Serosurvey of spotted fever group Rickettsia in equids from western Pará, Amazon, Brazil
From a previous large epidemiological survey, we randomly selected 474 serum samples (463 horses and 11 mules) distributed among four municipalities of Pará state, Amazon region, Brazil, and from three types: farm animal, urban carthorse, and sport horse. Samples were tested by indirect fluorescence...
- Autores:
-
Hamad Minervino, Antonio Humberto
Andersson, Emelie
Norlander, Emma
Rocha Moreira, Thiago
Maria Gennari, Solange
Mercado Caruso, Nohora Nubia
Moraes Filho, Jonas
Marcili, Arlei
Fernandes Martins, Thiago
Labruna, Marcelo B.
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
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- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10893
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Amazon
Equids
Rickettsia
Ticks
- Rights
- embargoedAccess
- License
- Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Serosurvey of spotted fever group Rickettsia in equids from western Pará, Amazon, Brazil |
title |
Serosurvey of spotted fever group Rickettsia in equids from western Pará, Amazon, Brazil |
spellingShingle |
Serosurvey of spotted fever group Rickettsia in equids from western Pará, Amazon, Brazil Amazon Equids Rickettsia Ticks |
title_short |
Serosurvey of spotted fever group Rickettsia in equids from western Pará, Amazon, Brazil |
title_full |
Serosurvey of spotted fever group Rickettsia in equids from western Pará, Amazon, Brazil |
title_fullStr |
Serosurvey of spotted fever group Rickettsia in equids from western Pará, Amazon, Brazil |
title_full_unstemmed |
Serosurvey of spotted fever group Rickettsia in equids from western Pará, Amazon, Brazil |
title_sort |
Serosurvey of spotted fever group Rickettsia in equids from western Pará, Amazon, Brazil |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Hamad Minervino, Antonio Humberto Andersson, Emelie Norlander, Emma Rocha Moreira, Thiago Maria Gennari, Solange Mercado Caruso, Nohora Nubia Moraes Filho, Jonas Marcili, Arlei Fernandes Martins, Thiago Labruna, Marcelo B. |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Hamad Minervino, Antonio Humberto Andersson, Emelie Norlander, Emma Rocha Moreira, Thiago Maria Gennari, Solange Mercado Caruso, Nohora Nubia Moraes Filho, Jonas Marcili, Arlei Fernandes Martins, Thiago Labruna, Marcelo B. |
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Amazon Equids Rickettsia Ticks |
topic |
Amazon Equids Rickettsia Ticks |
description |
From a previous large epidemiological survey, we randomly selected 474 serum samples (463 horses and 11 mules) distributed among four municipalities of Pará state, Amazon region, Brazil, and from three types: farm animal, urban carthorse, and sport horse. Samples were tested by indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT ≥ 64) for antibodies reactive to spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae using Rickettsia rickettsii as crude antigens. From the 474 equids tested, 149 (31.4%) had ticks attached during sampling, belonging mostly to the species Dermacentor nitens. The overall seroprevalence for SFG rickettsiae was 31.4% (95% confidence interval: 27.3–35.9%) with 149 seropositive animals out of 474 screened. Notably, 77 equids (16.2%) had high endpoint titers ranging from 512 to 16,384, indicating that they had been exposed to SFG rickettsiae not long before sampling. Animal type affected rickettsial seroprevalence, with significantly higher values among farm horses when compared with urban and sport animals. Presence of dogs and tick infestation were negatively associated with equid seropositivity to R. rickettsii. This is the first report of SFG rickettsiae-reactive antibodies in equids from Pará state, Brazilian Amazon. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-12 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-03-19T22:10:53Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-12 2024-03-19T22:10:53Z |
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/draft |
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Minervino, A.H.H., Andersson, E., Norlander, E. et al. Serosurvey of spotted fever group Rickettsia in equids from western Pará, Amazon, Brazil. Exp Appl Acarol 88, 361–370 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-022-00753-4 |
