities. Thus, the research aimed to answer the question: How to integrate gender equity in vocational training processes to transform agricultural activities towards green and inclusive businesses? A vocational institute acted as the unit of analysis for the case study. Interviews, focus groups and surveys were used to collect data on women in two selected training programs. The gender transformative and sustainable production approaches guided the identification of gender barriers and the implementation of strategies to remove them. As a result, female models led trainings and the installation of environmental prototypes, which inspired and developed STEM skills in the female apprentices, and reduced pollution in rural units. Finally, innovative pedagogical processes and gender aspects were introduced in organizational guidelines, seeking the institutionalization of the gender perspective in STEM environmental vocational training programs and fields |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2022 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-11-13T17:30:42Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-11-13T17:30:42Z |
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
dc.type.coar.eng.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.type.content.eng.fl_str_mv |
Text |
dc.type.driver.eng.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.redcol.eng.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
dc.type.version.eng.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv |
Vásquez Chaux, P. A.; Gómez Etayo, E.; Gallego, V. y Potes, A. (2022). Integrating gender equity in vocational studies to transform agricultural activities towards green and inclusive businesses. European Journal of Sustainable Development. 11(4). p.p. 141-157. Doi:10.14207/ejsd.2022.v11n4p141 |
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv |
22395938 |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/10614/15896 |
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv |
Doi:10.14207/ejsd.2022.v11n4p141 |
dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv |
22396101 |
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Autónoma de Occidente |
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
Respositorio Educativo Digital UAO |
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv |
https://red.uao.edu.co/ |
identifier_str_mv |
Vásquez Chaux, P. A.; Gómez Etayo, E.; Gallego, V. y Potes, A. (2022). Integrating gender equity in vocational studies to transform agricultural activities towards green and inclusive businesses. European Journal of Sustainable Development. 11(4). p.p. 141-157. Doi:10.14207/ejsd.2022.v11n4p141 22395938 Doi:10.14207/ejsd.2022.v11n4p141 22396101 Universidad Autónoma de Occidente Respositorio Educativo Digital UAO |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10614/15896 https://red.uao.edu.co/ |
dc.language.iso.eng.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
157 |
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv |
4 |
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
141 |
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv |
11 |
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.eng.fl_str_mv |
European journal of sustainable development |
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv |
ADB, Asian Development Bank. (2021), Education in the Asia-Pacific Region: Issues, Concerns and Prospects: Anticipating and Preparing for Emerging Skills and Jobs. 55. https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/42910/2020_Book_AnticipatingAndPreparingForEme.pdf?sequence=1#page=301 Achuve, J & Mkenda, E. (2019). Promoting STEM Education Through Sustainable Manufacturing: Case Study of Photovoltaic Toys. Procedia Manufacturing. 33. 740-745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2019.04.093. Ahmed, S & Asraf, M, (2018). The Workshop as a Qualitative Research Approach: Lessons Learnt From a “Critical Thinking Through Writing” Workshop. The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication – TOJDAC. p.1504-1510, DO - 10.7456/1080SSE/201 Alarcón, D. M., & Cole, S. (2019). No sustainability for tourism without gender equality. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(7), 903–919. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1588283 Alayón, C. L., Säfsten, K., & Johansson, G. (2022). Barriers and Enablers for the Adoption of Sustainable Manufacturing by Manufacturing SMEs. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(4), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042364 Babugura, A. A. (2020). Gender and green jobs in agriculture. Agenda, 34(1), 108–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2020.1719705 Bandeira M.L., Espinoza-Santeli G., Parra F.L. (2021) Regional Review: Latin America. In: Crowther D., Seifi S. