Rainfall rate and rain attenuation contour maps for preliminary “Simon Bolivar” satellite links planning in Venezuela

YNA DOI: https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v86n209.73774 DYNA, Volumen 86, Número 209, p. 30-39, 2019. ISSN electrónico 2346-2183. ISSN impreso 0012-7353. Rainfall rate and rain attenuation contour maps for preliminary “Simon Bolivar” satellite links planning in Venezuela Mapas de contorno de tasa de pr...

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Autores:: Pinto Mangones, Ángel Dario
Pérez García, Nelson Alexander
Torres Tovio, Juan Manuel
Ramírez, Eduardo José
Castaño Rivera, Samir Oswaldo
VELEZ-ZAPATA, JAIME
Ferreira Rodriguez, John Dwiht
Rujano Molina, Leidy Marian

Tipo de recurso:: Article of journal

Fecha de publicación:: 2019

Institución:: Corporación Universidad de la Costa

Repositorio:: REDICUC - Repositorio CUC

Idioma:: eng

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repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	Rainfall rate and rain attenuation contour maps for preliminary “Simon Bolivar” satellite links planning in Venezuela
dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv	Mapas de contorno de tasa de precipitación y atenuación por lluvias para planificación preliminar de enlaces del satélite "Simón Bolívar" en Venezuela
title	Rainfall rate and rain attenuation contour maps for preliminary “Simon Bolivar” satellite links planning in Venezuela
spellingShingle	Rainfall rate and rain attenuation contour maps for preliminary “Simon Bolivar” satellite links planning in Venezuela Contour maps Rain rate prediction Integration-time conversion Rain attenuation estimation Satellite links Mapas de contorno Credicción de tasa de precipitación Conversión de tiempos de integración Estimación de atenuación por lluvias Enlaces satelitales
title_short	Rainfall rate and rain attenuation contour maps for preliminary “Simon Bolivar” satellite links planning in Venezuela
title_full	Rainfall rate and rain attenuation contour maps for preliminary “Simon Bolivar” satellite links planning in Venezuela
title_fullStr	Rainfall rate and rain attenuation contour maps for preliminary “Simon Bolivar” satellite links planning in Venezuela
title_full_unstemmed	Rainfall rate and rain attenuation contour maps for preliminary “Simon Bolivar” satellite links planning in Venezuela
title_sort	Rainfall rate and rain attenuation contour maps for preliminary “Simon Bolivar” satellite links planning in Venezuela
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Pinto Mangones, Ángel Dario Pérez García, Nelson Alexander Torres Tovio, Juan Manuel Ramírez, Eduardo José Castaño Rivera, Samir Oswaldo VELEZ-ZAPATA, JAIME Ferreira Rodriguez, John Dwiht Rujano Molina, Leidy Marian
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv	Pinto Mangones, Ángel Dario Pérez García, Nelson Alexander Torres Tovio, Juan Manuel Ramírez, Eduardo José Castaño Rivera, Samir Oswaldo VELEZ-ZAPATA, JAIME Ferreira Rodriguez, John Dwiht Rujano Molina, Leidy Marian
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv	Contour maps Rain rate prediction Integration-time conversion Rain attenuation estimation Satellite links Mapas de contorno Credicción de tasa de precipitación Conversión de tiempos de integración Estimación de atenuación por lluvias Enlaces satelitales
topic	Contour maps Rain rate prediction Integration-time conversion Rain attenuation estimation Satellite links Mapas de contorno Credicción de tasa de precipitación Conversión de tiempos de integración Estimación de atenuación por lluvias Enlaces satelitales
