Evaluación de la pirólisis como un método para la obtención de combustibles líquidos a partir de los plásticos generados en la Universidad Autónoma de Occidente

Actualmente la generación de residuos sólidos es uno de los grandes problemas ambientales que afecta significativamente los diferentes ecosistemas del planeta. El componente polimérico en el flujo de residuos urbanos sin una gestión adecuada trae consigo consecuencias severas no solo afectando la vi...

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Autores:
Díaz Caleño, Fardy
Tipo de recurso:
Trabajo de grado de pregrado
Fecha de publicación:
2020
Institución:
Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
Repositorio:
RED: Repositorio Educativo Digital UAO
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/12340
Acceso en línea:
http://red.uao.edu.co//handle/10614/12340
Palabra clave:
Ingeniería Ambiental
Pirólisis
Polietileno de alta densidad
Análisis térmico
Aspectos ambientales
Pyrolysis
High density polyethylene
Thermal analysis
Environmental aspects
Polímeros
Combustibles
Basuras como combustible
Fuel
Refuse as fuel
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openAccess
License
Derechos Reservados - Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
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oai_identifier_str oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/12340
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Evaluación de la pirólisis como un método para la obtención de combustibles líquidos a partir de los plásticos generados en la Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
title Evaluación de la pirólisis como un método para la obtención de combustibles líquidos a partir de los plásticos generados en la Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
spellingShingle Evaluación de la pirólisis como un método para la obtención de combustibles líquidos a partir de los plásticos generados en la Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
Ingeniería Ambiental
Pirólisis
Polietileno de alta densidad
Análisis térmico
Aspectos ambientales
Pyrolysis
High density polyethylene
Thermal analysis
Environmental aspects
Polímeros
Combustibles
Basuras como combustible
Fuel
Refuse as fuel
title_short Evaluación de la pirólisis como un método para la obtención de combustibles líquidos a partir de los plásticos generados en la Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
title_full Evaluación de la pirólisis como un método para la obtención de combustibles líquidos a partir de los plásticos generados en la Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
title_fullStr Evaluación de la pirólisis como un método para la obtención de combustibles líquidos a partir de los plásticos generados en la Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
title_full_unstemmed Evaluación de la pirólisis como un método para la obtención de combustibles líquidos a partir de los plásticos generados en la Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
title_sort Evaluación de la pirólisis como un método para la obtención de combustibles líquidos a partir de los plásticos generados en la Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Díaz Caleño, Fardy
dc.contributor.advisor.spa.fl_str_mv Rojas, Gustavo Adolfo
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Díaz Caleño, Fardy
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Ingeniería Ambiental
Pirólisis
Polietileno de alta densidad
Análisis térmico
Aspectos ambientales
topic Ingeniería Ambiental
Pirólisis
Polietileno de alta densidad
Análisis térmico
Aspectos ambientales
Pyrolysis
High density polyethylene
Thermal analysis
Environmental aspects
Polímeros
Combustibles
Basuras como combustible
Fuel
Refuse as fuel
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Pyrolysis
High density polyethylene
Thermal analysis
Environmental aspects
dc.subject.armarc.spa.fl_str_mv Polímeros
Combustibles
Basuras como combustible
dc.subject.armarc.eng.fl_str_mv Fuel
Refuse as fuel