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. pp 955-990, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42465-7_32 Bass, L. (2005). Dissemination Models for Cleaner Production and Industrial Ecology. International Journal of Performability Engineering, 1 (1), pp. 89- 99, doi: 10.23940/ijpe.05.1.p89.mag Bass, L. (2007). To make zero emissions technologies and strategies become a reality, the lessons learned of cleaner production dissemination have to be known. Journal of Cleaner Production, pp. 15(13–14), 1205–1216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.07.017 Baxter, P., & Jack, S. (2008). Qualitative case study methodology: Study design and implementation for novice researchers. The Qualitative Report, 13(4), 544-559. Accessed from: http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR13-4/baxter.pdf Bell, M. & Albu, M. (1999), Knowledge systems and technological dynamism in industrial clusters in developing countries, World Development, 27(9), pp. 1715–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00073-X. CGIAR, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research. (2020). El Rol de la Mujer Rural en el Sistema Agroalimentario Latinoamericano/The Role Of Rural Women In The Latin American Agri-Food System. https://a4nh.cgiar.org/2020/10/14/el-rol-de-la-mujer-rural-en-el-sistema-agroalimentario-latinoamericano/ Chistov, V., Aramburu, N., & Carrillo-Hermosilla, J. (2021). Open eco-innovation: A bibliometric review of emerging research. Journal of Cleaner Production, 311(October 2020), 127627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127627 Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2006). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Pag 58 – 88. Creswell, John & Clark, Vickie & Gutmann, Michelle & Hanson, William. (2003). Advance Mixed methods Research Designs. De las Cuevas, P., García-Arenas, M., & Rico, N. (2022). Why Not STEM? A Study Case on the Influence of Gender Factors on Students’ Higher Education Choice. Mathematics, 10(2), 239. MDPI AG. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10020239 Dieleman, H. (2007). Cleaner production and innovation theory; social experiments as a new model to engage in cleaner production. Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental, 23(2), 79-94. http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0188-49992007000200004&lng=es&tlng=en. DNP, Departamento Nacional de Planeación. (2021). Política para la reactivación, la repotenciación y el crecimiento sostenible e incluyente: Nuevo compromiso por el futuro de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia. https://colaboracion.dnp.gov.co/CDT/Conpes/Econ%C3%B3micos/4023%20Resumen%20ejecutivo.pdf Domènech Casal, Jordi. (2019) STEM: Oportunidades y retos desde la Enseñanza de las Ciencias. Universitas Tarraconensis. Revista de Ciències de l’Educació, Núm. 2, p. 154-168, https://raco.cat/index.php/UTE/article/view/369781. ECLAC, FAO & IICA. (2021). THE OUTLOOK FOR AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE AMERICAS A Perspective on Latin America and the Caribbean 2021 - 2022. San Jose C.R, 15p, ISBN: 978-92-9248-921-2. https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/47209/ECLAC-FAO21-22_en.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yUNICEF, The United Nations Childrens Fund. (2019). Emmons Allison, J., McCrory, K. and Oxnevad, I. (2019), “Closing the renewable energy gender gap in the United States and Canada: the role of women’s professional networking”, Energy Research and Social Science, Elsevier, Vol. 55, pp. 35-45, doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2019.03.011 Evans, K. (1995). Barriers to Participation of Women in Technological Education and the Role of Distance Education. http://hdl.handle.net/11599/465 Feng, W., Hongwei, L., Yao, T., Guan, Y., Xue, Y & Yu, Q. (2022). Water Environmental Pressure Assessment in Agricultural Systems in Central Asia Based on an Integrated Excess Nitrogen Load Model, Science of the Total Environment. 803 (2022) 149912, ISSN 0048-9697, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149912. ( Fernandez-Darras, et al, 2020; Fernández Darraz, María & Sanhueza, Lilian & Mora Guerrero, Gloria. (2020). Mujeres en educación media técnico profesional: Factores que influyen en sus trayectorias educativas y laborales. Pensamiento Educativo: Revista de Investigación Educacional Latinoamericana. 57. 10.7764/PEL.57.1.2020.6. Fisher M, Nyabaro V, Mendum R & Osiru M. (2020). Making it to the PhD: Gender and student performance in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS ONE 15(12): e0241915. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0241915 Gallego, J., Azcárate, J & Kørnøv, L. (2019). Strategic Environmental Assessment for development programs and sustainability transition in the Colombian post-conflict context, Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 74: 35-42, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2018.10.002. Ghassim, B., & Bogers, M. (2019). Linking stakeholder engagement to profitability through sustainability-oriented innovation: A quantitative study of the minerals industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 224, 905–919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.226 Günzel-Jensen, F & Rask, M. (2021). Combating climate change through collaborations? Lessons learnt from one of the biggest failures in environmental entrepreneurship, Journal of Cleaner Production, 278, 123941, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123941. IFPRS, International Food Policy Research Institute. (2012). Jones, O., & Macpherson, A. (2006). Inter-Organizational Learning and Strategic Renewal in SMEs. Extending the 4I Framework. Long Range Planning, 39(2), 155–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2005.02.012 Kern, A. (2018). Gender and the Green Economy [University of Kansas]. In ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29554 Kumar Pathania, S. (2017). Sustainable Development Goal: Gender Equality for Women’S Empowerment and Human Rights. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH, 5(4), 72–82. https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i4.2017.1797 Kwauk, C., & Braga, A. (2017). Three platforms for girls’ education in climate strategies. 