Sustainable local development: consolidated framework for cross-sectoral cooperation via a systematic approach
Cross-sectoral cooperation (CSC) has gained recognition as the key to achieving sustainable development goals within a locality. However, existing studies focused on sustainable local development (SLD) initiatives resulting from CSC remain sparse. This article aims to review the CSC–SLD literature,...
- Autores:
-
Marín González, Freddy
Moganadas, Sharmila Rani
Paredes Chacín, Ana Judith
Yeo, Sook Fern
Subramaniam, Subhacini
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Universidad Autónoma de Occidente
- Repositorio:
- RED: Repositorio Educativo Digital UAO
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/14772
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/10614/14772
https://red.uao.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Desarrollo sostenible
Sustainable development
Cross-sectoral cooperation
Sustainable local development
Mutual aid
Endogenous resources
Bioregionalism
Cognitive diversity
Seismic shift
Bracing capital
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Derechos reservados - MDPI, 2022
id |
REPOUAO2_281e4a679f1a04a2c425dfb28a836649 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/14772 |
network_acronym_str |
REPOUAO2 |
network_name_str |
RED: Repositorio Educativo Digital UAO |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Sustainable local development: consolidated framework for cross-sectoral cooperation via a systematic approach |
title |
Sustainable local development: consolidated framework for cross-sectoral cooperation via a systematic approach |
spellingShingle |
Sustainable local development: consolidated framework for cross-sectoral cooperation via a systematic approach Desarrollo sostenible Sustainable development Cross-sectoral cooperation Sustainable local development Mutual aid Endogenous resources Bioregionalism Cognitive diversity Seismic shift Bracing capital |
title_short |
Sustainable local development: consolidated framework for cross-sectoral cooperation via a systematic approach |
title_full |
Sustainable local development: consolidated framework for cross-sectoral cooperation via a systematic approach |
title_fullStr |
Sustainable local development: consolidated framework for cross-sectoral cooperation via a systematic approach |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sustainable local development: consolidated framework for cross-sectoral cooperation via a systematic approach |
title_sort |
Sustainable local development: consolidated framework for cross-sectoral cooperation via a systematic approach |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Marín González, Freddy Moganadas, Sharmila Rani Paredes Chacín, Ana Judith Yeo, Sook Fern Subramaniam, Subhacini |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Marín González, Freddy Moganadas, Sharmila Rani Paredes Chacín, Ana Judith Yeo, Sook Fern Subramaniam, Subhacini |
dc.subject.armarc.spa.fl_str_mv |
Desarrollo sostenible |
topic |
Desarrollo sostenible Sustainable development Cross-sectoral cooperation Sustainable local development Mutual aid Endogenous resources Bioregionalism Cognitive diversity Seismic shift Bracing capital |
dc.subject.armarc.eng.fl_str_mv |
Sustainable development |
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Cross-sectoral cooperation Sustainable local development Mutual aid Endogenous resources Bioregionalism Cognitive diversity Seismic shift Bracing capital |
description |
Cross-sectoral cooperation (CSC) has gained recognition as the key to achieving sustainable development goals within a locality. However, existing studies focused on sustainable local development (SLD) initiatives resulting from CSC remain sparse. This article aims to review the CSC–SLD literature, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. Research questions were constructed using the PICOC (population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, and context) structure. The identification of scientific works occurred through the search of relevant keywords, which resulted in a final set of 38 peer-reviewed manuscripts, from 1994 to 2021. First, the main driving forces for adopting CSC, to achieve SLD, which are dispersed at multiple levels, were captured and contextualised into the micro-, meso-, macro- and megaframework. Second, salient aspects addressed in the literature for effective CSC implementation were identified and classified into approaches, governance, structure, key actors, psychological and social aspects, and experiences themes. This resulted in a consolidated guiding principles framework for implementing CSC, to pursue SLD. Additionally, the use of theories in different aspects of CSC–SLD initiatives was discussed. This study informs the practitioners, policy-makers, and researchers the fundamentals that need to be considered when planning, designing, and implementing effective CSC interventions for SLD |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-05-27 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-05-19T15:07:39Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-05-19T15:07:39Z |