description	YNA DOI: https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v86n209.73774 DYNA, Volumen 86, Número 209, p. 30-39, 2019. ISSN electrónico 2346-2183. ISSN impreso 0012-7353. Rainfall rate and rain attenuation contour maps for preliminary “Simon Bolivar” satellite links planning in Venezuela Mapas de contorno de tasa de precipitación y atenuación por lluvias para planificación preliminar de enlaces del satélite "Simón Bolívar" en Venezuela Angel Dario Pinto Mangones, Nelson Alexander Pérez García, Juan Manuel Torres Tovio, Eduardo José Ramírez, Samir Oswaldo Castaño Rivera, Jaime Velez Zapata, John Dwiht Ferreira Rodríguez, Leidy Marian Rujano Molina Texto completo: PDF (English) Bookmark and Share Resumen (en_US) Predicting precipitation rate and rainfall attenuation are key aspects in planning and dimensioning of wireless communications systems operating at frequencies above 10 GHz, such as satellite communication systems at Ku and Ka bands. In this paper, contour maps of rainfall rate and rain attenuation are developed for the first time in Venezuela, based on 1-min rain rate statistics obtained from measurements carried out in Venezuela over at least 30 years period with a higher integration time and using Rice-Holmberg model, refined Moupfouma-Martin model and Recommendation ITU-R P.837-7, for rain rate estimation and Recommendation ITU-R P.618-13, Ramachandran-Kumar model, Yeo-Lee-Ong model and Rakshit-Adhikari-Maitra model, for rain attenuation prediction in “Simon Bolivar” satellite links in Venezuela. The overall results of both types of maps represent a useful tool for preliminary planning of those links in the country, specifically, in Ku and Ka bands.
publishDate	2019
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2019
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2020-05-06T02:35:04Z
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dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv	[1] Pérez-García, N.P., et al., Fenómenos atmosféricos que afectan a las comunicaciones vía satélite, in Perez-Garcia, N.A., Pinto-Mangones, A.D., Torres-Tovio, J.M. and Ramirez, E.J., Planificación y dimensionamiento de sistemas de comunicación vía satélite, Montería, Colombia, Sello Editorial Corporación Universidad del Sinú, 2018, pp. 36-71. ISBN: 978-958-8533-52-8 [2] International Telecommunication Union – Radiocommunication, Recommendation P.618-13: propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of earth-space telecommunication systems, Geneva, Switzerland, 2017. [3] Ramachandran, V. and Kumar, V., Modified rain attenuation model for tropical regions for Ku-band signals. Int. J. Satell. Commun. Netw., 25(1), pp. 53-67, 2007. DOI: 10.1002/sat.846 [4] Yeo, J.X., Lee, Y.H. and Ong, J.T., Rain attenuation prediction model for satellite communications in tropical regions. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 62(11), pp. 5775-5781, 2014. DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2014.2356208 [5] Rakshit, G., Adhikari, A. and Maitra A., Modelling of rain decay parameter for attenuation estimation at a tropical location. Adv. Space Res., 59(12), pp. 2901-2908, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2017.03.028 [6] International Telecommunication Union – Radiocommunication, Recommendation P.837-7: Characteristics of precipitation for propagation modelling, Geneva, Switzerland, 2017. [7] Luini, L., Emiliani, L., Boulanger, X., Riva, C. and Jeannin N., Rainfall rate prediction for propagation applications: Model performance at regional level over Ireland. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 65(11), pp. 6185-6189, 2017. DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2017.2754448 [8] Rice, P.L. and Holmberg, N.R., Cumulative time statistics of surfacepoint rainfall rates. IEEE Trans. Commun., 21(10), pp. 1131-1136, Oct. 1973. DOI: 10.1109/TCOM.1973.1091546 [9] Moupfouma, F. and Martin L., Modelling of the rainfall rate cumulative distribution for the design of satellite and terrestrial communication systems. Int. J. Satell. Commun., 13(2), pp. 105-115, 1995. DOI: 10.1002/sat.4600130203 [10] Rujano-Molina, L.M., Perez-Garcia, N.A. y Nariño-González T., Distribuciones acumulativas de la tasa de lluvias con