Retraction: using Big Data to determine potential dropouts in higher education

In higher education, student dropout is a relevant problem, not just in Latin America but also in developed countries. Although there is no consensus to measure the education quality, one of the important indicators of university success is the time to graduation (TTG), which is directly related to...

Full description

Autores:
amelec, viloria
Senior Naveda, Alexa
Angulo Palma, Hugo Javier
Niebles Núñez, William
Niebles Nuñez, Leonardo David
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2020
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/7616
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7616
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Big Data
Higher education
Dropouts
Rights
openAccess
License
CC0 1.0 Universal
id RCUC2_fdada2b72448a16ddfe141f7ab2b609d
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/7616
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Retraction: using Big Data to determine potential dropouts in higher education
title Retraction: using Big Data to determine potential dropouts in higher education
spellingShingle Retraction: using Big Data to determine potential dropouts in higher education
Big Data
Higher education
Dropouts
title_short Retraction: using Big Data to determine potential dropouts in higher education
title_full Retraction: using Big Data to determine potential dropouts in higher education
title_fullStr Retraction: using Big Data to determine potential dropouts in higher education
title_full_unstemmed Retraction: using Big Data to determine potential dropouts in higher education
title_sort Retraction: using Big Data to determine potential dropouts in higher education
dc.creator.fl_str_mv amelec, viloria
Senior Naveda, Alexa
Angulo Palma, Hugo Javier
Niebles Núñez, William
Niebles Nuñez, Leonardo David
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv amelec, viloria
Senior Naveda, Alexa
Angulo Palma, Hugo Javier
Niebles Núñez, William
Niebles Nuñez, Leonardo David
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Big Data
Higher education
Dropouts
topic Big Data
Higher education
Dropouts
description In higher education, student dropout is a relevant problem, not just in Latin America but also in developed countries. Although there is no consensus to measure the education quality, one of the important indicators of university success is the time to graduation (TTG), which is directly related to student dropout [1]. Global estimates put this dropout rate at 42% [2]. In the United States, this rate is around 30% and represents a loss of 9 billion dollars in the education of these students [3]. However, desertion not only affects the quality of education and the economy of a country, but also has effects on the development of society, since society demands the contributions derived from the population with higher education such as: innovation, knowledge production and scientific discovery [4]. Using basic statistical learning techniques, this paper presents a simple way to predict possible dropouts based on their demographic and academic characteristics.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2020-12-19T23:12:44Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2020-12-19T23:12:44Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2020
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 1742-6588
1742-6596
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7616
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1432/1/012106
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv 1742-6588
1742-6596
doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1432/1/012106
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7616
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv [1] Pineda Lezama, O., & Gómez Dorta, R. (2017). Techniques of multivariate statistical analysis: An application for the Honduran banking sector. Innovare: Journal of Science and Technology, 5 (2), 61-75
[2] Viloria A., Lis-Gutiérrez JP., Gaitán-Angulo M., Godoy A.R.M., Moreno G.C., Kamatkar S.J. (2018) Methodology for the Design of a Student Pattern Recognition Tool to Facilitate the Teaching - Learning Process Through Knowledge Data Discovery (Big Data). In: Tan Y., Shi Y., Tang Q. (eds) Data Mining and Big Data. DMBD 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 10943. Springer, Cham
[3] Badr, G.; Algobail, A.; Almutairi, H.; Almutery, M.: Predicting Students’ Performance in University Courses: A Case Study and Tool in KSU Mathematics Department. Procedia Computer Science, Vol. 82, pp. 80-89 (2016)
[4] Hutt, S.; Gardener, M.; Kamentz, D.; Duckworth, A.; D'Mello, S.: Prospectively Predicting 4- year College Graduation from Student Applications. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge, pp. 280-289 (2018)
[5] Ahuja, R.; Kankane, Y.: Predicting the probability of student's degree completion by using different data mining techniques. Fourth International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP), pp. 1 Retracted -4 (2017)
[6] Martins, L.; Carvalho, R.; Victorino, C.; Holanda, M.: Early Prediction of College Attrition Using Data Mining. 16th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA), pp. 1075-1078 (2017)
[7] James, G.; Witten, D.; Hastie, T.; Tibshirani, R.: An Introduction to Statistical Learning. Springer 7th Ed, pp. 25 (2014)
[8] Russell, S.; Norvig, P.: Artificial Intelligence A Modern Approach. Pearson Education 3rd Ed, pp. 705 (2010)
[9] Makhabel, B.: Learning Data Mining with R. Packt Publishing 1st Ed, pp. 143 (2015)
[10] Witten, I.; Frank, E.; Hall, M.; Pal, C.: Data Mining Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques. Elsevier 4th Ed, pp. 167-169 (2016).
