Sustainable use of sewage sludge as a casing material for button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation: experimental and prediction modeling studies for uptake of metal elements
The present study focused on the use of sewage sludge (SS) as a casing material amendment and the potential uptake of metal elements by the cultivated white button (Agaricus bisporus: MS-39) mushroom. Laboratory experiments were performed under controlled environmental conditions to grow A. bisporus...
- Autores:
-
Kumar, Pankaj
Kumar, Dr. Vinod
Adelodun, Bashir
Bedeković, Dalibor
Kos, Ivica
Siric, Ivan
Alamri, Saad A. M.
Alrumman, Sulaiman
Eid, Ebrahem
Abou Fayssal, Sami
Goala, Madhumita
ARYA, ASHISH KUMAR
BACHHETI, ARCHANA JOSHI
Choi, Kyung Sook
Ajibade, Fidelis O.
Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/9278
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9278
https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8020112
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Bioaccumulation
Mushroom cultivation
Prediction models
Regression analysis
Waste management
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Sustainable use of sewage sludge as a casing material for button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation: experimental and prediction modeling studies for uptake of metal elements |
title |
Sustainable use of sewage sludge as a casing material for button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation: experimental and prediction modeling studies for uptake of metal elements |
spellingShingle |
Sustainable use of sewage sludge as a casing material for button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation: experimental and prediction modeling studies for uptake of metal elements Bioaccumulation Mushroom cultivation Prediction models Regression analysis Waste management |
title_short |
Sustainable use of sewage sludge as a casing material for button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation: experimental and prediction modeling studies for uptake of metal elements |
title_full |
Sustainable use of sewage sludge as a casing material for button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation: experimental and prediction modeling studies for uptake of metal elements |
title_fullStr |
Sustainable use of sewage sludge as a casing material for button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation: experimental and prediction modeling studies for uptake of metal elements |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sustainable use of sewage sludge as a casing material for button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation: experimental and prediction modeling studies for uptake of metal elements |
title_sort |
Sustainable use of sewage sludge as a casing material for button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation: experimental and prediction modeling studies for uptake of metal elements |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Kumar, Pankaj Kumar, Dr. Vinod Adelodun, Bashir Bedeković, Dalibor Kos, Ivica Siric, Ivan Alamri, Saad A. M. Alrumman, Sulaiman Eid, Ebrahem Abou Fayssal, Sami Goala, Madhumita ARYA, ASHISH KUMAR BACHHETI, ARCHANA JOSHI Choi, Kyung Sook Ajibade, Fidelis O. Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe |
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Kumar, Pankaj Kumar, Dr. Vinod Adelodun, Bashir Bedeković, Dalibor Kos, Ivica Siric, Ivan Alamri, Saad A. M. Alrumman, Sulaiman Eid, Ebrahem Abou Fayssal, Sami Goala, Madhumita ARYA, ASHISH KUMAR BACHHETI, ARCHANA JOSHI Choi, Kyung Sook Ajibade, Fidelis O. Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe |
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Bioaccumulation Mushroom cultivation Prediction models Regression analysis Waste management |
topic |
Bioaccumulation Mushroom cultivation Prediction models Regression analysis Waste management |
description |
The present study focused on the use of sewage sludge (SS) as a casing material amendment and the potential uptake of metal elements by the cultivated white button (Agaricus bisporus: MS-39) mushroom. Laboratory experiments were performed under controlled environmental conditions to grow A. bisporus on the composted wheat straw substrate for 50 days. Different treatments (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 g/kg) of casing material were prepared by mixing garden and dried SS and applied on the mushroom substrate after proper sterilization. The results revealed that SS application was significant (p < 0.05) in accelerating mushroom yield with a biological efficiency of 65.02% for the mixing rate of 200 g/kg. Moreover, the maximum bioaccumulation of selected metal elements (Cu, Cr, Cd, Fe, Mn, and Zn) was observed using the same treatment. Additionally, the multiple regression models constructed for the uptake prediction of metal elements showed an acceptable coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.9900), high model efficiency (ME > 0.98), and low root mean square error (RMSE < 0.410) values, respectively. The findings of this study represent sustainable use of SS for the formulation of mushroom casing material contributing toward synergistic agro-economy generation and waste management. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-06-22T12:47:32Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-06-22T12:47:32Z |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-01-25 |