tiempo de integración de 1-minuto en Venezuela. Ingeniería Al Día [Online], 3(1), pp. 24-44, 2017 [date of reference: April 10th, 2018]. Available at: http://revista.unisinu.edu.co/revista/index.php/ [11] Vieux, B.E., Distributed hydrologic modeling using GIS, 3rd ed. Netherlands: Springer, 2016, pp. 54-61. ISBN: 978-94-024-0930-7 [12] Emiliani, L.D., Agudelo, J., Gutierrez, E. and Fradique-Mendez C., Development of rain-attenuation and rain-rate maps for satellite system design in the Ku and Ka bands in Colombia. IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., 46(6), pp. 54-68, 2004. DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2004.1396736 [13] Ojo, J.S., Ajewole, M.O. and Emiliani, L.D., One-minute rain-rate contour maps for microwave-communication-system planning in a tropical country: Nigeria. IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., 51(5), pp. 82- 88, 2009. DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2009.5432046 [14] Ojo, J.S. and Owolawi, P.A., Development of one-minute rain-rate and rain-attenuation contour maps for satellite propagation system planning in a subtropical country: South Africa. Adv. Space Res., 54(8), pp. 1487-1501, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2014.06.028 [15] Kestwal, M.C., Joshi, S. and Garia L.S., Prediction of rain attenuation and impact of rain in wave propagation at microwave frequency for tropical region (Uttarakhand, India). Int. J. Microw. Sci. Technol., 2014, (Article ID 958498), pp. 1-6. 2014. DOI: 10.1155/2014/958498 [16] Imran, A.Z.M., Islam, M.T., Gafur, A. and Rabby, Y.W., Rain attenuation prediction analysis and contour map design over Bangladesh, Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT 2015), Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. 208-212, 2015. DOI: 10.1109/ICCITechn.2015.7488069 [17] Fialho, M.R.B., Silva, R.M.L., Pontes, M.S., Oliveira, C.H.R. and Gonsioroski, L.H., Mapas de contorno da taxa de chuva utilizando os históricos de dados acumulados de precipitação no Estado do Maranhão para modelagem de fenômenos radiometeorológicos, Anais do XXXIV Simpósio Brasileiro de Telecomunicações e Processamento de Sinais (SBrT 2016), Santarém, PA, Brasil, 2016, pp. 148-151. [18] Islam, M.R., Budalal, A.A.H., Habaebi, M.H., Badron, K. and Ismail, A.F., Performance analysis of rain attenuation on earth-to-satellite microwave links design in Libya, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Mechatronics (ICOM 2017), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2017, pp. 1-6. [19] Mandeep, J.S. and Hassan, S.I.S., Performances of existing rain rate models in equatorial region. J. Geophys. Res., 113(D11), pp. 1-7, 2008. DOI: 10.1029/2007JD009737 [20] Chebil, J. and Rahman, T.A., Development of 1 min rain rate contour maps for microwave applications in Malaysia peninsula. Electron. Lett., 35(20), pp. 1172-1174, 1999. DOI: 10.1049/el:19991188 [21] International Telecommunication Union - Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R), P Series, Radiowave propagation, Recommendation P.15101: mean surface temperature, Geneva, Switzerland, 2017. [22] Stutzman, W.L. and Yon, K.M., A simple rain attenuation model for earth-space radio links operating at 10-35 GHz. Radio Sci., 21(1), pp. 65-72, 1986. DOI: 10.1029/RS021i001p00065 [23] Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología [Online]. [date of reference: March 31th, 2018]. Available at: http://www.inameh.gob.ve/web/ [24] ArcGIS [Online]. [date of reference: June 23th, 2018]. Available at: https://www.esri.com/es-es/arcgis/about-arcgis/overview [25] International Telecommunication Union – Radiocommunication, Recommendation P.839-4: rain height model for prediction methods, Geneva, Switzerland, 2013. [26] International Telecommunication Union – Radiocommunication, Recommendation P.838-3: specific attenuation model for rain for use in prediction methods, Geneva, Switzerland, 2005.