[11] Bucci, N., Luna, M., Viloria, A., García, J. H., Parody, A., Varela, N., & López, L. A. B. (2018, June). Factor analysis of the psychosocial risk assessment instrument. In International Conference on Data Mining and Big Data (pp. 149-158). Springer, Cham.
[12] Gaitán-Angulo, M., Viloria, A., & Abril, J. E. S. (2018, June). Hierarchical Ascending Classification: An Application to Contraband Apprehensions in Colombia (2015–2016). In Data Mining and Big Data: Third International Conference, DMBD 2018, Shanghai, China, June 17– 22, 2018, Proceedings (Vol. 10943, p. 168). Springer.
[13] Viloria, A., & Lezama, O. B. P. (2019). An intelligent approach for the design and development of a personalized system of knowledge representation. Procedia Computer Science , 151 , 1225- 1230.
[14] Viloria A., Lis-Gutiérrez JP., Gaitán-Angulo M., Godoy A.R.M., Moreno G.C., Kamatkar S.J. (2018) Methodology for the Design of a Student Pattern Recognition Tool to Facilitate the Teaching - Learning Process Through Knowledge Data Discovery (Big Data). In: Tan Y., Shi Y., Tang Q. (eds) Data Mining and Big Data. DMBD 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 10943. Springer, Cham
[15] Viloria, A., Bucci, N., Luna, M., Lis-Gutiérrez, J. P., Parody, A., Bent, D. E. S., & López, L. A. B. (2018, June). Determination of dimensionality of the psychosocial risk assessment of internal, individual, double presence and external factors in work environments. In International Conference on Data Mining and Big Data (pp. 304-313). Springer, Cham.
[16] Demsar, J., Curk, T., Erjavec, A., Gorup C, Hocevar, T., Milutinovic, M., Mozina, M., Polajnar, M., Toplak, M., Staric, A., Stajdohar, M., Umek, L., Zagar, L., Zbontar, J., Zitnik, M., Zupan, B.: Orange: Data Mining Toolbox in Python. Journal of Machine Learning Research 14(Aug):2349−2353 (2013).
[17] Pretnar, A. The Mystery of Test & Score. Ljubljana: University of Ljubljana. Retrieved from: https://orange.biolab.si/blog/2019/1/28/the-mystery-of-test-and-score/ (2019).
[18] Demšar, J., & Zupan, B. Orange: Data mining fruitful and fun-a historical perspective. Informatica, 37(1), 55-60. (2013).