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
dc.type.coar.eng.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
dc.type.content.eng.fl_str_mv |
Text |
dc.type.driver.eng.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.redcol.eng.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
dc.type.version.eng.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv |
20711050 |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/10614/14772 |
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Autónoma de Occidente |
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Educativo Digital UAO |
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://red.uao.edu.co/ |
identifier_str_mv |
20711050 Universidad Autónoma de Occidente Repositorio Educativo Digital UAO |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10614/14772 https://red.uao.edu.co/ |
dc.language.iso.eng.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
33 |
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv |
11 |
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
1 |
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv |
14 |
dc.relation.cites.spa.fl_str_mv |
Marín González, F., Moganadas, S.R., Paredes Chacín, A.J.; Yeo, S.F., Subramaniam, S. (2022). Sustainable Local Development: Consolidated Framework for Cross-Sectoral Cooperation via a Systematic Approach. Sustainability, 14(11), 1-33. https://hdl.handle.net/10614/14772 |
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Sustainability |
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv |
Cracolici, M.F.; Cuffaro, M.; Nijkamp, P. The measurement of economic, social and environmental performance of countries: A novel approach. Soc. Indic. Res. 2010, 95, 339 Hoselitz, B.F. Sociological Aspects of Economic Growth; Free Press: New York, NY, USA, 1960 Mwebesa, M.E.; Yoh, K.; Doi, K. Developing the logical cross-sectoral framework of local SDGs project targeting safety and sustainability. IATSS Res. 2021, 45, 49–59 Todaro, M. Economic Development; Longmans: Harlow, UK, 1977. OECD. The DAC Guidelines Strategies for Sustainable Development: Guidance for Development Co-Operation; OECD: Paris, France, 2001 Shi, L.; Han, L.; Yang, F.; Gao, L. The evolution of sustainable development theory: Types, goals, and research prospects. Sustainability 2019, 11, 7158 Moallemi, E.A.; Malekpour, S.; Hadjikakou, M.; Raven, R.; Szetey, K.; Ningrum, D.; Dhiaulhaq, A.; Bryan, B.A. Achieving the sustainable development goals requires transdisciplinary innovation at the local scale. One Earth 2020, 3, 300–313. Milán-García, J.; Uribe-Toril, J.; Ruiz-Real, J.L.; De Pablo Valenciano, J. Sustainable local development: An overview of the state of knowledge. Resources 2019, 8, 31. Oosterhof, P.D. Localizing the sustainable development goals to accelerate implementation of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Asian Dev. Bank 2018. Kritz, J. Effective cross-sector collaborations create sustainability. Lancet Glob. Health 2018, 6, e952–e953 Kim, S.Y.; Swann, W.L.; Weible, C.M.; Bolognesi, T.; Krause, R.M.; Park, A.Y.; Tang, T.; Maletsky, K.; Feiock, R.C. Updating the institutional collective action framework. Policy Stud. J. 2022, 50, 9–34 Arbeiter, J.; Buˇcar, M. Cross-sectoral cooperation. Bridge 47. 2021. Available online: https://www.tepsa.eu/cross-sectoral- cooperation-for-sustainable-futures-jana-arbeiter-and-maja-bucar-cir-slovenia/ (accessed on 30 December 2021). Mamikutty, R.; Aly, A.S.; Marhazlinda, J. Databases selection in a systematic review of the association between anthropometric measurements and dental caries among children in Asia. Children 2021, 8, 56 Pranckut ̇e, R. Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus: The titans of bibliographic information in today’s academic world. Publications 2021, 9, 12 Booth, A. Searching for qualitative research for inclusion in systematic reviews: A structured methodological review. Syst. Rev. 2016, 5, 74 Borgström, S. Balancing diversity and connectivity in multi-level governance settings for urban transformative capacity. Ambio 2019, 48, 463–477 Devenin, V. Collaborative community development in mining regions: The Calama Plus and Creo Antofagasta programs in Chile. Resour. Policy 2021, 70, 101284 Liao, L.; Warner, M.E.; Homsy, G.C. Sustainability’s forgotten third E: What influences local government actions on social equity? Local Environ. Int. J. Justice Sustain. 2019, 24, 1197–1208 Mosier, S. Does the gown help the town? Examining town–gown relationship influence on local environmental sustainability in the United States. Int. J. Public Admin. 2015, 38, 769–781 Barbour, J.B. Micro/meso/macrolevels of analysis. Int. Encycl. Organ. Commun. 2017, 1–15 Sagor, R. Guiding School Improvement with Action Research; Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, ASCD: Alexandria, VA, USA, 2000 Shulla, K.; Voigt, B.F.; Cibian, S.; Scandone, G.; Martines, E.; Nelkovski, F.; Salehi, P. Effects of COVID-19 on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Discov. Sustain. 2021, 2, 15. Fehling, M.; Nelson, B.D.; Venkatapuram, S. Limitations of the Millennium Development Goals: A literature review. Glob. Public Health 2013, 8, 1109–1122. Plaskoff, J. Employee experience: The new human resource management approach. Strat. HR Rev. 2017, 16, 136–141 Seuring, S.; Yawar, S.A.; Land, A.; Khalid, R.U.; Sauer, P.C. The application of theory in literature reviews–illustrated with examples from supply chain management. Int. J. Oper. Prod. Manag. 2020, 41, 1–20 |