description Actualmente la generación de residuos sólidos es uno de los grandes problemas ambientales que afecta significativamente los diferentes ecosistemas del planeta. El componente polimérico en el flujo de residuos urbanos sin una gestión adecuada trae consigo consecuencias severas no solo afectando la vida silvestre sino la salud humana. Este problema se ha agravado por los sistemas de reciclaje y gestión de residuos que no pueden hacer frente a la creciente producción de poliméricos. Por lo anterior se debe pensar en métodos innovadores, efectivos y viables que permitan dar solución aprovechando energéticamente este tipo de materiales y que tengan un bajo impacto ambiental. Desde este punto de vista se plantea la formulación del reciclaje químico usando la pirolisis a escala laboratorio para obtener líquidos que puedan ser convertidos en posibles combustibles como fuente de energía para maquinas e industrias como una forma viable de contribuir a aumentar el porcentaje de reciclaje. La investigación se desarrolló en función de tres fases importantes. La primera fase consistió en la identificación del residuo polímero de mayor generación dentro del Campus Universitario, del cual se tomó una muestra significativa del residuo. Una vez tomada la muestra plástica se procedió al desarrollo de la segunda fase encaminada a encontrar los parámetros idóneos del proceso de pirólisis mediante técnicas analíticas como TGA y DSC para posteriormente ser reemplazadas en el proceso experimental. Finalmente, la tercera fase fue hacer una revisión de los aspectos ambientales generados en la anterior etapa para llevar a cabo una valoración ambiental respectiva. Se encontró que el polímero de mayor generación fue el polietileno de alta densidad HDPE. Revisando las técnicas analíticas se encontró que los parámetros óptimos para el ensayo de pirolisis sean: velocidad de calentamiento de 10°C/min y temperatura de degradación de 470°C. La bibliografía respalda que los productos líquidos obtenidos mediante pirólisis pueden ser transformados en combustibles con características similares a los combustibles tradicionales mediante técnicas de postratamiento. La valoración ambiental permitió conocer que en los ensayos es muy bajo el nivel de impacto. Se pudo, en definitiva, demostrar que un método sencillo de pirólisis como el llevado a cabo puede convertir el PEAD en productos de hidrocarburos líquidos con un rendimiento significativo de 68%. Este proceso depende grandemente de la temperatura, haciendo de esta, la variable más representativa en la transformación del polímero
publishDate 2020
dc.date.accessioned.spa.fl_str_mv 2020-05-14T12:27:59Z
dc.date.available.spa.fl_str_mv 2020-05-14T12:27:59Z
dc.date.issued.spa.fl_str_mv 2020-04-28
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Pregrado
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spelling Rojas, Gustavo Adolfo6aef9417255cefbb39b3689e8421206eDíaz Caleño, Fardye64d147603caa468bbe97283cc01f7f3Ingeniero AmbientalUniversidad Autónoma de Occidente. Calle 25 115-85. Km 2 vía Cali-Jamundí2020-05-14T12:27:59Z2020-05-14T12:27:59Z2020-04-28http://red.uao.edu.co//handle/10614/12340Actualmente la generación de residuos sólidos es uno de los grandes problemas ambientales que afecta significativamente los diferentes ecosistemas del planeta. El componente polimérico en el flujo de residuos urbanos sin una gestión adecuada trae consigo consecuencias severas no solo afectando la vida silvestre sino la salud humana. Este problema se ha agravado por los sistemas de reciclaje y gestión de residuos que no pueden hacer frente a la creciente producción de poliméricos. Por lo anterior se debe pensar en métodos innovadores, efectivos y viables que permitan dar solución aprovechando energéticamente este tipo de materiales y que tengan un bajo impacto ambiental. Desde este punto de vista se plantea la formulación del reciclaje químico usando la pirolisis a escala laboratorio para obtener líquidos que puedan ser convertidos en posibles combustibles como fuente de energía para maquinas e industrias como una forma viable de contribuir a aumentar el porcentaje de reciclaje. La investigación se desarrolló en función de tres fases importantes. La primera fase consistió en la identificación del residuo polímero de mayor generación dentro del Campus Universitario, del cual se tomó una muestra significativa del residuo. Una vez tomada la muestra plástica se procedió al desarrollo de la segunda fase encaminada a encontrar los parámetros idóneos del proceso de pirólisis mediante técnicas analíticas como TGA y DSC para posteriormente ser reemplazadas en el proceso experimental. Finalmente, la tercera fase fue hacer una revisión de los aspectos ambientales generados en la anterior etapa para llevar a cabo una valoración ambiental respectiva. Se encontró que el polímero de mayor generación fue el polietileno de alta densidad HDPE. Revisando las técnicas analíticas se encontró que los parámetros óptimos para el ensayo de pirolisis sean: velocidad de calentamiento de 10°C/min y temperatura de degradación de 470°C. La bibliografía respalda que los productos líquidos obtenidos mediante pirólisis pueden ser transformados en combustibles con características similares a los combustibles tradicionales mediante técnicas de postratamiento. La valoración ambiental permitió