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv |
Kumar, P.; Kumar, V.; Adelodun, B.; Bedekovi´c, D.; Kos, I.; Širi´c, I.; Alamri, S.A.M.; Alrumman, S.A.; Eid, E.M.; Abou Fayssal, S.; et al. Sustainable Use of Sewage Sludge as a Casing Material for Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) Cultivation: Experimental and Prediction Modeling Studies for Uptake of Metal Elements. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8020112 |
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9278 |
dc.identifier.url.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8020112 |
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv |
10.3390/jof8020112 |
dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv |
2309-608X |
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
identifier_str_mv |
Kumar, P.; Kumar, V.; Adelodun, B.; Bedekovi´c, D.; Kos, I.; Širi´c, I.; Alamri, S.A.M.; Alrumman, S.A.; Eid, E.M.; Abou Fayssal, S.; et al. Sustainable Use of Sewage Sludge as a Casing Material for Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) Cultivation: Experimental and Prediction Modeling Studies for Uptake of Metal Elements. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8020112 10.3390/jof8020112 2309-608X Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9278 https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8020112 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Journal of Fungi |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
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Goala, M.; Yadav, K.K.; Alam, J.; Adelodun, B.; Choi, K.S.; Cabral-Pinto, M.M.S.; Hamid, A.A.; Alhoshan, M.; Ali, F.A.A.; Shukla, A.K. Phytoremediation of dairy wastewater using Azolla pinnata: Application of image processing technique for leaflet growth simulation. J. Water Process Eng. 2021, 42, 102152. [CrossRef] 50. Hu, Y.; Mortimer, P.E.; Hyde, K.D.; Kakumyan, P.; Thongklang, N. Mushroom cultivation for soil amendment and bioremediation. Circ. Agric. Syst. 2021, 1, 11. [CrossRef] 51. Pardo-Giménez, A.; Pardo González, J.E.; Zied, D.C. Casing Materials and Techniques in Agaricus bisporus Cultivation. In Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.: Chichester, UK, 2017; Volume 109, pp. 149–174. ISBN 9781119149415. 52. Khakimov, A.; Ismailov, A.; Murodullaeva, M. Casing soils selection for cultivation of common mushroom Agaricus bisporus (JE Lange) Imbach, 1946. Bul. Sci. Pract. 2018, 7, 64–71. 53. Rodrigues, M.M.; Viana, D.G.; Oliveira, F.C.; Alves, M.C.; Regitano, J.B. Sewage sludge as organic matrix in the manufacture of organomineral fertilizers: Physical forms, environmental risks, and nutrients recycling. J. Clean. Prod. 2021, 313, 127774. [CrossRef] 54. Maknali, F.; Kashi, A.; Salehi Mohammadi, R.; Khalighi, A. Enrichment of casing soil with Fe and soy-flour under Pseudomonas inoculation on yield and quality of button mushroom. Rev. Agric. Neotrop. 2021, 8, e5111. [CrossRef] 55. Bhupathi, P.; Subbaiah, K.A.; Balan, V. Influence of Soil Nutrition and Rhizobiome Bacteria on the Growth of Calocybe Indica (P & C). Ann. Rom. Soc. Cell Biol. 2021, 25, 4567–4575. 56. Eid, E.M.; Kumar, P.; Adelodun, B.; Choi, K.S.; Singh, J.; Kumari, S.; Kumar, V. Modeling of mineral elements uptake and localization in cabbage inflorescence (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) grown on sugar mill pressmud-amended soils. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2021, 193, 586. [CrossRef] 57. Indolean, C.; Măicăneanu, A.; Cristea, V.M. Prediction of Cu(II) biosorption performances on wild mushrooms Lactarius piperatus using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) model. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 2017, 95, 615–622. [CrossRef] |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. |
