Comprehensive analysis of ethanol production from coffee mucilage under sustainability indicators
This article shows the results obtained by analyzing an emerging technology to produce bioethanol from coffee mucilage under sustainable development constraints. The investigation showed that the addition of an antibiotic is important to avoid contamination of the mucilage related to the presence of...
- Autores:
-
Flórez Pardo, Luz Marina
Valencia Castillo, Natalia
Velez Duran, Yoly Mileidy
Jurado Rosero, Javier Arturo
Lozano Moreno, Jairo Alexander
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
- Repositorio:
- RED: Repositorio Educativo Digital UAO
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/14756
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/10614/14756
https://red.uao.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Bioetanol
Sostenibilidad
Mucílago
Mucilage
Sustainability
Bioethanol
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Derechos reservados - Elsevier, 2022
id |
REPOUAO2_301e7d3adf0a175fbb90e42b5e8fe385 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/14756 |
network_acronym_str |
REPOUAO2 |
network_name_str |
RED: Repositorio Educativo Digital UAO |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Comprehensive analysis of ethanol production from coffee mucilage under sustainability indicators |
title |
Comprehensive analysis of ethanol production from coffee mucilage under sustainability indicators |
spellingShingle |
Comprehensive analysis of ethanol production from coffee mucilage under sustainability indicators Bioetanol Sostenibilidad Mucílago Mucilage Sustainability Bioethanol |
title_short |
Comprehensive analysis of ethanol production from coffee mucilage under sustainability indicators |
title_full |
Comprehensive analysis of ethanol production from coffee mucilage under sustainability indicators |
title_fullStr |
Comprehensive analysis of ethanol production from coffee mucilage under sustainability indicators |
title_full_unstemmed |
Comprehensive analysis of ethanol production from coffee mucilage under sustainability indicators |
title_sort |
Comprehensive analysis of ethanol production from coffee mucilage under sustainability indicators |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Flórez Pardo, Luz Marina Valencia Castillo, Natalia Velez Duran, Yoly Mileidy Jurado Rosero, Javier Arturo Lozano Moreno, Jairo Alexander |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Flórez Pardo, Luz Marina Valencia Castillo, Natalia Velez Duran, Yoly Mileidy Jurado Rosero, Javier Arturo Lozano Moreno, Jairo Alexander |
dc.subject.armarc.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bioetanol Sostenibilidad Mucílago |
topic |
Bioetanol Sostenibilidad Mucílago Mucilage Sustainability Bioethanol |
dc.subject.armarc.eng.fl_str_mv |
Mucilage Sustainability Bioethanol |
description |
This article shows the results obtained by analyzing an emerging technology to produce bioethanol from coffee mucilage under sustainable development constraints. The investigation showed that the addition of an antibiotic is important to avoid contamination of the mucilage related to the presence of bacteria since these microorganisms can eat the sugars present in the biomass for their metabolism. On the other hand, for the conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose into simple reducing sugars present in coffee mucilage, the addition of the enzyme pectinase was necessary. The ANOVA analysis showed that the cellulase dose is the most significant factor in the hydrolysis process. The adequate doses of enzymes for the enzymatic hydrolysis process of coffee mucilage were obtained by the response surface method, finding an optimal value of 0,352 mL and 0,134 mL of cellulase and hemicellulase, respectively, per 100 mL of mucilage. From the logistics approach, the supply of coffee mucilage to a second-generation ethanol pilot plant with an installed capacity of 15.000 liters of mucilage per week was considered. Ideally, the pulping process must be carried out mechanically without water, ensuring a mucilage Brix content between 16 and 21, which would favor an ethanol yield close to 8% (v/v) in the must. A potential production of 4,137 liters of ethanol could be achieved with a total logistics cost of USD 305 if the available mucilage is collected. A potential reduction of 7,650 kg of carbon dioxide is possible if the ethanol produced is used to replace the same amount of gasoline in the trans portation industry |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-12 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-05-17T20:14:50Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-05-17T20:14:50Z |