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spelling	Pinto Mangones, Ángel DarioPérez García, Nelson AlexanderTorres Tovio, Juan ManuelRamírez, Eduardo JoséCastaño Rivera, Samir OswaldoVELEZ-ZAPATA, JAIMEFerreira Rodriguez, John DwihtRujano Molina, Leidy Marian2020-05-06T02:35:04Z2020-05-06T02:35:04Z20192346-21830012-7353https://hdl.handle.net/11323/6249https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v86n209.73774Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/YNA DOI: https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v86n209.73774 DYNA, Volumen 86, Número 209, p. 30-39, 2019. ISSN electrónico 2346-2183. ISSN impreso 0012-7353. Rainfall rate and rain attenuation contour maps for preliminary “Simon Bolivar” satellite links planning in Venezuela Mapas de contorno de tasa de precipitación y atenuación por lluvias para planificación preliminar de enlaces del satélite "Simón Bolívar" en Venezuela Angel Dario Pinto Mangones, Nelson Alexander Pérez García, Juan Manuel Torres Tovio, Eduardo José Ramírez, Samir Oswaldo Castaño Rivera, Jaime Velez Zapata, John Dwiht Ferreira Rodríguez, Leidy Marian Rujano Molina Texto completo: PDF (English) Bookmark and Share Resumen (en_US) Predicting precipitation rate and rainfall attenuation are key aspects in planning and dimensioning of wireless communications systems operating at frequencies above 10 GHz, such as satellite communication systems at Ku and Ka bands. In this paper, contour maps of rainfall rate and rain attenuation are developed for the first time in Venezuela, based on 1-min rain rate statistics obtained from measurements carried out in Venezuela over at least 30 years period with a higher integration time and using Rice-Holmberg model, refined Moupfouma-Martin model and Recommendation ITU-R P.837-7, for rain rate estimation and Recommendation ITU-R P.618-13, Ramachandran-Kumar model, Yeo-Lee-Ong model and Rakshit-Adhikari-Maitra model, for rain attenuation prediction in “Simon Bolivar” satellite links in Venezuela. The overall results of both types of maps represent a useful tool for preliminary planning of those links in the country, specifically, in Ku and Ka bands.La tasa de precipitación y la atenuación por lluvias son aspectos claves en la planificación y dimensionamiento de sistemas inalámbricos de comunicaciones que operan en frecuencias superiores a 10 GHz, tales como los sistemas de comunicación vía satélite en las bandas Ku y Ka. En este artículo, se desarrollan por primera vez en Venezuela mapas de contorno de tasa de precipitación y atenuación por lluvias, en base a estadísticas de lluvia de 1-minuto obtenidas a partir de mediciones realizadas en Venezuela en un periodo de al menos 30 años con alto tiempo de integración y usando los modelos Rice-Holmberg, Moupfouma-Martin refinado y Recomendación ITU-R P.837-7, para la estimación de la precipitación y los modelos Recomendación ITU-R P.618-13, Ramachandran-Kumar, Yeo-Lee-Ong y Rakshit-Adhikari-Maitra, para la predicción de la atenuación por lluvias para enlaces del satélite “Simón Bolívar” en Venezuela. Los resultados generales de ambos tipos de mapas representan una herramienta útil para la planificación preliminar de dichos enlaces en el país, específicamente, en las bandas Ku y Ka.Pinto Mangones, Ángel Dario-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-6792-8095-600Pérez García, Nelson AlexanderTorres Tovio, Juan Manuel-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-9368-1436-600Ramírez, Eduardo JoséCastaño Rivera, Samir Oswaldo-will be generated-orcid-0000-0003-3302-3439-600VELEZ-ZAPATA, JAIME-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-0704-2292-600Ferreira Rodriguez, John Dwiht-will be generated-orcid-0000-0001-6195-3516-600Rujano Molina, Leidy Marian-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-7015-6559-600engDYNACC0 1.0 Universalhttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Contour mapsRain rate predictionIntegration-time conversionRain attenuation estimationSatellite linksMapas de contornoCredicción de tasa de precipitaciónConversión de tiempos de integraciónEstimación de atenuación por lluviasEnlaces satelitalesRainfall rate and rain attenuation contour maps for