6, 1–52. Ma, Y., Hou, G., Yin, Q., Xin, B., & Pan, Y. (2018). The sources of green management innovation: Does internal efficiency demand pull or external knowledge supply push? Journal of Cleaner Production, 202, 582–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.173 MacArthur, J., Carrard, N & Willetts, J. (2021) Exploring gendered change: concepts and trends in gender equality assessments, Third World Quarterly, 42:9, 2189-2208: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2021.1911636 Machuve, J., & Mkenda, E. (2019). Promoting STEM education through sustainable manufacturing: Case study of photovoltaic toys. Procedia Manufacturing, 33, 740–745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2019.04.093 Marroun, S., Young, L. (2018). Multi-method Systematic Observation: Theory and Practice. In: Freytag, P., Young, L. (eds) Collaborative Research Design. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5008-4_9 Mitchell, C. L. (2006). Beyond barriers: examining root causes behind commonly cited Cleaner Production barriers in Vietnam. Journal of Cleaner Production, 14(18), 1576–1585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.04.010 Moreno-Lerma, L.; Díaz, M.F.; Burkart, S. (2021) Public policies and silvo-pastoral systems in Latin America: A comparative study. Poster/Presentation prepared for Tropentag 2021 - Towards shifting paradigms in agriculture for a healthy and sustainable future, 15-17 September 2021. Cali (Colombia): Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT. NU, Naciones Unidas & CEPAL, Comisión Económica Para América Latina y el Caribe. (2020). Construir un nuevo futuro Una recuperación transformadora con igualdad y sostenibilidad. ISBN: 978-92-1-004745-6. https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/46227/1/S2000699_es.pdf Nulkar, G. (2017). Environmental sustainability practices for SMEs. In Green Initiatives for Business Sustainability and Value Creation (Issue June). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2662-9.ch001 OECD, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2021). Gender and the Environment: Building Evidence and Policies to Achieve the SDGs, Women and SDG 2 – Promoting Sustainable Agriculture, OECD Publishing, Paris, 145 p, https://doi.org/10.1787/3d32ca39-en. OIT, Organización Internacional del Trabajo. (2020). Panorama Laboral en Tiempos de la COVID-19: Una recuperación verde y justa en América Latina y el Caribe: una perspectiva desde el mundo del trabajo. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---americas/---ro-lima/documents/publication/wcms_763724.pdf Pallares-Blanch, M., Tulla, A. F., & Vera, A. (2015). Environmental capital and women’s entrepreneurship: A sustainable local development approach. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 10(3), 133–146. Petrik, L., Hao, N., Varjani, S., Osseweijer, P., Xevgenos, D., Van Loosdrecht, M., Smol, M., Yang, X & Mateo-Sagasta, J. (2022). 5(2): 122-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2022.01.011. Prakash S. and Verma A. K. (2022). Anthropogenic activities and Biodiversity threats, International Journal of Biological Innovations. 4(1): 94-103. https://doi.org/10.46505/IJBI.2022.4110. Prillaman, S. A. (2021). Strength in Numbers: How Women’s Groups Close India’s Political Gender Gap. American Journal of Political Science, 1–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12651 PNUMA. (2021). DECLARACIÓN DE BRIDGETOWN - XXII Reunión del Foro de Ministros de Medio Ambiente de América Latina y el Caribe. 1–13. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle /20.500.11822/34969/Bridgetown_ES.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y Prieto-Sandoval, V., Torres-Guevara, L.E., Ormazabal, M., & Jaca, C. (2021). Beyond the Circular Economy Theory: Implementation Methodology for Industrial SMEs. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 14(3), 425-. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.3413 Qi, G., Jia, Y., & Zou, H. (2021). Is institutional pressure the mother of green innovation? Examining the moderating effect of absorptive capacity. Journal of Cleaner Production, 278, 123957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123957 RIMISP, Centro Latinoamericano Para el Desarrollo Rural. (2008). Feminización de la agricultura en América Latina y África Tendencias y fuerzas impulsoras. Debates y Temas Rurales No 11. https://www.rimisp.org/wp-content/files_mf/1366830040DTR_No.11_Lastarria.pdf Schmitt, M., & Wilkesmann, U. (2020). Women in Management in STEM: Which Factors Influence the Achievement of Leadership Positions? International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 12(3), 328–352. https://genderandset.open.ac.uk/index.php/genderandset/article/view/654 Sepúlveda, L. (2017). La educación técnico-profesional en América Latina Retos y oportunidades para la igualdad de género. Serie Asuntos de Género, 44, 73. http://repositorio.minedu.gob.pe/handle/MINEDU/5407%0Ahttps://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/41046/1/S1700161_es.pdf Sevilla, M. P., Sepúlveda, L. ., & Valdebenito, M. J. . (2019). Producción de diferencias de género en la educación media técnico profesional. Pensamiento Educativo, Revista De Investigación Latinoamericana (PEL), 56(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.7764/PEL.56.1.2019.4 Stake, R. (2005). The sage handbook of qualitative research – Third Edition. Chapter 17: Qualitative Case Studies. Stewart, R., Wright, B., Smith, L., Roberts, S., & Russell, N. (2021). Gendered stereotypes and norms: A systematic review of interventions designed to shift attitudes and behaviour. Heliyon, 7(4), e06660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06660 Trischler, C. (2020). Local learning and capability building through technology transfer: experiences from the Lake Turkana Wind Power project in Kenya, Innovation and Development, DOI: 10.1080/2157930X.2020.1858612 Thomson, G & Hoffman, J. (2002). Measuring the success of environmental education programs. Canada. https://www.abcee.org/sites/default/files/Measuring_the_Success_Sept_7_2010-1.pdf Torres-Guevara, L. E., Prieto-Sandoval, V., & Mejia-Villa, A. (2021). Success drivers for implementing circular economy: A case study from the building sector in colombia. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(3), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031350 Van Camp, A. R., Gilbert, P. N., & O’Brien, L. T. (2019). Testing the effects of a role model intervention on women’s STEM outcomes. Social Psychology of Education, 22(3), 649–671. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-019-09498-2 Van Hoof, B. (2014). Organizational learning in cleaner production among Mexican supply networks, Journal of Cleaner Production, 64, 115-124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.07.041. Vargas, B., Miño, G., Vega, P., & Mariño, J. (2019). Application of resource efficient and cleaner production through best management practice in a pallet manufacturer sawmill located in the city of Puyo-Ecuador. Maderas: Ciencia y Tecnologia, 21(3), 367–380. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-221X2019005000309 Vickers, Ian, and Martyn Cordey-Hayes. (1999). “Cleaner Production and Organizational Learning.” Technology analysis & strategic management 11.1, 75–. Web. Vickers, I. & Cordey-Hayes, M. (1999). Cleaner Production and Organizational Learning. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 11. 1, 75-94 Villegas Pinuer FJ, Llonch Andreu J, Belbeze PL, Valenzuela-Fernández L. (2021). Waste Management. The Disconnection between Normative and SMEs Reality. Sustainability. 13(4):1787. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041787 Wang, W., Yu, B., Yao, X., Niu, T., & Zhang, C. (2018). Can technological learning significantly reduce industrial air pollutants intensity in China?—Based on a multi-factor environmental learning curve. Journal of Cleaner Production, 185, 137–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.028 Yin, R. (2009). Case study research: design and methods – Fourth Edition. Applied Social Research Methods Series, Volume 5 Young, D. M., Rudman, L. A., Buettner, H. M., & McLean, M. C. (2013). The Influence of Female Role Models on Women’s Implicit Science Cognitions. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 37(3), 283–292. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684313482109 |
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv |
Derechos reservados - ECSDEV - Centro Europeo de Desarrollo Sostenible, 2022 |
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
dc.rights.uri.eng.fl_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
dc.rights.accessrights.eng.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.rights.creativecommons.spa.fl_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Derechos reservados - ECSDEV - Centro Europeo de Desarrollo Sostenible, 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv |
17 páginas |
dc.format.mimetype.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
ECSDEV - Centro Europeo de Desarrollo Sostenible |
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Italia |
institution |
Universidad Autónoma de Occidente |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/b685577d-da8f-4daf-bd9f-01a6e35d6666/download https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/4c0f5f76-0c9e-4d31-8287-e3649a766762/download https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/163a85b8-c2b9-498f-9449-6e5d7f49d95c/download https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/8f7b504e-3c92-4af6-883d-73f01628097b/download |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
c19fe8ed96a6c136e8e2b551b43ec24a 6987b791264a2b5525252450f99b10d1 ae4dc6e3572ec75a40891b99fed38ab3 d5965292482ee65f81569e8af10ab4a0 |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Digital Universidad Autonoma de Occidente |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorio@uao.edu.co |
_version_ |
1831928725529165824 |
spelling |
Gallego, VivianaPotes, AndreaVásquez Chaux, Paola Andreavirtual::5772-1Gómez Etayo, Elizabethvirtual::5773-12024-11-13T17:30:42Z2024-11-13T17:30:42Z2022Vásquez Chaux, P. A.; Gómez Etayo, E.; Gallego, V. y Potes, A. (2022). Integrating gender equity in vocational studies to transform agricultural activities towards green and inclusive businesses. European Journal of Sustainable Development. 