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv |
0168-8162 |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10893 |
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1007/s10493-022-00753-4 |
dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv |
1572-9702 |
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
REDICUC – Repositorio CUC |
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
identifier_str_mv |
Minervino, A.H.H., Andersson, E., Norlander, E. et al. Serosurvey of spotted fever group Rickettsia in equids from western Pará, Amazon, Brazil. Exp Appl Acarol 88, 361–370 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-022-00753-4 0168-8162 10.1007/s10493-022-00753-4 1572-9702 Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC – Repositorio CUC |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10893 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Experimental and Applied Acarology |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Aguirre, A.A.R., Garcia, M.V., Costa, I.N.D. New records of tick-associated spotted fever group Rickettsia in an AmazonSavannah ecotone, Brazil (2018) Ticks Tick Borne Dis, 9, pp. 1038-1044. Alves, A.D.S., Melo, A.L.T., Amorim, M.V. Seroprevalence of Rickettsia spp. in Equids and Molecular Detection of ‘Candidatus Rickettsia amblyommii’ in Amblyomma cajennense Sensu Lato Ticks From the Pantanal Region of Mato Grosso, Brazil (2014) J Med Entomol, 51, pp. 1242-1247. Amorim Filho, E.F., Costa, F.B., Moraes-Filho, J. (2018) Exposure of Baixadeiro Horses to Rickettsia Spp. and to Ticks Infected by Rickettsia Amblyommatis in the Baixada Maranhense Micro-Region, Maranhão, Brazil, Cienc Rural 48 Aragão, H.B., da Fonseca, F. Notas de ixodologia: VII - Otocentor nitens Neuman, 1897) versus Anocentor columbianus Schulze, 1937 e comentários sôbre a rápida disseminação desse ixodideo no Brasil (Acari: Ixodidae) (1953) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 51, pp. 499-501. Barros-Battesti, D., Arzua, M., Bechara, H. Carrapatos de Importância Medico-Veterinaria da Região Neotropical: Um guia ilustrado para identificação de especiés (2006) Vox/Icttd-3/Butantan, Batista, F.G., Silva, D.M., Green, K.T. Serological survey of Rickettsia sp. in horses and dogs in an non-endemic area in Brazil (2010) Rev Bras Parasitol Vet, 19, pp. 205-209. Batista, H.R., Sarturi, C., Stelmachtchuk, F.N. Prevalence and risk factors associated with ectoparasite infestation of buffaloes in an Amazonian ecosystem (2018) Parasit Vectors, 11, p. 335. Campos, S.D., da Cunha, N.C., Almosny, N.R. Brazilian spotted fever with an approach in veterinary medicine and one health perspective (2016) Vet Med Int, 2016, p. 2430945. Cardoso, L.D., Freitas, R.N., Mafra, C.L. Caracterização de Rickettsia spp. circulante em foco silencioso de febre maculosa brasileira no Município de Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brasil (2006) Cad Saude Publica, 22, pp. 495-501. da Costa, I.N., de Abreu Rangel Aguirre, A., de Paulo, P.F.M. Diversity of free-living ticks and serological evidence of spotted fever group Rickettsia and ticks associated to dogs, Porto Velho, Western Amazon, Brazil (2021) Exp Appl Acarol, 83, pp. 555-573. Fang, R., Blanton, L.S., Walker, D.H. Rickettsiae as Emerging Infectious Agents (2017) Clin Lab Med, 37, pp. 383-400. Farias, I.F., de Souza, E.A.R., de Serpa, M.C. Serological evidence of Rickettsia in horses from a semi-arid Brazilian region (2021) Rev Bras Parasitol Vet, 30, pp. NA. Horta, M.C., Labruna, M.B., Sangioni, L.A. Prevalence of antibodies to spotted fever group rickettsiae in humans and domestic animals in a Brazilian spotted fever-endemic area in the state of São Paulo, Brazil: Serologic evidence for infection by Rickettsia rickettsii and another spotted fever group rickettsia (2004) Am J Trop Med Hyg, 71, pp. 93-97. Labruna, M.B., Whitworth, T., Bouyer, D.H. Rickettsia bellii and Rickettsia amblyommii in Amblyomma ticks from the State of Rondônia, Western Amazon, Brazil (2004) J Med Entomol, 41, pp. 1073-1081. Labruna, M.B., Camargo, L.M.A., Terrassini, F.A. Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from the state of Rondonia, western Amazon, Brazil (2005) Syst Appl Acarol, 10, pp. 17-32. Labruna, M.B., Horta, M.C., Aguiar, D.M. Prevalence of Rickettsia infection in dogs from the urban and rural areas of Monte Negro Municipality, Western Amazon, Brazil (2007) Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 7, pp. 249-255. Labruna, M.B. Ecology of rickettsia in South America (2009) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1166, pp. 156-166. Labruna, M.B., Mattar, S., Nava, S. Rickettsioses in Latin America, Caribbean, Spain and Portugal (2011) Rev MVZ Cordoba, 16, pp. 2435-2457. Labruna, M.B., Faccini, J.L.H. The nonparasitic phase of Dermacentor nitens under field conditions in southeastern Brazil (2020) Rev Bras Parasitol Vet, 29, pp. 1-12. Martins, T.F., Onofrio, V.C., Barros-Battesti, D.M., Labruna, M.B. Nymphs of the genus Amblyomma (Acari: Ixodidae) of Brazil: descriptions, redescriptions, and identification key (2010) Ticks Tick Borne Dis, 1, pp. 75-99. Martins, T.F., Barbieri, A.R.M., Costa, F.B. Geographical distribution of Amblyomma cajennense (sensu lato) ticks (Parasitiformes: Ixodidae) in Brazil, with description of the nymph of A. cajennense (sensu stricto) (2016) Parasit Vectors, 9, p. 186. Medeiros, A.P., Moura, A.B., Souza, A.P. Antibodies against rickettsiae from spotted fever groups in horses from two mesoregions in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil (2013) Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec, 65, pp. 1713-1719. Minervino, A.H.H., Cardoso, C., Ortolani, E.L. Características do sistema produtivo da pecuária no município de Santarém, Pará (2008) Acta Amazon, 38, pp. 11-16. Minervino, A.H.H., Lima, J.T.R., Soares, H.S. Seroprevalence of Tick-Borne Pathogens and Tick Infestation in Dogs from Tapirapé and Karajá Indigenous Communities, Brazil (2015) Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Dis, 15, pp. 412-418. Minervino, A.H.H., Torres, A.C., Moreira, T.R. (2019) Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Antibodies against Theileria Equi in Equids of Western Pará, Brazil., Transbound Emerg Dis tbed.13268 Minervino, A.H.H., Labruna, M.B., Dias, S.R. Typhus group rickettsiosis, Brazilian Bmazon (2020) Emerg Infect Dis, 26, pp. 2294-2296. Moreira, T.R., Sarturi, C., Stelmachtchuk, F.N. Prevalence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. In equids of Western Pará Brazil (2019) Acta Trop, 189, pp. 39-45. Oliveira, P.B., Harvey, T.V., Fehlberg, H.F. Serologic and molecular survey of Rickettsia spp. in dogs, horses and ticks from the Atlantic rainforest of the state of Bahia, Brazil (2019) Exp Appl Acarol, 78, pp. 431-442. Parola, P., Paddock, C.D., Socolovschi, C. Update on tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: a geographic approach (2013) Clin Microbiol Rev, 26, pp. 657-702. Pinter, A., Labruna, M.B. Isolation of Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia bellii in cell culture from the tick Amblyomma aureolatum in Brazil (2006) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1078, pp. 523-529. Ribeiro, F.S., Nichols, E., Morato, R.G. Disturbance or propagule pressure? Unravelling the drivers and mapping the intensity of invasion of free-ranging dogs across the Atlantic forest hotspot (2019) Divers Distrib, 25, pp. 191-204. Ricketts, H.T. A Micro-Organism which Apparently Has a Specific Relationship to Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (1909) J Am Med Assoc LII, Sangioni, L.A., Horta, M.C., Vianna, M.C.B. Rickettsial infection in animals and Brazilian spotted fever endemicity (2005) Emerg Infect Dis, 11, pp. 265-270. Soares, H.S., Barbieri, A.R.M., Martins, T.F. Ticks and rickettsial infection in the wildlife of two regions of the Brazilian Amazon (2015) Exp Appl Acarol, 65, pp. 125-140. Spolidorio, M.G., Minervino, A.H.H., Valadas, S.Y.O.B. Serosurvey for tick-borne diseases in dogs from the Eastern Amazon, Brazil (2014) Rev Bras Parasitol Vet, 22, pp. 214-219. Ueno, T.E.H., Costa, F.B., Moraes-Filho, J. Experimental infection of horses with Rickettsia rickettsii (2016) Parasit Vectors, 9, p. 499. |
