Commission for the upper Cauca River basin recovery, collaborative governance for sustainability and water security

Rivers are essential for life, there is an indissoluble relationship between the natural system and the human system. Aquatic ecosystems guarantee ecosystem services to the human system, on the other hand, the human system makes use of these services and as a result of this generates effects on the...

Full description

Autores:
Sánchez Torres, Luis Darío
Galvis Castaño, Alberto
Gandini Ayerbe, Mario Andrés
Almario, Gloria
Montero, María Victoria
Vergara, María Virginia
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2022
Institución:
Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
Repositorio:
RED: Repositorio Educativo Digital UAO
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/14704
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/10614/14704
https://red.uao.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Manejo de cuencas hidrográficas
Watershed management
River recovery
Governance
Water security
Sustainability
Upper Cauca river basin
Rights
openAccess
License
Derechos reservados - Frontiers Media S.A., 2022
id REPOUAO2_55ce6d651876ef5e43745e4240d0f363
oai_identifier_str oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/14704
network_acronym_str REPOUAO2
network_name_str RED: Repositorio Educativo Digital UAO
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Commission for the upper Cauca River basin recovery, collaborative governance for sustainability and water security
title Commission for the upper Cauca River basin recovery, collaborative governance for sustainability and water security
spellingShingle Commission for the upper Cauca River basin recovery, collaborative governance for sustainability and water security
Manejo de cuencas hidrográficas
Watershed management
River recovery
Governance
Water security
Sustainability
Upper Cauca river basin
title_short Commission for the upper Cauca River basin recovery, collaborative governance for sustainability and water security
title_full Commission for the upper Cauca River basin recovery, collaborative governance for sustainability and water security
title_fullStr Commission for the upper Cauca River basin recovery, collaborative governance for sustainability and water security
title_full_unstemmed Commission for the upper Cauca River basin recovery, collaborative governance for sustainability and water security
title_sort Commission for the upper Cauca River basin recovery, collaborative governance for sustainability and water security
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Sánchez Torres, Luis Darío
Galvis Castaño, Alberto
Gandini Ayerbe, Mario Andrés
Almario, Gloria
Montero, María Victoria
Vergara, María Virginia
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Sánchez Torres, Luis Darío
Galvis Castaño, Alberto
Gandini Ayerbe, Mario Andrés
Almario, Gloria
Montero, María Victoria
Vergara, María Virginia
dc.subject.armarc.spa.fl_str_mv Manejo de cuencas hidrográficas
topic Manejo de cuencas hidrográficas
Watershed management
River recovery
Governance
Water security
Sustainability
Upper Cauca river basin
dc.subject.armarc.eng.fl_str_mv Watershed management
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv River recovery
Governance
Water security
Sustainability
Upper Cauca river basin
description Rivers are essential for life, there is an indissoluble relationship between the natural system and the human system. Aquatic ecosystems guarantee ecosystem services to the human system, on the other hand, the human system makes use of these services and as a result of this generates effects on the natural system. However, an over use of these services could adversely impact the natural system. Therefore, the recovery of rivers is a priority for the planet. This work describes the progress of the Commission for the recovery of the upper Cauca river basin as a collaborative governance for sustainability and water security in the region. The upper basin is between the Colombian massif in the department of Cauca and the municipality of Cartago in Valle del Cauca. It is an important natural, cultural, social, and economic resource of Colombia, but it presents a continuous deterioration of water availability, both in quantity and quality, limiting its use for human consumption and a reduction in biodiversity. This work shows that the Commission for the upper Cauca river basin recovery is a process in development. The Commission is an instance made up of public and private entities, which arises from the failure of the current model of water resource management in Colombia. The central problem is how to transcend short-term planning in administrations to long-term planning based on a shared vision. Collaborative governance is proposed as a recovery of the Cauca river based on the concept of bioculturality and the rights of nature, due to the deep relationship of unity between nature and the human species. The need to achieve a shared vision is highlighted, to act under the watershed vision with all the actors involved. In addition, minimal and conclusive indicators must be defined that society recognizes and that motivates it to advance in the recovery. The aquatic ecosystems recovery is a priority, understanding that the investments required for achieving this goal can also significantly contribute to sustainability and water security for the region