11(4). p.p. 141-157. Doi:10.14207/ejsd.2022.v11n4p14122395938https://hdl.handle.net/10614/15896Doi:10.14207/ejsd.2022.v11n4p14122396101Universidad Autónoma de OccidenteRespositorio Educativo Digital UAOhttps://red.uao.edu.co/Productive sectors greatly contribute to environmental pollution in Colombia, especially in rural areas. Green businesses emerged as an alternative to reduce such environmental impacts, applying clean technologies that require STEM knowledge. However, the participation of women in environmental STEM careers is still low, particularly those vocationally oriented to eco-efficient agricultural activities. Thus, the research aimed to answer the question: How to integrate gender equity in vocational training processes to transform agricultural activities towards green and inclusive businesses? A vocational institute acted as the unit of analysis for the case study. Interviews, focus groups and surveys were used to collect data on women in two selected training programs. The gender transformative and sustainable production approaches guided the identification of gender barriers and the implementation of strategies to remove them. As a result, female models led trainings and the installation of environmental prototypes, which inspired and developed STEM skills in the female apprentices, and reduced pollution in rural units. Finally, innovative pedagogical processes and gender aspects were introduced in organizational guidelines, seeking the institutionalization of the gender perspective in STEM environmental vocational training programs and fields17 páginasapplication/pdfengECSDEV - Centro Europeo de Desarrollo SostenibleItaliaDerechos reservados - ECSDEV - Centro Europeo de Desarrollo Sostenible, 2022https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Integrating gender equity in vocational studies to transform agricultural activities towards green and inclusive businessesArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85157414111European journal of sustainable developmentADB, Asian Development Bank. (2021), Education in the Asia-Pacific Region: Issues, Concerns and Prospects: Anticipating and Preparing for Emerging Skills and Jobs. 55. https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/42910/2020_Book_AnticipatingAndPreparingForEme.pdf?sequence=1#page=301Achuve, J & Mkenda, E. (2019). Promoting STEM Education Through Sustainable Manufacturing: Case Study of Photovoltaic Toys. Procedia Manufacturing. 33. 740-745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2019.04.093.Ahmed, S & Asraf, M, (2018). The Workshop as a Qualitative Research Approach: Lessons Learnt From a “Critical Thinking Through Writing” Workshop. The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication – TOJDAC. p.1504-1510, DO - 10.7456/1080SSE/201Alarcón, D. M., & Cole, S. (2019). No sustainability for tourism without gender equality. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(7), 903–919. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1588283Alayón, C. L., Säfsten, K., & Johansson, G. (2022). Barriers and Enablers for the Adoption of Sustainable Manufacturing by Manufacturing SMEs. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(4), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042364Babugura, A. A. (2020). Gender and green jobs in agriculture. Agenda, 34(1), 108–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2020.1719705Bandeira M.L., Espinoza-Santeli G., Parra F.L. (2021) Regional Review: Latin America. In: Crowther D., Seifi S. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. pp 955-990, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42465-7_32Bass, L. (2005). Dissemination Models for Cleaner Production and Industrial Ecology. International Journal of Performability Engineering, 1 (1), pp. 89- 99, doi: 10.23940/ijpe.05.1.p89.magBass, L. (2007). To make zero emissions technologies and strategies become a reality, the lessons learned of cleaner production dissemination have to be known. Journal of Cleaner Production, pp. 15(13–14), 1205–1216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.07.017Baxter, P., & Jack, S. (2008). Qualitative case study methodology: Study design and implementation for novice researchers. The Qualitative Report, 13(4), 544-559. Accessed from: http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR13-4/baxter.pdfBell, M. & Albu, M. (1999), Knowledge systems and technological dynamism in industrial clusters in developing countries, World Development, 27(9), pp. 1715–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00073-X.CGIAR, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research. (2020). El Rol de la Mujer Rural en el Sistema Agroalimentario Latinoamericano/The Role Of Rural Women In The Latin American Agri-Food System. https://a4nh.cgiar.org/2020/10/14/el-rol-de-la-mujer-rural-en-el-sistema-agroalimentario-latinoamericano/Chistov, V., Aramburu, N., & Carrillo-Hermosilla, J. (2021). Open eco-innovation: A bibliometric review of emerging research. Journal of Cleaner Production, 311(October 2020), 127627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127627Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2006). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Pag 58 – 88.Creswell, John & Clark, Vickie & Gutmann, Michelle & Hanson, William. (2003). Advance Mixed methods Research Designs.De las Cuevas, P., García-Arenas, M., & Rico, N. (2022). Why Not STEM? A Study Case on the Influence of Gender Factors on Students’ Higher Education Choice. Mathematics, 10(2), 239. MDPI AG. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10020239Dieleman, H. (2007). Cleaner production and innovation theory; social experiments as a new model to engage in cleaner production. Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental, 23(2), 79-94. http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0188-49992007000200004&lng=es&tlng=en.DNP, Departamento Nacional de Planeación. (2021). Política para la reactivación, la repotenciación y el crecimiento sostenible e incluyente: Nuevo compromiso por el futuro de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia. https://colaboracion.dnp.gov.co/CDT/Conpes/Econ%C3%B3micos/4023%20Resumen%20ejecutivo.pdfDomènech Casal, Jordi. (2019) STEM: Oportunidades y retos desde la Enseñanza de las Ciencias. Universitas Tarraconensis. Revista de Ciències de l’Educació, Núm. 2, p. 154-168, https://raco.cat/index.php/UTE/article/view/369781.ECLAC, FAO & IICA. (2021). THE OUTLOOK FOR AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE AMERICAS A Perspective on Latin America and the Caribbean 2021 - 2022. San Jose C.R, 15p, ISBN: 978-92-9248-921-2. https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/47209/ECLAC-FAO21-22_en.