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Kumar, PankajKumar, Dr. VinodAdelodun, BashirBedeković, DaliborKos, IvicaSiric, IvanAlamri, Saad A. M.Alrumman, SulaimanEid, EbrahemAbou Fayssal, SamiGoala, MadhumitaARYA, ASHISH KUMARBACHHETI, ARCHANA JOSHIChoi, Kyung SookAjibade, Fidelis O.Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe2022-06-22T12:47:32Z2022-06-22T12:47:32Z2022-01-25Kumar, P.; Kumar, V.; Adelodun, B.; Bedekovi´c, D.; Kos, I.; Širi´c, I.; Alamri, S.A.M.; Alrumman, S.A.; Eid, E.M.; Abou Fayssal, S.; et al. Sustainable Use of Sewage Sludge as a Casing Material for Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) Cultivation: Experimental and Prediction Modeling Studies for Uptake of Metal Elements. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8020112https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9278https://doi.org/10.3390/jof802011210.3390/jof80201122309-608XCorporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/The present study focused on the use of sewage sludge (SS) as a casing material amendment and the potential uptake of metal elements by the cultivated white button (Agaricus bisporus: MS-39) mushroom. Laboratory experiments were performed under controlled environmental conditions to grow A. bisporus on the composted wheat straw substrate for 50 days. Different treatments (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 g/kg) of casing material were prepared by mixing garden and dried SS and applied on the mushroom substrate after proper sterilization. The results revealed that SS application was significant (p < 0.05) in accelerating mushroom yield with a biological efficiency of 65.02% for the mixing rate of 200 g/kg. Moreover, the maximum bioaccumulation of selected metal elements (Cu, Cr, Cd, Fe, Mn, and Zn) was observed using the same treatment. Additionally, the multiple regression models constructed for the uptake prediction of metal elements showed an acceptable coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.9900), high model efficiency (ME > 0.98), and low root mean square error (RMSE < 0.410) values, respectively. The findings of this study represent sustainable use of SS for the formulation of mushroom casing material contributing toward synergistic agro-economy generation and waste management.12 páginasapplication/pdfengMDPI AGSwitzerlandAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Sustainable use of sewage sludge as a casing material for button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation: experimental and prediction modeling studies for uptake of metal elementsArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/2/112Journal of Fungi1. Shaddel, S.; Bakhtiary-Davijany, H.; Kabbe, C.; Dadgar, F.; Østerhus, S.W. Sustainable sewage sludge management: From current practices to emerging nutrient recovery technologies. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3435. [CrossRef]2. Wang, K.; Mao, H.; Li, X. Functional characteristics and influence factors of microbial community in sewage sludge composting with inorganic bulking agent. 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Experimental and Prediction Modeling Studies for Uptake of Metal Elements.pdfSustainable Use of Sewage Sludge as a Casing Material for Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) Cultivation. Experimental and Prediction Modeling Studies for Uptake of Metal Elements.pdfapplication/pdf838396https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/55b1705d-a6dd-4cea-872a-5cf883da0c60/downloadf17154b501e10daae0a907c4d3fa5bc5MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83196https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/fe86b8df-4080-44d1-a648-b796e6f6d3d0/downloade30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9badMD52TEXTSustainable Use of Sewage Sludge as a Casing Material for Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) Cultivation. Experimental and Prediction Modeling Studies for Uptake of Metal Elements.pdf.txtSustainable Use of Sewage Sludge as a Casing Material for Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) Cultivation. Experimental and Prediction Modeling Studies for Uptake of Metal Elements.pdf.txttext/plain55491https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/9180aa7f-9770-4e0b-b524-7e740d27d78a/downloadadf1cecad2285edb085f462226829184MD53THUMBNAILSustainable Use of Sewage Sludge as a Casing Material for Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) Cultivation. Experimental and Prediction Modeling Studies for Uptake of Metal Elements.pdf.jpgSustainable Use of Sewage Sludge as a Casing Material for Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) Cultivation. Experimental and Prediction Modeling Studies for Uptake of Metal Elements.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg16586https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/5b1b1d04-3e76-4152-a710-b54767792e95/downloadeba7e863ce87579c7a2a5cffc2434c3eMD5411323/9278oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/92782024-09-17 10:15:43.737https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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 |