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
dc.type.coar.eng.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
dc.type.content.eng.fl_str_mv |
Text |
dc.type.driver.eng.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.redcol.eng.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
dc.type.version.eng.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv |
02552701 |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/10614/14756 |
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Autónoma de Occidente |
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Educativo Digital UAO |
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://red.uao.edu.co/ |
identifier_str_mv |
02552701 Universidad Autónoma de Occidente Repositorio Educativo Digital UAO |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10614/14756 https://red.uao.edu.co/ |
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
11 |
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
1 |
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv |
182 |
dc.relation.cites.spa.fl_str_mv |
Flórez Pardo, L.M., Valencia Castillo, N., Vélez Duran, Y.M., Jurado Rosero, J. A., Lozano Moreno, J.A. (2022). Comprehensive analysis of ethanol production from coffee mucilage under sustainability indicators. Chemical Engineering And Processing - Process Intensification. Elsevier, 182, 1-11. https://hdl.handle.net/10614/14756 |
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Chemical Engineering And Processing - Process Intensification |
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv |
N Rodríguez Valencia, Zambrano Franco, Los subproductos del caf´e: fuente de energía renovable, Avances T´ecnicos Cenicaf´e (2010). ISSN-0120-0178. A.C. Ramírez Gomez, ´ C.E. Oliveros Tascon, ´ J.R. Sanz Uribe, Manejo de Lixiviados y Aguas de Lavado en el Proceso De Beneficiohúmedo Del Caf´e, Cenicaf´e, 2015. B.Y. P´erez-Sarinana, ˜ S. Saldana-Trinidad, ˜ Bioethanol production from coffee mucilage, Energy Procedia (2014). B.M. Gouvea, C. Torres, A.S. Franca, L.S. Oliveira, E.S. Oliveira, Feasibility of ethanol production from coffee husks, Biotechnol. Lett. (2009), https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10529-009-0023-4. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible [Minambiente]. (2012). Decreto 2667 de 2012. Recuperado 18 de marzo de 2020, de https://www.suin-juriscol. gov.co/viewDocument.asp?id=1478824#ver_1478861. G.L. Miller, Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar, Anal. Chem. (1959), https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60147a030. L.M. Florez-Pardo, ´ J.E. Lopez-Gal ´ an, ´ Chemical analysis and characterization of biomass for biorefineries. Analytical Techniques and Methods for Biomass, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41414-0_9. Salcedo, J., Lop´ez, J., & Florez, L. (2011). Evaluation of enzymes for the hydrolysis of waste (Leaves And Top Cane) from the harvest of sugar cane. 78, 182–190. Recuperado de https://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/dyna/v78n169/a21v78n169.pdf. D. Orrego, A.D. Zapata-Zapata, D. Kim, Optimization and scale-up of coffee mucilage fermentation for ethanol production, Energies (2018), https://doi.org/ 10.3390/en11040786. Ministerio de transporte [Mintransporte]. (2022). Sistema de Informacion ´ de Costos Eficientes para el Transporte Automotor de Carga SICE-TAC. Obteneid by https://plc.mintransporte.gov.co/Runtime/empresa/ctl/SiceTAC/mid/417. Puerta-Quintero, Gloria In´es. (2011). Origin and process factors on the quality and chemistry of coffee. In: Simposio Agroalimentario. Obtained by https://www. researchgate.net/publication/324166729. Rodríguez Valencia Nelson, Sanz Uribe Juan Rodrigo, Oliveros Tascon ´ Carlos Eugenio, Ramírez Gomez ´ Cesar Augusto. (2015). Beneficio del caf´e en Colombia: practicas ´ y estrategias para el ahorro uso eficiente del agua y el control de la contaminacion ´ hídrica en el proceso de beneficio húmedo del caf´e. Cenicaf´e. ISBN 978-958-8490-17-5. 