publishDate 2022
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2022-04-14
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-05-08T14:07:06Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-05-08T14:07:06Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.coar.eng.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.content.eng.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.eng.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.redcol.eng.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
dc.type.version.eng.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 26249375
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10614/14704
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv Repositorio Educativo Digital UAO
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://red.uao.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv 26249375
Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
Repositorio Educativo Digital UAO
url https://hdl.handle.net/10614/14704
https://red.uao.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.eng.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 13
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 1
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 4
dc.relation.cites.spa.fl_str_mv Sánchez Torres, L.D., Galvis Castaño, A., Gandini, M. A., Almario, G., Montero, M.V., Vergara, M.V. (Abril 14, 2022). Commission for the upper Cauca River basin recovery, collaborative governance for sustainability and water security. Frontiers in water. 4, 1-13. https://hdl.handle.net/10614/14704
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.eng.fl_str_mv Frontiers in water
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv Akhmouch, A., and Correia, F. N. (2016). The 12 OECD principles on water governance e when science meets policy. Util. Policy. 43, 14-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jup.201 6.06.004
Baldwin, C., and Ross, H. (2012). Bridging troubled waters: applying consensus- building techniques to water planning. Soc. Nat. Resour. 25, 217–234. doi: 10.1080/08941920.2011.578120
Brower, A. L. (2016). Is collaboration good for the environment? Or, what’s wrong with the land and water forum? N. Z. J. Ecol. 40, 390–397. doi: 10.20417/nzjecol.40.42
Corte Constitucional de Colombia (2016). Sentencia T-626, Magistrada Ponente, M.P. María Victoria Calle Correa. Obtenido de. Available online at: https://www. corteconstitucional.gov.co/relatoria/2016/T-626-16.htm (accessed February 16, 2021).
Ernstson, H., Barthel, S., Andersson, E., and Borgstrom, S. (2010). Scalecrossing brokers and network governance of urban ecosystem services: the case of Stockholm. Ecol. Soc. 15:28. doi: 10.5751/ES-03692- 150428
Galvis, A. (2019). Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control for the Municipal Water Cycle in a River Basin Context. Validation of the Three-Step Strategic Approach. Leiden: IHE Delft & Wageningen University and Research. doi: 10.18174/475836
Ingram, H. (2008). Beyond universal remedies for good water governance: A political and contextual approach. University of Arizona and University of California, Irvine, California, United States. Available online at: https://www.researchgate. net/publication/238658113
Kaiser, N. N., Feld, C. K., and Stoll, S. (2020). Does river restoration increase ecosystem services?. Ecosyst. Serv. 46, 101206. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101206
McCully, P. (2002). Silenced Rivers: The Ecology and Politics of Large Dams. London: Zed Books
Morandi, B., Kail, J., Toedter, A., Wolter, C., and Piégay, H. (2017). Diverse approaches to implement and monitor river restoration: a comparative perspective in France and Germany. Environ. Manag. 60, 931–946. doi: 10.1007/s00267-017-0923-3
Nijland, H. J., and Cals, M. J. R. (2000). “River restoration in Europe, practical approaches,” in Proceeding in Conference on River Restoration (Wagenningen).
Samant S. R., and Brears R. C. (2017). “Urban waterfront revivals of the future,” in Greening Cities: Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements, eds P. Tan and C. Jim (Singapore: Springer). doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-4113-6_15
Singh, A. P., and Dhadse, K. (2021). Economic evaluation of crop production in the Ganges region under climate change: a sustainable policy framework. J. Cleaner Prod. 278, 123413. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123413
Vojinovic, Z., and Huang, J. (2014). Unflooding Asia: The Green Cities Way. Vol. 13. Water Intelligence Online: IWA Publishing.