[19] Yasser, A. M., Clawson, K., & Bowerman, C.: Saving cultural heritage with digital make-believe: machine learning and digital techniques to the rescue. In Proceedings of the 31st British Computer Society Human Computer Interaction Conference (p. 97). BCS Learning & Development Ltd. (2017). R
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv CC0 1.0 Universal
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv CC0 1.0 Universal
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv Journal of Physics: Conference Series
institution Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.source.url.spa.fl_str_mv https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1432/1/012077
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/4674461d-33f6-4686-8839-c7d3b7ed4e09/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/98de5024-d775-47a4-a6c0-8a5b1d4a90a6/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/eee3cddb-9467-45bd-a706-7c69761fb793/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/fc7b8222-820e-4e85-94a1-3193761967bc/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/ac43dcd9-2e21-4541-9e89-0fb77b23829f/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 7de0767710bd7d8c2a0c914c1e6d9fa1
42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708c
e30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9bad
928c34d4ce45a04f447293d6e7355430
36cf018d0e79c26084e33e8b0143076d
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUC
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repdigital@cuc.edu.co
_version_ 1828166808340791296
spelling amelec, viloriaSenior Naveda, AlexaAngulo Palma, Hugo JavierNiebles Núñez, WilliamNiebles Nuñez, Leonardo David2020-12-19T23:12:44Z2020-12-19T23:12:44Z20201742-65881742-6596https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7616doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1432/1/012106Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/In higher education, student dropout is a relevant problem, not just in Latin America but also in developed countries. Although there is no consensus to measure the education quality, one of the important indicators of university success is the time to graduation (TTG), which is directly related to student dropout [1]. Global estimates put this dropout rate at 42% [2]. In the United States, this rate is around 30% and represents a loss of 9 billion dollars in the education of these students [3]. However, desertion not only affects the quality of education and the economy of a country, but also has effects on the development of society, since society demands the contributions derived from the population with higher education such as: innovation, knowledge production and scientific discovery [4]. Using basic statistical learning techniques, this paper presents a simple way to predict possible dropouts based on their demographic and academic characteristics.amelec, viloria-will be generated-orcid-0000-0003-2673-6350-600Senior Naveda, AlexaAngulo Palma, Hugo Javier-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-5012-0348-600Niebles Núñez, WilliamNiebles Nuñez, Leonardo David-will be generated-orcid-0000-0003-2970-2498-600application/pdfengCorporación Universidad de la CostaCC0 1.0 Universalhttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Journal of Physics: Conference Serieshttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1432/1/012077Big DataHigher educationDropoutsRetraction: using Big Data to determine potential dropouts in higher educationArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion[1] Pineda Lezama, O., & Gómez Dorta, R. (2017). Techniques of multivariate statistical analysis: An application for the Honduran banking sector. Innovare: Journal of Science and Technology, 5 (2), 61-75[2] Viloria A., Lis-Gutiérrez JP., Gaitán-Angulo M., Godoy A.R.M., Moreno G.C., Kamatkar S.J. (2018) Methodology for the Design of a Student Pattern Recognition Tool to Facilitate the Teaching - Learning Process Through Knowledge Data Discovery (Big Data). In: Tan Y., Shi Y., Tang Q. (eds) Data Mining and Big Data. DMBD 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 10943. Springer, Cham[3] Badr, G.; Algobail, A.; Almutairi, H.; Almutery, M.: Predicting Students’ Performance in University Courses: A Case Study and Tool in KSU Mathematics Department. Procedia Computer Science, Vol. 82, pp. 80-89 (2016)[4] Hutt, S.; Gardener, M.; Kamentz, D.; Duckworth, A.; D'Mello, S.: Prospectively Predicting 4- year College Graduation from Student Applications. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge, pp. 280-289 (2018)[5] Ahuja, R.; Kankane, Y.: Predicting the probability of student's degree completion by using different data mining techniques. Fourth International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP), pp. 1 Retracted -4 (2017)[6] Martins, L.; Carvalho, R.; Victorino, C.; Holanda, M.: Early Prediction of College Attrition Using Data Mining. 