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yUNICEF, The United Nations Childrens Fund. (2019).Emmons Allison, J., McCrory, K. and Oxnevad, I. (2019), “Closing the renewable energy gender gap in the United States and Canada: the role of women’s professional networking”, Energy Research and Social Science, Elsevier, Vol. 55, pp. 35-45, doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2019.03.011Evans, K. (1995). Barriers to Participation of Women in Technological Education and the Role of Distance Education. http://hdl.handle.net/11599/465Feng, W., Hongwei, L., Yao, T., Guan, Y., Xue, Y & Yu, Q. (2022). Water Environmental Pressure Assessment in Agricultural Systems in Central Asia Based on an Integrated Excess Nitrogen Load Model, Science of the Total Environment. 803 (2022) 149912, ISSN 0048-9697, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149912. (Fernandez-Darras, et al, 2020; Fernández Darraz, María & Sanhueza, Lilian & Mora Guerrero, Gloria. (2020). Mujeres en educación media técnico profesional: Factores que influyen en sus trayectorias educativas y laborales. Pensamiento Educativo: Revista de Investigación Educacional Latinoamericana. 57. 10.7764/PEL.57.1.2020.6.Fisher M, Nyabaro V, Mendum R & Osiru M. (2020). Making it to the PhD: Gender and student performance in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS ONE 15(12): e0241915. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0241915Gallego, J., Azcárate, J & Kørnøv, L. (2019). Strategic Environmental Assessment for development programs and sustainability transition in the Colombian post-conflict context, Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 74: 35-42, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2018.10.002.Ghassim, B., & Bogers, M. (2019). Linking stakeholder engagement to profitability through sustainability-oriented innovation: A quantitative study of the minerals industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 224, 905–919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.226Günzel-Jensen, F & Rask, M. (2021). Combating climate change through collaborations? Lessons learnt from one of the biggest failures in environmental entrepreneurship, Journal of Cleaner Production, 278, 123941, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123941.IFPRS, International Food Policy Research Institute. (2012). Jones, O., & Macpherson, A. (2006). Inter-Organizational Learning and Strategic Renewal in SMEs. Extending the 4I Framework. Long Range Planning, 39(2), 155–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2005.02.012Kern, A. (2018). Gender and the Green Economy [University of Kansas]. In ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29554Kumar Pathania, S. (2017). Sustainable Development Goal: Gender Equality for Women’S Empowerment and Human Rights. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH, 5(4), 72–82. https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i4.2017.1797Kwauk, C., & Braga, A. (2017). Three platforms for girls’ education in climate strategies. 6, 1–52.Ma, Y., Hou, G., Yin, Q., Xin, B., & Pan, Y. (2018). The sources of green management innovation: Does internal efficiency demand pull or external knowledge supply push? Journal of Cleaner Production, 202, 582–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.173MacArthur, J., Carrard, N & Willetts, J. (2021) Exploring gendered change: concepts and trends in gender equality assessments, Third World Quarterly, 42:9, 2189-2208: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2021.1911636Machuve, J., & Mkenda, E. (2019). Promoting STEM education through sustainable manufacturing: Case study of photovoltaic toys. Procedia Manufacturing, 33, 740–745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2019.04.093Marroun, S., Young, L. (2018). Multi-method Systematic Observation: Theory and Practice. In: Freytag, P., Young, L. (eds) Collaborative Research Design. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5008-4_9Mitchell, C. L. (2006). Beyond barriers: examining root causes behind commonly cited Cleaner Production barriers in Vietnam. Journal of Cleaner Production, 14(18), 1576–1585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.04.010Moreno-Lerma, L.; Díaz, M.F.; Burkart, S. (2021) Public policies and silvo-pastoral systems in Latin America: A comparative study. Poster/Presentation prepared for Tropentag 2021 - Towards shifting paradigms in agriculture for a healthy and sustainable future, 15-17 September 2021. Cali (Colombia): Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT.NU, Naciones Unidas & CEPAL, Comisión Económica Para América Latina y el Caribe. (2020). Construir un nuevo futuro Una recuperación transformadora con igualdad y sostenibilidad. ISBN: 978-92-1-004745-6. https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/46227/1/S2000699_es.pdfNulkar, G. (2017). Environmental sustainability practices for SMEs. In Green Initiatives for Business Sustainability and Value Creation (Issue June). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2662-9.ch001OECD, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2021). Gender and the Environment: Building Evidence and Policies to Achieve the SDGs, Women and SDG 2 – Promoting Sustainable Agriculture, OECD Publishing, Paris, 145 p, https://doi.org/10.1787/3d32ca39-en.OIT, Organización Internacional del Trabajo. (2020). Panorama Laboral en Tiempos de la COVID-19: Una recuperación verde y justa en América Latina y el Caribe: una perspectiva desde el mundo del trabajo. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---americas/---ro-lima/documents/publication/wcms_763724.pdfPallares-Blanch, M., Tulla, A. F., & Vera, A. (2015). Environmental capital and women’s entrepreneurship: A sustainable local development approach. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 10(3), 133–146.Petrik, L., Hao, N., Varjani, S., Osseweijer, P., Xevgenos, D., Van Loosdrecht, M., Smol, M., Yang, X & Mateo-Sagasta, J. (2022). 5(2): 122-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2022.01.011.Prakash S. and Verma A. K. (2022). Anthropogenic activities and Biodiversity threats, International Journal of Biological Innovations. 4(1): 94-103. https://doi.org/10.46505/IJBI.2022.4110.Prillaman, S. A. (2021). Strength in Numbers: How Women’s Groups Close India’s Political Gender Gap. American Journal of Political Science, 1–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12651PNUMA. (2021). DECLARACIÓN DE BRIDGETOWN - XXII Reunión del Foro de Ministros de Medio Ambiente de América Latina y el Caribe. 1–13. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle /20.500.11822/34969/Bridgetown_ES.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=yPrieto-Sandoval, V., Torres-Guevara, L.E., Ormazabal, M., & Jaca, C. (2021). Beyond the Circular Economy Theory: Implementation Methodology for Industrial SMEs. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 14(3), 425-. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.3413Qi, G., Jia, Y., & Zou, H. (2021). Is institutional pressure the mother of green innovation? Examining the moderating effect of absorptive capacity. Journal of Cleaner Production, 278, 123957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123957RIMISP, Centro Latinoamericano Para el Desarrollo Rural. (2008). Feminización de la agricultura en América Latina y África Tendencias y fuerzas impulsoras. Debates y Temas Rurales No 11. https://www.rimisp.org/wp-content/files_mf/1366830040DTR_No.11_Lastarria.pdfSchmitt, M., & Wilkesmann, U. (2020). Women in Management in STEM: Which Factors Influence the Achievement of Leadership Positions? International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 12(3), 328–352. https://genderandset.open.ac.uk/index.php/genderandset/article/view/654Sepúlveda, L. (2017). La educación técnico-profesional en América Latina Retos y oportunidades para la igualdad de género. Serie Asuntos de Género, 44, 73. http://repositorio.minedu.gob.pe/handle/MINEDU/5407%0Ahttps://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/41046/1/S1700161_es.pdfSevilla, M. P., Sepúlveda, L. ., & Valdebenito, M. J. . (2019). Producción de diferencias de género en la educación media técnico profesional. Pensamiento Educativo, Revista De Investigación Latinoamericana (PEL), 56(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.7764/PEL.56.1.2019.4Stake, R. (2005). The sage handbook of qualitative research – Third Edition. Chapter 17: Qualitative Case Studies.Stewart, R., Wright, B., Smith, L., Roberts, S., & Russell, N. (2021). Gendered stereotypes and norms: A systematic review of interventions designed to shift attitudes and behaviour. Heliyon, 7(4), e06660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06660Trischler, C. (2020). Local learning and capability building through technology transfer: experiences from the Lake Turkana Wind Power project in Kenya, Innovation and Development, DOI: 10.1080/2157930X.2020.1858612Thomson, G & Hoffman, J. (2002). Measuring the success of environmental education programs. Canada. https://www.abcee.org/sites/default/files/Measuring_the_Success_Sept_7_2010-1.pdfTorres-Guevara, L. E., Prieto-Sandoval, V., & Mejia-Villa, A. (2021). Success drivers for implementing circular economy: A case study from the building sector in colombia. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(3), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031350Van Camp, A. R., Gilbert, P. N., & O’Brien, L. T. (2019). Testing the effects of a role model intervention on women’s STEM outcomes. Social Psychology of Education, 22(3), 649–671. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-019-09498-2Van Hoof, B. (2014). Organizational learning in cleaner production among Mexican supply networks, Journal of Cleaner Production, 64, 115-124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.07.041.Vargas, B., Miño, G., Vega, P., & Mariño, J. (2019). Application of resource efficient and cleaner production through best management practice in a pallet manufacturer sawmill located in the city of Puyo-Ecuador. Maderas: Ciencia y Tecnologia, 21(3), 367–380. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-221X2019005000309Vickers, Ian, and Martyn Cordey-Hayes. (1999). “Cleaner Production and Organizational Learning.” Technology analysis & strategic management 11.1, 75–. Web.Vickers, I. & Cordey-Hayes, M. (1999). Cleaner Production and Organizational Learning. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 11. 1, 75-94Villegas Pinuer FJ, Llonch Andreu J, Belbeze PL, Valenzuela-Fernández L. (2021). Waste Management. The Disconnection between Normative and SMEs Reality. Sustainability. 13(4):1787. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041787Wang, W., Yu, B., Yao, X., Niu, T., & Zhang, C. (2018). Can technological learning significantly reduce industrial air pollutants intensity in China?