Yeboah-Assiamah, E., Muller, K., and Domfeh, K. A. (2018). Transdisciplinary approach to natural resource governance research: a conceptual paper. Manag. Environ. Qual. Int. 29, 15–33. doi: 10.1108/MEQ-04-2016-0034
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv Derechos reservados - Frontiers Media S.A., 2022
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.uri.eng.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.eng.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.creativecommons.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
rights_invalid_str_mv Derechos reservados - Frontiers Media S.A., 2022
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 13 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.eng.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.eng.fl_str_mv Frontiers
institution Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/a279a2e3-a6e9-43af-b345-191b40ea5941/download
https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/e3bf1a6e-328b-49b3-9e2c-117caf1f4efb/download
https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/1297acc7-7ace-4b06-bce0-99911ac9d294/download
https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/da87b8c4-7402-445a-aaa3-3528016fecfa/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 8e57ed8fc5de5192529d33eb2cfcc071
20b5ba22b1117f71589c7318baa2c560
c7e8f1156448a7414e5a4b361174b074
9eefccc4cfee3da429bd3b080d95d0d1
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Digital Universidad Autonoma de Occidente
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositorio@uao.edu.co
_version_ 1814260063001378816
spelling Sánchez Torres, Luis Darío6c2dec3b3e32e47375b7da8fa3367863Galvis Castaño, Alberto5adf32f5ff2f0ffd1a2de2c271929ee7Gandini Ayerbe, Mario Andrésvirtual::1855-1Almario, Gloriad1449310eba9bbbf92160d1eb60b9b27Montero, María Victoria550ebb2c10b3ffbf82ae186d6438f151Vergara, María Virginiae7f0d6431ddafa1c15f9a6fdcaccadb72023-05-08T14:07:06Z2023-05-08T14:07:06Z2022-04-1426249375https://hdl.handle.net/10614/14704Universidad Autónoma de OccidenteRepositorio Educativo Digital UAOhttps://red.uao.edu.co/Rivers are essential for life, there is an indissoluble relationship between the natural system and the human system. Aquatic ecosystems guarantee ecosystem services to the human system, on the other hand, the human system makes use of these services and as a result of this generates effects on the natural system. However, an over use of these services could adversely impact the natural system. Therefore, the recovery of rivers is a priority for the planet. This work describes the progress of the Commission for the recovery of the upper Cauca river basin as a collaborative governance for sustainability and water security in the region. The upper basin is between the Colombian massif in the department of Cauca and the municipality of Cartago in Valle del Cauca. It is an important natural, cultural, social, and economic resource of Colombia, but it presents a continuous deterioration of water availability, both in quantity and quality, limiting its use for human consumption and a reduction in biodiversity. This work shows that the Commission for the upper Cauca river basin recovery is a process in development. The Commission is an instance made up of public and private entities, which arises from the failure of the current model of water resource management in Colombia. The central problem is how to transcend short-term planning in administrations to long-term planning based on a shared vision. Collaborative governance is proposed as a recovery of the Cauca river based on the concept of bioculturality and the rights of nature, due to the deep relationship of unity between nature and the human species. The need to achieve a shared vision is highlighted, to act under the watershed vision with all the actors involved. In addition, minimal and conclusive indicators must be defined that society recognizes and that motivates it to advance in the recovery. The aquatic ecosystems recovery is a priority, understanding that the investments required for achieving this goal can also significantly contribute to sustainability and water security for the region13 páginasapplication/pdfengFrontiersDerechos reservados - Frontiers Media S.A., 2022https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Commission for the upper Cauca River basin recovery, collaborative governance for sustainability and water securityArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Manejo de cuencas hidrográficasWatershed managementRiver recoveryGovernanceWater securitySustainabilityUpper Cauca river basin1314Sánchez Torres, L.D., Galvis Castaño, A., Gandini, M. A., Almario, G., Montero, M.V., Vergara, M.V. (Abril 14, 2022). Commission for the upper Cauca River basin recovery, collaborative governance for sustainability and water security. Frontiers in water. 4, 1-13. https://hdl.handle.net/10614/14704Frontiers in waterAkhmouch, A., and Correia, F. N. (2016). The 12 OECD principles on water governance e when science meets policy. Util. Policy. 