16th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA), pp. 1075-1078 (2017)[7] James, G.; Witten, D.; Hastie, T.; Tibshirani, R.: An Introduction to Statistical Learning. Springer 7th Ed, pp. 25 (2014)[8] Russell, S.; Norvig, P.: Artificial Intelligence A Modern Approach. Pearson Education 3rd Ed, pp. 705 (2010)[9] Makhabel, B.: Learning Data Mining with R. Packt Publishing 1st Ed, pp. 143 (2015)[10] Witten, I.; Frank, E.; Hall, M.; Pal, C.: Data Mining Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques. Elsevier 4th Ed, pp. 167-169 (2016).[11] Bucci, N., Luna, M., Viloria, A., García, J. H., Parody, A., Varela, N., & López, L. A. B. (2018, June). Factor analysis of the psychosocial risk assessment instrument. In International Conference on Data Mining and Big Data (pp. 149-158). Springer, Cham.[12] Gaitán-Angulo, M., Viloria, A., & Abril, J. E. S. (2018, June). Hierarchical Ascending Classification: An Application to Contraband Apprehensions in Colombia (2015–2016). In Data Mining and Big Data: Third International Conference, DMBD 2018, Shanghai, China, June 17– 22, 2018, Proceedings (Vol. 10943, p. 168). Springer.[13] Viloria, A., & Lezama, O. B. P. (2019). An intelligent approach for the design and development of a personalized system of knowledge representation. Procedia Computer Science , 151 , 1225- 1230.[14] Viloria A., Lis-Gutiérrez JP., Gaitán-Angulo M., Godoy A.R.M., Moreno G.C., Kamatkar S.J. (2018) Methodology for the Design of a Student Pattern Recognition Tool to Facilitate the Teaching - Learning Process Through Knowledge Data Discovery (Big Data). In: Tan Y., Shi Y., Tang Q. (eds) Data Mining and Big Data. DMBD 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 10943. Springer, Cham[15] Viloria, A., Bucci, N., Luna, M., Lis-Gutiérrez, J. P., Parody, A., Bent, D. E. S., & López, L. A. B. (2018, June). Determination of dimensionality of the psychosocial risk assessment of internal, individual, double presence and external factors in work environments. In International Conference on Data Mining and Big Data (pp. 304-313). Springer, Cham.[16] Demsar, J., Curk, T., Erjavec, A., Gorup C, Hocevar, T., Milutinovic, M., Mozina, M., Polajnar, M., Toplak, M., Staric, A., Stajdohar, M., Umek, L., Zagar, L., Zbontar, J., Zitnik, M., Zupan, B.: Orange: Data Mining Toolbox in Python. Journal of Machine Learning Research 14(Aug):2349−2353 (2013).[17] Pretnar, A. The Mystery of Test & Score. Ljubljana: University of Ljubljana. Retrieved from: https://orange.biolab.si/blog/2019/1/28/the-mystery-of-test-and-score/ (2019).[18] Demšar, J., & Zupan, B. Orange: Data mining fruitful and fun-a historical perspective. Informatica, 37(1), 55-60. (2013).[19] Yasser, A. M., Clawson, K., & Bowerman, C.: Saving cultural heritage with digital make-believe: machine learning and digital techniques to the rescue. In Proceedings of the 31st British Computer Society Human Computer Interaction Conference (p. 97). BCS Learning & Development Ltd. (2017). RPublicationORIGINALRetraction. Using Big Data to Determine Potential Dropouts in Higher Education (.pdfRetraction. Using Big Data to Determine Potential Dropouts in Higher Education (.pdfapplication/pdf1539719https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/4674461d-33f6-4686-8839-c7d3b7ed4e09/download7de0767710bd7d8c2a0c914c1e6d9fa1MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8701https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/98de5024-d775-47a4-a6c0-8a5b1d4a90a6/download42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708cMD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83196https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/eee3cddb-9467-45bd-a706-7c69761fb793/downloade30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9badMD53THUMBNAILRetraction. Using Big Data to Determine Potential Dropouts in Higher Education (.pdf.jpgRetraction. Using Big Data to Determine Potential Dropouts in Higher Education (.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg32097https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/fc7b8222-820e-4e85-94a1-3193761967bc/download928c34d4ce45a04f447293d6e7355430MD54TEXTRetraction. Using Big Data to Determine Potential Dropouts in Higher Education (.pdf.txtRetraction. Using Big Data to Determine Potential Dropouts in Higher Education (.pdf.txttext/plain23123https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/ac43dcd9-2e21-4541-9e89-0fb77b23829f/download36cf018d0e79c26084e33e8b0143076dMD5511323/7616oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/76162024-09-17 14:12:20.279http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/CC0 1.0 Universalopen.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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