preliminary “Simon Bolivar” satellite links planning in VenezuelaMapas de contorno de tasa de precipitación y atenuación por lluvias para planificación preliminar de enlaces del satélite "Simón Bolívar" en VenezuelaArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion[1] Pérez-García, N.P., et al., Fenómenos atmosféricos que afectan a las comunicaciones vía satélite, in Perez-Garcia, N.A., Pinto-Mangones, A.D., Torres-Tovio, J.M. and Ramirez, E.J., Planificación y dimensionamiento de sistemas de comunicación vía satélite, Montería, Colombia, Sello Editorial Corporación Universidad del Sinú, 2018, pp. 36-71. ISBN: 978-958-8533-52-8[2] International Telecommunication Union – Radiocommunication, Recommendation P.618-13: propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of earth-space telecommunication systems, Geneva, Switzerland, 2017.[3] Ramachandran, V. and Kumar, V., Modified rain attenuation model for tropical regions for Ku-band signals. Int. J. Satell. Commun. Netw., 25(1), pp. 53-67, 2007. DOI: 10.1002/sat.846[4] Yeo, J.X., Lee, Y.H. and Ong, J.T., Rain attenuation prediction model for satellite communications in tropical regions. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 62(11), pp. 5775-5781, 2014. DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2014.2356208[5] Rakshit, G., Adhikari, A. and Maitra A., Modelling of rain decay parameter for attenuation estimation at a tropical location. Adv. Space Res., 59(12), pp. 2901-2908, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2017.03.028[6] International Telecommunication Union – Radiocommunication, Recommendation P.837-7: Characteristics of precipitation for propagation modelling, Geneva, Switzerland, 2017.[7] Luini, L., Emiliani, L., Boulanger, X., Riva, C. and Jeannin N., Rainfall rate prediction for propagation applications: Model performance at regional level over Ireland. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 65(11), pp. 6185-6189, 2017. DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2017.2754448[8] Rice, P.L. and Holmberg, N.R., Cumulative time statistics of surfacepoint rainfall rates. IEEE Trans. Commun., 21(10), pp. 1131-1136, Oct. 1973. DOI: 10.1109/TCOM.1973.1091546[9] Moupfouma, F. and Martin L., Modelling of the rainfall rate cumulative distribution for the design of satellite and terrestrial communication systems. Int. J. Satell. Commun., 13(2), pp. 105-115, 1995. DOI: 10.1002/sat.4600130203[10] Rujano-Molina, L.M., Perez-Garcia, N.A. y Nariño-González T., Distribuciones acumulativas de la tasa de lluvias con tiempo de integración de 1-minuto en Venezuela. Ingeniería Al Día [Online], 3(1), pp. 24-44, 2017 [date of reference: April 10th, 2018]. Available at: http://revista.unisinu.edu.co/revista/index.php/[11] Vieux, B.E., Distributed hydrologic modeling using GIS, 3rd ed. Netherlands: Springer, 2016, pp. 54-61. ISBN: 978-94-024-0930-7[12] Emiliani, L.D., Agudelo, J., Gutierrez, E. and Fradique-Mendez C., Development of rain-attenuation and rain-rate maps for satellite system design in the Ku and Ka bands in Colombia. IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., 46(6), pp. 54-68, 2004. DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2004.1396736[13] Ojo, J.S., Ajewole, M.O. and Emiliani, L.D., One-minute rain-rate contour maps for microwave-communication-system planning in a tropical country: Nigeria. IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., 51(5), pp. 82- 88, 2009. DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2009.5432046[14] Ojo, J.S. and Owolawi, P.A., Development of one-minute rain-rate and rain-attenuation contour maps for satellite propagation system planning in a subtropical country: South Africa. Adv. Space Res., 54(8), pp. 1487-1501, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2014.06.028[15] Kestwal, M.C., Joshi, S. and Garia L.S., Prediction of rain attenuation and impact of rain in wave propagation at microwave frequency for tropical region (Uttarakhand, India). Int. J. Microw. Sci. Technol., 2014, (Article ID 958498), pp. 1-6. 2014. DOI: 10.1155/2014/958498[16] Imran, A.Z.M., Islam, M.T., Gafur, A. and Rabby, Y.W., Rain attenuation prediction analysis and contour map design over Bangladesh, Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT 2015), Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. 