43, 14-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jup.201 6.06.004Baldwin, C., and Ross, H. (2012). Bridging troubled waters: applying consensus- building techniques to water planning. Soc. Nat. Resour. 25, 217–234. doi: 10.1080/08941920.2011.578120Brower, A. L. (2016). Is collaboration good for the environment? Or, what’s wrong with the land and water forum? N. Z. J. Ecol. 40, 390–397. doi: 10.20417/nzjecol.40.42Corte Constitucional de Colombia (2016). Sentencia T-626, Magistrada Ponente, M.P. María Victoria Calle Correa. Obtenido de. Available online at: https://www. corteconstitucional.gov.co/relatoria/2016/T-626-16.htm (accessed February 16, 2021).Ernstson, H., Barthel, S., Andersson, E., and Borgstrom, S. (2010). Scalecrossing brokers and network governance of urban ecosystem services: the case of Stockholm. Ecol. Soc. 15:28. doi: 10.5751/ES-03692- 150428Galvis, A. (2019). Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control for the Municipal Water Cycle in a River Basin Context. Validation of the Three-Step Strategic Approach. Leiden: IHE Delft & Wageningen University and Research. doi: 10.18174/475836Ingram, H. (2008). Beyond universal remedies for good water governance: A political and contextual approach. University of Arizona and University of California, Irvine, California, United States. Available online at: https://www.researchgate. net/publication/238658113Kaiser, N. N., Feld, C. K., and Stoll, S. (2020). Does river restoration increase ecosystem services?. Ecosyst. Serv. 46, 101206. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101206McCully, P. (2002). Silenced Rivers: The Ecology and Politics of Large Dams. London: Zed BooksMorandi, B., Kail, J., Toedter, A., Wolter, C., and Piégay, H. (2017). Diverse approaches to implement and monitor river restoration: a comparative perspective in France and Germany. Environ. Manag. 60, 931–946. doi: 10.1007/s00267-017-0923-3Nijland, H. J., and Cals, M. J. R. (2000). “River restoration in Europe, practical approaches,” in Proceeding in Conference on River Restoration (Wagenningen).Samant S. R., and Brears R. C. (2017). “Urban waterfront revivals of the future,” in Greening Cities: Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements, eds P. Tan and C. Jim (Singapore: Springer). doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-4113-6_15Singh, A. P., and Dhadse, K. (2021). Economic evaluation of crop production in the Ganges region under climate change: a sustainable policy framework. J. Cleaner Prod. 278, 123413. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123413Vojinovic, Z., and Huang, J. (2014). Unflooding Asia: The Green Cities Way. Vol. 13. Water Intelligence Online: IWA Publishing.Yeboah-Assiamah, E., Muller, K., and Domfeh, K. A. (2018). Transdisciplinary approach to natural resource governance research: a conceptual paper. Manag. Environ. Qual. Int. 29, 15–33. doi: 10.1108/MEQ-04-2016-0034Comunidad generalPublication1b7ae0bb-d40b-4d15-94ee-5d8949aad3c5virtual::1855-11b7ae0bb-d40b-4d15-94ee-5d8949aad3c5virtual::1855-10000-0002-6430-2601virtual::1855-1https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000952028virtual::1855-1ORIGINALCommission_for_the_Upper_Cauca_River_Basin_Recovery,_Collaborative_Governance_for_Sustainability_and_Water_Security.pdfCommission_for_the_Upper_Cauca_River_Basin_Recovery,_Collaborative_Governance_for_Sustainability_and_Water_Security.pdftexto completo del artículoapplication/pdf1132741https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/a279a2e3-a6e9-43af-b345-191b40ea5941/download8e57ed8fc5de5192529d33eb2cfcc071MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81665https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/e3bf1a6e-328b-49b3-9e2c-117caf1f4efb/download20b5ba22b1117f71589c7318baa2c560MD52TEXTCommission_for_the_Upper_Cauca_River_Basin_Recovery,_Collaborative_Governance_for_Sustainability_and_Water_Security.pdf.txtCommission_for_the_Upper_Cauca_River_Basin_Recovery,_Collaborative_Governance_for_Sustainability_and_Water_Security.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain72882https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/1297acc7-7ace-4b06-bce0-99911ac9d294/downloadc7e8f1156448a7414e5a4b361174b074MD53THUMBNAILCommission_for_the_Upper_Cauca_River_Basin_Recovery,_Collaborative_Governance_for_Sustainability_and_Water_Security.pdf.jpgCommission_for_the_Upper_Cauca_River_Basin_Recovery,_Collaborative_Governance_for_Sustainability_and_Water_Security.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg14984https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/da87b8c4-7402-445a-aaa3-3528016fecfa/download9eefccc4cfee3da429bd3b080d95d0d1MD5410614/14704oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/147042024-03-21 11:05:11.708https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Derechos reservados - Frontiers Media S.A., 2022open.accesshttps://red.uao.edu.coRepositorio Digital Universidad Autonoma de Occidenterepositorio@uao.edu.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