37 pgs. V.A. Bonilla-Hermosa, W.F. Duarte, R.F. Schwan, Utilization of coffee by-products obtained from semi-washed process for production of value-added compounds, Bioresour. Technol. (2014), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.031. C. Montenegro, L. Melgarejo, Variacion ´ del contenido de azúcares totales y azúcares reductores en el musgo pleurozium schreberi (hylocomiaceae) bajo condiciones de d´eficit hídrico, En Acta biol. Colomb. (2012), 17Recuperado de, https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3190/319028029010.pdf. Xue Saisi, Uppugundla Nirmal, J. Bowman Michael, Cavalier David, Sousa Leonardo Da Costa, E. Dale Bruce, Balan Venkatesh, Sugar loss and enzyme inhibition due to oligosaccharide accumulation during high solids-loading enzymatic hydrolysis, Biotechnol. Biofuels 8 (2015), https://doi.org/10.1186/ s13068-015-0378-9, 195. Duarte Gilvan C S. Moreira Leonora Rios, D. Jaramillo Paula Marcela, F. Filho Edivaldo Ximenes, Biomass-Derived Inhibitors of Holocellulases, Bioenerg. Res. 5 (2012) 768–777, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-012-9182-6. Salahuddin Sisbudi Harsonoa Soni, Fauzi Mukhammad, Sugeng Purwono Gatot, Soemarno Djoko, Second Generation Bioethanol from Arabica Coffee Waste Processing at Smallholder Plantation in Ijen Plateau Region of East Java, Procedia Chem 14 (2015) 408–413, https://doi.proxyuao.elogim.com/10.1016/j.proche.20 15.03.055. Sierra, Y., Díaz, C., & Hern´ andez, J. (2015). Determinacion ´ del porcentaje de etanol producido por Saccharomyces Cerevisiaea partir de glicerina semipurificada. Recuperado de https://service.udes.edu.co/semanadivulgacion/s egundaSemana/memorias/ponencias/p12.pdf. Fedebiocombustibles. (2018). Obtained from https://www.fedebiocombustibles. com/v3/estadistica-produccion-titulo-Alcohol_Carburante_(Etanol).htm, consultado 25 de febrero de 2018. |
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv |
Derechos reservados - Elsevier, 2022 |
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
dc.rights.uri.eng.fl_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
dc.rights.accessrights.eng.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.rights.creativecommons.spa.fl_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Derechos reservados - Elsevier, 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv |
11 páginas |
dc.format.mimetype.eng.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Elsevier |
institution |
Universidad Autónoma de Occidente |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/f96142d4-2e4f-496a-b1cb-b42f38831715/download https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/bb371bf0-129a-4cd5-b965-2df46d62dae9/download https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/65976193-ca2c-49cf-b208-4c5289852200/download https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/1fb16a61-49f8-461b-ae98-d30beb26bfd2/download |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
20b5ba22b1117f71589c7318baa2c560 8cb01137543622ba9bf21166097961ca 05fe93c5cc4728acbef321d2428bf2d0 2f1cdd0a2fc6713f9157d603e74a36ec |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Digital Universidad Autonoma de Occidente |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorio@uao.edu.co |
_version_ |
1814259798398468096 |
spelling |
Flórez Pardo, Luz Marinavirtual::1703-1Valencia Castillo, Natalia8fbce837c60fd007b07b07bcefbb6ab6Velez Duran, Yoly Mileidy7f8bf01f5d474a52aed1ece931c94dedJurado Rosero, Javier Arturob58ef76e896caf75d447e3278add445dLozano Moreno, Jairo Alexandervirtual::2840-12023-05-17T20:14:50Z2023-05-17T20:14:50Z2022-1202552701https://hdl.handle.net/10614/14756Universidad Autónoma de OccidenteRepositorio Educativo Digital UAOhttps://red.uao.edu.co/This article shows the results obtained by analyzing an emerging technology to produce bioethanol from coffee mucilage under sustainable development constraints. The investigation showed that the addition of an antibiotic is important to avoid contamination of the mucilage related to the presence of bacteria since these microorganisms can eat the sugars