208-212, 2015. DOI: 10.1109/ICCITechn.2015.7488069[17] Fialho, M.R.B., Silva, R.M.L., Pontes, M.S., Oliveira, C.H.R. and Gonsioroski, L.H., Mapas de contorno da taxa de chuva utilizando os históricos de dados acumulados de precipitação no Estado do Maranhão para modelagem de fenômenos radiometeorológicos, Anais do XXXIV Simpósio Brasileiro de Telecomunicações e Processamento de Sinais (SBrT 2016), Santarém, PA, Brasil, 2016, pp. 148-151.[18] Islam, M.R., Budalal, A.A.H., Habaebi, M.H., Badron, K. and Ismail, A.F., Performance analysis of rain attenuation on earth-to-satellite microwave links design in Libya, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Mechatronics (ICOM 2017), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2017, pp. 1-6.[19] Mandeep, J.S. and Hassan, S.I.S., Performances of existing rain rate models in equatorial region. J. Geophys. Res., 113(D11), pp. 1-7, 2008. DOI: 10.1029/2007JD009737[20] Chebil, J. and Rahman, T.A., Development of 1 min rain rate contour maps for microwave applications in Malaysia peninsula. Electron. Lett., 35(20), pp. 1172-1174, 1999. DOI: 10.1049/el:19991188[21] International Telecommunication Union - Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R), P Series, Radiowave propagation, Recommendation P.15101: mean surface temperature, Geneva, Switzerland, 2017.[22] Stutzman, W.L. and Yon, K.M., A simple rain attenuation model for earth-space radio links operating at 10-35 GHz. Radio Sci., 21(1), pp. 65-72, 1986. DOI: 10.1029/RS021i001p00065[23] Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología [Online]. [date of reference: March 31th, 2018]. Available at: http://www.inameh.gob.ve/web/[24] ArcGIS [Online]. [date of reference: June 23th, 2018]. Available at: https://www.esri.com/es-es/arcgis/about-arcgis/overview[25] International Telecommunication Union – Radiocommunication, Recommendation P.839-4: rain height model for prediction methods, Geneva, Switzerland, 2013.[26] International Telecommunication Union – Radiocommunication, Recommendation P.838-3: specific attenuation model for rain for use in prediction methods, Geneva, Switzerland, 2005.PublicationORIGINALRainfall rate and rain attenuation contour maps for preliminary.pdfRainfall rate and rain attenuation contour maps for preliminary.pdfapplication/pdf3733627https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/5e3a3186-2929-4350-bdc6-568aa3d04f0f/download535488394f5bdd5981ce4fd5ab2000caMD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8701https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/6934f717-fcca-4bf1-85c3-1df744841792/download42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708cMD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/63fa0a76-2a95-4284-9c75-2a559bd58d7a/download8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD53THUMBNAILRainfall rate and rain attenuation contour maps for preliminary.pdf.jpgRainfall rate and rain attenuation contour maps for preliminary.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg67546https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/e311ceb9-f143-4fa8-b995-9eba00427c98/download1fec17ea82c488d312fab3378ffe75a8MD54THUMBNAILRainfall rate and rain attenuation contour maps for preliminary.pdf.jpgRainfall rate and rain attenuation contour maps for preliminary.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg67546https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/3150500c-b30f-463e-b5e5-d53280f07895/download1fec17ea82c488d312fab3378ffe75a8MD54TEXTRainfall rate and rain attenuation contour maps for preliminary.pdf.txtRainfall rate and rain attenuation contour maps for preliminary.pdf.txttext/plain45176https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/d1c60518-d4be-4911-8982-78c82c9c41b0/download5b9b99e9777c7939e334d2bacc39a521MD5511323/6249oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/62492024-09-17 10:58:47.149http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/CC0 1.0 Universalopen.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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