—Based on a multi-factor environmental learning curve. Journal of Cleaner Production, 185, 137–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.028Yin, R. (2009). Case study research: design and methods – Fourth Edition. Applied Social Research Methods Series, Volume 5Young, D. M., Rudman, L. A., Buettner, H. M., & McLean, M. C. (2013). The Influence of Female Role Models on Women’s Implicit Science Cognitions. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 37(3), 283–292. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684313482109Gender equityVocational education and STEMGreen businessWomanAgricultural activitiesRurality and sustainable productionGender transformativeComunidad generalPublicationa8ea796d-a530-4cb7-9e65-0942743d4d86virtual::5772-1d95fb26f-740e-40b6-95dc-3dd1db7bb2c2virtual::5773-1a8ea796d-a530-4cb7-9e65-0942743d4d86virtual::5772-1d95fb26f-740e-40b6-95dc-3dd1db7bb2c2virtual::5773-1https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=QAmzzqIAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=aovirtual::5773-10000-0002-7384-869Xvirtual::5773-1https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000249882virtual::5772-1https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000540692virtual::5773-1ORIGINALIntegrating_gender_equity_in_vocational_studies_to_transform_agricultural_activities_towards_green_and_inclusive_businesses.pdfIntegrating_gender_equity_in_vocational_studies_to_transform_agricultural_activities_towards_green_and_inclusive_businesses.pdfArchivo texto completo del artículo de revista, PDFapplication/pdf245318https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/b685577d-da8f-4daf-bd9f-01a6e35d6666/downloadc19fe8ed96a6c136e8e2b551b43ec24aMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81672https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/4c0f5f76-0c9e-4d31-8287-e3649a766762/download6987b791264a2b5525252450f99b10d1MD52TEXTIntegrating_gender_equity_in_vocational_studies_to_transform_agricultural_activities_towards_green_and_inclusive_businesses.pdf.txtIntegrating_gender_equity_in_vocational_studies_to_transform_agricultural_activities_towards_green_and_inclusive_businesses.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain64615https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/163a85b8-c2b9-498f-9449-6e5d7f49d95c/downloadae4dc6e3572ec75a40891b99fed38ab3MD53THUMBNAILIntegrating_gender_equity_in_vocational_studies_to_transform_agricultural_activities_towards_green_and_inclusive_businesses.pdf.jpgIntegrating_gender_equity_in_vocational_studies_to_transform_agricultural_activities_towards_green_and_inclusive_businesses.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg13066https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/8f7b504e-3c92-4af6-883d-73f01628097b/downloadd5965292482ee65f81569e8af10ab4a0MD5410614/15896oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/158962024-11-16 03:01:29.223https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Derechos reservados - ECSDEV - Centro Europeo de Desarrollo Sostenible, 2022open.accesshttps://red.uao.edu.coRepositorio Digital Universidad Autonoma de Occidenterepositorio@uao.edu.coPHA+RUwgQVVUT1IgYXV0b3JpemEgYSBsYSBVbml2ZXJzaWRhZCBBdXTDs25vbWEgZGUgT2NjaWRlbnRlLCBkZSBmb3JtYSBpbmRlZmluaWRhLCBwYXJhIHF1ZSBlbiBsb3MgdMOpcm1pbm9zIGVzdGFibGVjaWRvcyBlbiBsYSBMZXkgMjMgZGUgMTk4MiwgbGEgTGV5IDQ0IGRlIDE5OTMsIGxhIERlY2lzacOzbiBhbmRpbmEgMzUxIGRlIDE5OTMsIGVsIERlY3JldG8gNDYwIGRlIDE5OTUgeSBkZW3DoXMgbGV5ZXMgeSBqdXJpc3BydWRlbmNpYSB2aWdlbnRlIGFsIHJlc3BlY3RvLCBoYWdhIHB1YmxpY2FjacOzbiBkZSBlc3RlIGNvbiBmaW5lcyBlZHVjYXRpdm9zLiBQQVJBR1JBRk86IEVzdGEgYXV0b3JpemFjacOzbiBhZGVtw6FzIGRlIHNlciB2w6FsaWRhIHBhcmEgbGFzIGZhY3VsdGFkZXMgeSBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSB1c28gc29icmUgbGEgb2JyYSBlbiBmb3JtYXRvIG8gc29wb3J0ZSBtYXRlcmlhbCwgdGFtYmnDqW4gcGFyYSBmb3JtYXRvIGRpZ2l0YWwsIGVsZWN0csOzbmljbywgdmlydHVhbCwgcGFyYSB1c29zIGVuIHJlZCwgSW50ZXJuZXQsIGV4dHJhbmV0LCBpbnRyYW5ldCwgYmlibGlvdGVjYSBkaWdpdGFsIHkgZGVtw6FzIHBhcmEgY3VhbHF1aWVyIGZvcm1hdG8gY29ub2NpZG8gbyBwb3IgY29ub2Nlci4gRUwgQVVUT1IsIGV4cHJlc2EgcXVlIGVsIGRvY3VtZW50byAodHJhYmFqbyBkZSBncmFkbywgcGFzYW50w61hLCBjYXNvcyBvIHRlc2lzKSBvYmpldG8gZGUgbGEgcHJlc2VudGUgYXV0b3JpemFjacOzbiBlcyBvcmlnaW5hbCB5IGxhIGVsYWJvcsOzIHNpbiBxdWVicmFudGFyIG5pIHN1cGxhbnRhciBsb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgZGUgYXV0b3IgZGUgdGVyY2Vyb3MsIHkgZGUgdGFsIGZvcm1hLCBlbCBkb2N1bWVudG8gKHRyYWJham8gZGUgZ3JhZG8sIHBhc2FudMOtYSwgY2Fzb3MgbyB0ZXNpcykgZXMgZGUgc3UgZXhjbHVzaXZhIGF1dG9yw61hIHkgdGllbmUgbGEgdGl0dWxhcmlkYWQgc29icmUgw6lzdGUuIFBBUkFHUkFGTzogZW4gY2FzbyBkZSBwcmVzZW50YXJzZSBhbGd1bmEgcmVjbGFtYWNpw7NuIG8gYWNjacOzbiBwb3IgcGFydGUgZGUgdW4gdGVyY2VybywgcmVmZXJlbnRlIGEgbG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIGRlIGF1dG9yIHNvYnJlIGVsIGRvY3VtZW50byAoVHJhYmFqbyBkZSBncmFkbywgUGFzYW50w61hLCBjYXNvcyBvIHRlc2lzKSBlbiBjdWVzdGnDs24sIEVMIEFVVE9SLCBhc3VtaXLDoSBsYSByZXNwb25zYWJpbGlkYWQgdG90YWwsIHkgc2FsZHLDoSBlbiBkZWZlbnNhIGRlIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBhcXXDrSBhdXRvcml6YWRvczsgcGFyYSB0b2RvcyBsb3MgZWZlY3RvcywgbGEgVW5pdmVyc2lkYWQgIEF1dMOzbm9tYSBkZSBPY2NpZGVudGUgYWN0w7phIGNvbW8gdW4gdGVyY2VybyBkZSBidWVuYSBmZS4gVG9kYSBwZXJzb25hIHF1ZSBjb25zdWx0ZSB5YSBzZWEgZW4gbGEgYmlibGlvdGVjYSBvIGVuIG1lZGlvIGVsZWN0csOzbmljbyBwb2Ryw6EgY29waWFyIGFwYXJ0ZXMgZGVsIHRleHRvIGNpdGFuZG8gc2llbXByZSBsYSBmdWVudGUsIGVzIGRlY2lyIGVsIHTDrXR1bG8gZGVsIHRyYWJham8geSBlbCBhdXRvci4gRXN0YSBhdXRvcml6YWNpw7NuIG5vIGltcGxpY2EgcmVudW5jaWEgYSBsYSBmYWN1bHRhZCBxdWUgdGllbmUgRUwgQVVUT1IgZGUgcHVibGljYXIgdG90YWwgbyBwYXJjaWFsbWVudGUgbGEgb2JyYS48L3A+Cg== |