conocer que en los ensayos es muy bajo el nivel de impacto. Se pudo, en definitiva, demostrar que un método sencillo de pirólisis como el llevado a cabo puede convertir el PEAD en productos de hidrocarburos líquidos con un rendimiento significativo de 68%. Este proceso depende grandemente de la temperatura, haciendo de esta, la variable más representativa en la transformación del polímeroNowadays generation of solid waste is one of the great environmental problems that significantly affects the different ecosystems. The plastic component in the flow of urban waste without proper management brings severe consequences not only affecting wildlife but human health. This problem has been exacerbated by recycling and waste management systems that cannot cope with the growing production of plastic. Therefore, it is necessary to think of innovative methods that allow solutions to be taken advantage of using this type of materials and have a low environmental impact. From this point of view, the formulation of chemical recycling is proposed using laboratory-scale pyrolysis to obtain liquids that can be converted into potential fuels as a source of energy for machines and industries as a viable way to contribute to increasing the percentage of recycling. The research was developed based on three important phases. The first phase consisted of the identification of the plastic waste of greater generation within the University Campus. Once the plastic sample was taken, the second phase was developed to find the ideal parameters of the pyrolysis process by means of analytical techniques such as TGA and DSC to later be replaced in the experimental process. Finally, the third phase was to review the environmental aspects generated in the previous stage. The highest generation plastic was found to be high density polyethylene. Analytical techniques determined that the optimal parameters were a heating rate of 10 ° C / min and a degradation temperature of 460 ° C. Through an analysis of the pyrolysis products obtained based on literature, it was concluded that the resulting liquids can be transformed into fuels with similar characteristics to traditional fuels by post-treatment techniques such as distillation. The environmental assessment revealed that the level of impact is very low in the trials. It was ultimately possible to demonstrate that a simple pyrolysis method such as that carried out can convert HDPE into liquid hydrocarbon products with significant performance, which varies basically with temperatureProyecto de grado (ingeniero Ambiental)-- Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, 2020PregradoIngeniero(a) Ambientalapplication/pdf101 páginasspaUniversidad Autónoma de OccidenteIngeniería AmbientalDepartamento de Energética y MecánicaFacultad de IngenieríaDerechos Reservados - Universidad Autónoma de Occidentehttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2instname:Universidad Autónoma de Occidentereponame:Repositorio Institucional UAOIngeniería AmbientalPirólisisPolietileno de alta densidadAnálisis térmicoAspectos ambientalesPyrolysisHigh density polyethyleneThermal analysisEnvironmental aspectsPolímerosCombustiblesBasuras como combustibleFuelRefuse as fuelEvaluación de la pirólisis como un método para la obtención de combustibles líquidos a partir de los plásticos generados en la Universidad Autónoma de OccidenteTrabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fTextinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85[1] “Manejo de residuos sólidos.” [Online]. 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Dutta, “A review on thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of plastic solid waste (PSW),” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 197. Academic Press, pp. 177–198, 15- Jul-2017. [12] M. Eriksen et al., “Plastic Pollution in the World’s Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea,” PLoS One, vol. 9, no. 12, p. e111913, Dec. 2014. [13] greenpeace, “Datos sobre la producción de plásticos - ES | Greenpeace España,” 2017. [Online]. Available: https://es.greenpeace.org/es/trabajamosen/consumismo/plasticos/datos-sobre-la-produccion-de-plasticos/. [Accessed: 11-May-2019]. [14] R. Miandad, M. A. Barakat, A. S. Aburiazaiza, M. Rehan, I. M. I. Ismail, and A. S. Nizami, “Effect of plastic waste types on pyrolysis liquid oil,” Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., vol. 119, pp. 239–252, 2017. [15] S. D. Anuar Sharuddin, F. Abnisa, W. M. A. Wan Daud, and M. K. Aroua, “A review on pyrolysis of plastic wastes,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 115, pp. 308–326, May 2016. 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