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv |
Derechos reservados - MDPI, 2022 |
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
dc.rights.uri.eng.fl_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
dc.rights.accessrights.eng.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.rights.creativecommons.spa.fl_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Derechos reservados - MDPI, 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv |
33 páginas |
dc.format.mimetype.eng.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
MDPI |
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Basel, Suiza |
institution |
Universidad Autónoma de Occidente |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/f77d7d40-d30f-4dce-b601-64216b90c421/download https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/d858c8f9-46f2-44b4-a069-ad781b40dbc2/download https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/be300c43-3fb0-41e1-9e87-be568f7e8f81/download https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/b8c18548-a7c7-4612-805d-f986cf951a3b/download |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
02f0fa0dff37e56fc691e904ea5f8a1d 20b5ba22b1117f71589c7318baa2c560 6f63a9fbca8c82f61713ca04ee3843cd d4f766df31ece59149e987baba744bcd |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Digital Universidad Autonoma de Occidente |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorio@uao.edu.co |
_version_ |
1814260093435248640 |
spelling |
Marín González, Freddyba77d99dd956cad59c5b483d187816caMoganadas, Sharmila Rani74dd0eaa8f76ca7e9cf3c5def55387afParedes Chacín, Ana Judithvirtual::3947-1Yeo, Sook Fernf09254146af7181e7fd56d5d63e4cab5Subramaniam, Subhacini85f4b71846b9c33eacfce7cec69648bd2023-05-19T15:07:39Z2023-05-19T15:07:39Z2022-05-2720711050https://hdl.handle.net/10614/14772Universidad Autónoma de OccidenteRepositorio Educativo Digital UAOhttps://red.uao.edu.co/Cross-sectoral cooperation (CSC) has gained recognition as the key to achieving sustainable development goals within a locality. However, existing studies focused on sustainable local development (SLD) initiatives resulting from CSC remain sparse. This article aims to review the CSC–SLD literature, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. Research questions were constructed using the PICOC (population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, and context) structure. The identification of scientific works occurred through the search of relevant keywords, which resulted in a final set of 38 peer-reviewed manuscripts, from 1994 to 2021. First, the main driving forces for adopting CSC, to achieve SLD, which are dispersed at multiple levels, were captured and contextualised into the micro-, meso-, macro- and megaframework. Second, salient aspects addressed in the literature for effective CSC implementation were identified and classified into approaches, governance, structure, key actors, psychological and social aspects, and experiences themes. This resulted in a consolidated guiding principles framework for implementing CSC, to pursue SLD. Additionally, the use of theories in different aspects of CSC–SLD initiatives was discussed. This study informs the practitioners, policy-makers, and researchers the fundamentals that need to be considered when planning, designing, and implementing effective CSC interventions for SLD 33 páginasapplication/pdfengMDPIBasel, SuizaDerechos reservados - MDPI, 2022https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Sustainable local development: consolidated framework for cross-sectoral cooperation via a systematic approachArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Desarrollo sostenibleSustainable developmentCross-sectoral cooperationSustainable local developmentMutual aidEndogenous resourcesBioregionalismCognitive diversitySeismic shiftBracing capital3311114Marín González, F., Moganadas, S.R., Paredes Chacín, A.J.; Yeo, S.F., Subramaniam, S. (2022). Sustainable Local Development: Consolidated Framework for Cross-Sectoral Cooperation via a Systematic Approach. Sustainability, 14(11), 1-33. https://hdl.handle.net/10614/14772SustainabilityCracolici, M.F.; Cuffaro, M.; Nijkamp, P. The measurement of economic, social and environmental performance of countries: A novel approach. Soc. Indic. Res. 2010, 95, 339Hoselitz, B.F. Sociological Aspects of Economic Growth; Free Press: New York, NY, USA, 1960Mwebesa, M.E.; Yoh, K.; Doi, K. Developing the logical cross-sectoral framework of local SDGs project targeting safety and sustainability. IATSS Res. 2021, 45, 49–59Todaro, M. Economic Development; Longmans: Harlow, UK, 1977.OECD. The DAC Guidelines Strategies for Sustainable Development: Guidance for Development Co-Operation; OECD: Paris, France, 2001Shi, L.; Han, L.; Yang, F.; Gao, L. The evolution of sustainable development theory: Types, goals, and research prospects. Sustainability 2019, 11, 7158Moallemi, E.A.; Malekpour, S.; Hadjikakou, M.; Raven, R.; Szetey, K.; Ningrum, D.; Dhiaulhaq, A.; Bryan, B.A. Achieving the sustainable development goals requires transdisciplinary innovation at the local scale. One Earth 2020, 3, 300–313.Milán-García, J.; Uribe-Toril, J.; Ruiz-Real, J.L.; De Pablo Valenciano, J. Sustainable local development: An overview of the state of knowledge. Resources 2019, 8, 31.Oosterhof, P.D. Localizing the sustainable development goals to accelerate implementation of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Asian Dev. Bank 2018.Kritz, J. Effective cross-sector collaborations create sustainability. Lancet Glob. Health 2018, 6, e952–e953Kim, S.Y.; Swann, W.L.; Weible, C.M.; Bolognesi, T.; Krause, R.M.; Park, A.Y.; Tang, T.; Maletsky, K.; Feiock, R.C. Updating the institutional collective action framework. Policy Stud. J. 2022, 50, 9–34Arbeiter, J.; Buˇcar, M. Cross-sectoral cooperation. Bridge 47. 2021. Available online: https://www.tepsa.eu/cross-sectoral- cooperation-for-sustainable-futures-jana-arbeiter-and-maja-bucar-cir-slovenia/ (accessed on 30 December 2021).Mamikutty, R.; Aly, A.S.; Marhazlinda, J. Databases selection in a systematic review of the association between anthropometric measurements and dental caries among children in Asia. Children 2021, 8, 56Pranckut ̇e, R. Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus: The titans of bibliographic information in today’s academic world. Publications 2021, 9, 12Booth, A. Searching for qualitative research for inclusion in systematic reviews: A structured methodological review. Syst. Rev. 2016, 5, 74Borgström, S. Balancing diversity and connectivity in multi-level governance settings for urban transformative capacity. Ambio 2019, 48, 463–477Devenin, V. Collaborative community development in mining regions: The Calama Plus and Creo Antofagasta programs in Chile. Resour. Policy 2021, 70, 101284Liao, L.; Warner, M.E.; Homsy, G.C. Sustainability’s forgotten third E: What influences local government actions on social equity? Local Environ. Int. J. Justice Sustain. 2019, 24, 1197–1208Mosier, S. Does the gown help the town? Examining town–gown relationship influence on local environmental sustainability in the United States. Int. J. Public Admin. 2015, 38, 769–781Barbour, J.B. Micro/meso/macrolevels of analysis. Int. Encycl. Organ. Commun. 2017, 1–15Sagor, R. Guiding School Improvement with Action Research; Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, ASCD: Alexandria, VA, USA, 2000Shulla, K.; Voigt, B.F.; Cibian, S.; Scandone, G.; Martines, E.; Nelkovski, F.; Salehi, P. Effects of COVID-19 on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Discov. Sustain. 2021, 2, 15.Fehling, M.; Nelson, B.D.; Venkatapuram, S. Limitations of the Millennium Development Goals: A literature review. Glob. Public Health 2013, 8, 1109–1122.Plaskoff, J. Employee experience: The new human resource management approach. Strat. HR Rev. 2017, 16, 136–141Seuring, S.; Yawar, S.A.; Land, A.; Khalid, R.U.; Sauer, P.C. The application of theory in literature reviews–illustrated with examples from supply chain management. Int. J. Oper. Prod. Manag. 2020, 41, 1–20Comunidad en generalPublication73e25f1b-729a-4fd8-bf25-0b38a1b401e6virtual::3947-173e25f1b-729a-4fd8-bf25-0b38a1b401e6virtual::3947-1https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=cyQHm1wAAAAJ&hl=esvirtual::3947-10000-0001-6612-8486virtual::3947-1https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000042889virtual::3947-1ORIGINALSustainable_Local_Development_Consolidated_Framework.pdfSustainable_Local_Development_Consolidated_Framework.pdfapplication/pdf2001886https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/f77d7d40-d30f-4dce-b601-64216b90c421/download02f0fa0dff37e56fc691e904ea5f8a1dMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81665https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/d858c8f9-46f2-44b4-a069-ad781b40dbc2/download20b5ba22b1117f71589c7318baa2c560MD53TEXTSustainable_Local_Development_Consolidated_Framework.pdf.txtSustainable_Local_Development_Consolidated_Framework.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain135633https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/be300c43-3fb0-41e1-9e87-be568f7e8f81/download6f63a9fbca8c82f61713ca04ee3843cdMD54THUMBNAILSustainable_Local_Development_Consolidated_Framework.pdf.jpgSustainable_Local_Development_Consolidated_Framework.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg16023https://red.uao.edu.co/bitstreams/b8c18548-a7c7-4612-805d-f986cf951a3b/downloadd4f766df31ece59149e987baba744bcdMD5510614/14772oai:red.uao.edu.co:10614/147722024-04-15 16:41:10.846https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Derechos reservados - MDPI, 2022open.accesshttps://red.uao.edu.coRepositorio Digital Universidad Autonoma de Occidenterepositorio@uao.edu.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 |