present in the biomass for their metabolism. On the other hand, for the conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose into simple reducing sugars present in coffee mucilage, the addition of the enzyme pectinase was necessary. The ANOVA analysis showed that the cellulase dose is the most significant factor in the hydrolysis process. The adequate doses of enzymes for the enzymatic hydrolysis process of coffee mucilage were obtained by the response surface method, finding an optimal value of 0,352 mL and 0,134 mL of cellulase and hemicellulase, respectively, per 100 mL of mucilage. From the logistics approach, the supply of coffee mucilage to a second-generation ethanol pilot plant with an installed capacity of 15.000 liters of mucilage per week was considered. Ideally, the pulping process must be carried out mechanically without water, ensuring a mucilage Brix content between 16 and 21, which would favor an ethanol yield close to 8% (v/v) in the must. A potential production of 4,137 liters of ethanol could be achieved with a total logistics cost of USD 305 if the available mucilage is collected. A potential reduction of 7,650 kg of carbon dioxide is possible if the ethanol produced is used to replace the same amount of gasoline in the trans portation industry11 páginasapplication/pdfengElsevierDerechos reservados - Elsevier, 2022https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Comprehensive analysis of ethanol production from coffee mucilage under sustainability indicatorsArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85BioetanolSostenibilidadMucílagoMucilageSustainabilityBioethanol111182Flórez Pardo, L.M., Valencia Castillo, N., Vélez Duran, Y.M., Jurado Rosero, J. A., Lozano Moreno, J.A. (2022). Comprehensive analysis of ethanol production from coffee mucilage under sustainability indicators. Chemical Engineering And Processing - Process Intensification. Elsevier, 182, 1-11. https://hdl.handle.net/10614/14756Chemical Engineering And Processing - Process IntensificationN Rodríguez Valencia, Zambrano Franco, Los subproductos del caf´e: fuente de energía renovable, Avances T´ecnicos Cenicaf´e (2010). ISSN-0120-0178.A.C. Ramírez Gomez, ´ C.E. Oliveros Tascon, ´ J.R. Sanz Uribe, Manejo de Lixiviados y Aguas de Lavado en el Proceso De Beneficiohúmedo Del Caf´e, Cenicaf´e, 2015.B.Y. P´erez-Sarinana, ˜ S. Saldana-Trinidad, ˜ Bioethanol production from coffee mucilage, Energy Procedia (2014).B.M. Gouvea, C. Torres, A.S. Franca, L.S. Oliveira, E.S. Oliveira, Feasibility of ethanol production from coffee husks, Biotechnol. Lett. (2009), https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10529-009-0023-4.Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible [Minambiente]. (2012). Decreto 2667 de 2012. Recuperado 18 de marzo de 2020, de https://www.suin-juriscol. gov.co/viewDocument.asp?id=1478824#ver_1478861.G.L. Miller, Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar, Anal. Chem. (1959), https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60147a030.L.M. Florez-Pardo, ´ J.E. Lopez-Gal ´ an, ´ Chemical analysis and characterization of biomass for biorefineries. Analytical Techniques and Methods for Biomass, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41414-0_9.Salcedo, J., Lop´ez, J., & Florez, L. (2011). Evaluation of enzymes for the hydrolysis of waste (Leaves And Top Cane) from the harvest of sugar cane. 78, 182–190. Recuperado de https://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/dyna/v78n169/a21v78n169.pdf.D. Orrego, A.D. Zapata-Zapata, D. Kim, Optimization and scale-up of coffee mucilage fermentation for ethanol production, Energies (2018), https://doi.org/ 10.3390/en11040786.Ministerio de transporte [Mintransporte]. (2022). Sistema de Informacion ´ de Costos Eficientes para el Transporte Automotor de Carga SICE-TAC. Obteneid by https://plc.mintransporte.gov.co/Runtime/empresa/ctl/SiceTAC/mid/417.Puerta-Quintero, Gloria In´es. (2011). Origin and process factors on the quality and chemistry of coffee. In: Simposio Agroalimentario. Obtained by https://www. researchgate.net/publication/324166729.Rodríguez Valencia Nelson, Sanz Uribe Juan Rodrigo, Oliveros Tascon ´ Carlos Eugenio, Ramírez Gomez ´ Cesar Augusto. (2015). Beneficio del caf´e en Colombia: practicas ´ y estrategias para el ahorro uso eficiente del agua y el control de la contaminacion ´ hídrica en el proceso de beneficio húmedo del caf´e. Cenicaf´e. ISBN 978-958-8490-17-5. 37 pgs.V.A. Bonilla-Hermosa, W.F. Duarte, R.F. Schwan, Utilization of coffee by-products obtained from semi-washed process for production of value-added compounds, Bioresour. Technol. (2014), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.031.C. Montenegro, L. Melgarejo, Variacion ´ del contenido de azúcares totales y azúcares reductores en el musgo pleurozium schreberi (hylocomiaceae) bajo condiciones de d´eficit hídrico, En Acta biol. Colomb. (2012), 17Recuperado de, https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3190/319028029010.pdf.Xue Saisi, Uppugundla Nirmal, J. Bowman Michael, Cavalier David, Sousa Leonardo Da Costa, E. Dale Bruce, Balan Venkatesh, Sugar loss and enzyme inhibition due to oligosaccharide accumulation during high solids-loading enzymatic hydrolysis, Biotechnol. Biofuels 8 (2015), https://doi.org/10.1186/ s13068-015-0378-9, 195.Duarte Gilvan C S. Moreira Leonora Rios, D. Jaramillo Paula Marcela, F. Filho Edivaldo Ximenes, Biomass-Derived Inhibitors of Holocellulases, Bioenerg. Res. 5 (2012) 768–777, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-012-9182-6.Salahuddin Sisbudi Harsonoa Soni, Fauzi Mukhammad, Sugeng Purwono Gatot, Soemarno Djoko, Second Generation Bioethanol from Arabica Coffee Waste Processing at Smallholder Plantation in Ijen Plateau Region of East Java, Procedia Chem 14 (2015) 408–413, https://doi.proxyuao.elogim.com/10.1016/j.proche.20 15.03.055.Sierra, Y., Díaz, C., & Hern´ andez, J. (2015). Determinacion ´ del porcentaje de etanol producido por Saccharomyces Cerevisiaea partir de glicerina semipurificada. Recuperado de https://service.udes.edu.co/semanadivulgacion/s egundaSemana/memorias/ponencias/p12.pdf.Fedebiocombustibles. (2018). Obtained from https://www.fedebiocombustibles. com/v3/estadistica-produccion-titulo-Alcohol_Carburante_(Etanol).htm, consultado 25 de febrero de 2018.Comunidad universitaria en generalPublicationcc4b057a-0ef8-456a-bec2-3d4e0f299a5cvirtual::1703-1c8ef2364-e122-49ec-a893-545516b851b5virtual::2840-1cc4b057a-0ef8-456a-bec2-3d4e0f299a5cvirtual::1703-1c8ef2364-e122-49ec-a893-545516b851b5virtual::2840-1https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=88OyeaAAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=aovirtual::1703-1https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=6WU9KzMAAAAJ&hl=envirtual::2840-10000-0001-8779-8120virtual::1703-10000-0001-9139-5615virtual::2840-1https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000002410virtual::1703-1https://scienti.minciencias.gov.covirtual::2840-1LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81665https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/f96142d4-2e4f-496a-b1cb-b42f38831715/download20b5ba22b1117f71589c7318baa2c560MD52ORIGINALComprehensive_analysis_of_ethanol_production_from_coffee_mucilage.pdfComprehensive_analysis_of_ethanol_production_from_coffee_mucilage.pdftexto completo del artículoapplication/pdf4255333https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/bb371bf0-129a-4cd5-b965-2df46d62dae9/download8cb01137543622ba9bf21166097961caMD51TEXTComprehensive_analysis_of_ethanol_production_from_coffee_mucilage.pdf.txtComprehensive_analysis_of_ethanol_production_from_coffee_mucilage.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain69961https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/65976193-ca2c-49cf-b208-4c5289852200/download05fe93c5cc4728acbef321d2428bf2d0MD53THUMBNAILComprehensive_analysis_of_ethanol_production_from_coffee_mucilage.pdf.jpgComprehensive_analysis_of_ethanol_production_from_coffee_mucilage.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg15841https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/1fb16a61-49f8-461b-ae98-d30beb26bfd2/download2f1cdd0a2fc6713f9157d603e74a36ecMD5410614/14756oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/147562024-04-09 14:17:16.139https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Derechos reservados - Elsevier, 2022open.accesshttps://red.uao.edu.coRepositorio Digital Universidad Autonoma de Occidenterepositorio@uao.edu.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 |