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© 2024 Springer Nature |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)© 2024 Springer Naturehttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cfHamad Minervino, Antonio HumbertoAndersson, EmelieNorlander, EmmaRocha Moreira, ThiagoMaria Gennari, SolangeMercado Caruso, Nohora NubiaMoraes Filho, JonasMarcili, ArleiFernandes Martins, ThiagoLabruna, Marcelo B.2024-03-19T22:10:53Z2024-122024-03-19T22:10:53Z2022-12Minervino, A.H.H., Andersson, E., Norlander, E. et al. Serosurvey of spotted fever group Rickettsia in equids from western Pará, Amazon, Brazil. Exp Appl Acarol 88, 361–370 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-022-00753-40168-8162https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1089310.1007/s10493-022-00753-41572-9702Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC – Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/From a previous large epidemiological survey, we randomly selected 474 serum samples (463 horses and 11 mules) distributed among four municipalities of Pará state, Amazon region, Brazil, and from three types: farm animal, urban carthorse, and sport horse. Samples were tested by indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT ≥ 64) for antibodies reactive to spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae using Rickettsia rickettsii as crude antigens. From the 474 equids tested, 149 (31.4%) had ticks attached during sampling, belonging mostly to the species Dermacentor nitens. The overall seroprevalence for SFG rickettsiae was 31.4% (95% confidence interval: 27.3–35.9%) with 149 seropositive animals out of 474 screened. Notably, 77 equids (16.2%) had high endpoint titers ranging from 512 to 16,384, indicating that they had been exposed to SFG rickettsiae not long before sampling. Animal type affected rickettsial seroprevalence, with significantly higher values among farm horses when compared with urban and sport animals. Presence of dogs and tick infestation were negatively associated with equid seropositivity to R. rickettsii. This is the first report of SFG rickettsiae-reactive antibodies in equids from Pará state, Brazilian Amazon.4 páginasapplication/pdfengSpringer NetherlandsNetherlandshttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10493-022-00753-4Serosurvey of spotted fever group Rickettsia in equids from western Pará, Amazon, BrazilArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/drafthttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_b1a7d7d4d402bcceBrazilParáAmazonExperimental and Applied AcarologyAguirre, A.A.R., Garcia, M.V., Costa, I.N.D. New records of tick-associated spotted fever group Rickettsia in an AmazonSavannah ecotone, Brazil (2018) Ticks Tick Borne Dis, 9, pp. 1038-1044.Alves, A.D.S., Melo, A.L.T., Amorim, M.V. Seroprevalence of Rickettsia spp. in Equids and Molecular Detection of ‘Candidatus Rickettsia amblyommii’ in Amblyomma cajennense Sensu Lato Ticks From the Pantanal Region of Mato Grosso, Brazil (2014) J Med Entomol, 51, pp. 1242-1247.Amorim Filho, E.F., Costa, F.B., Moraes-Filho, J. (2018) Exposure of Baixadeiro Horses to Rickettsia Spp. and to Ticks Infected by Rickettsia Amblyommatis in the Baixada Maranhense Micro-Region, Maranhão, Brazil, Cienc Rural 48Aragão, H.B., da Fonseca, F. Notas de ixodologia: VII - Otocentor nitens Neuman, 1897) versus Anocentor columbianus Schulze, 1937 e comentários sôbre a rápida disseminação desse ixodideo no Brasil (Acari: Ixodidae) (1953) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 51, pp. 499-501.Barros-Battesti, D., Arzua, M., Bechara, H. Carrapatos de Importância Medico-Veterinaria da Região Neotropical: Um guia ilustrado para identificação de especiés (2006) Vox/Icttd-3/Butantan,Batista, F.G., Silva, D.M., Green, K.T. Serological survey of Rickettsia sp. in horses and dogs in an non-endemic area in Brazil (2010) Rev Bras Parasitol Vet, 19, pp. 205-209.Batista, H.R., Sarturi, C., Stelmachtchuk, F.N. Prevalence and risk factors associated with ectoparasite infestation of buffaloes in an Amazonian ecosystem (2018) Parasit Vectors, 11, p. 335.Campos, S.D., da Cunha, N.C., Almosny, N.R. Brazilian spotted fever with an approach in veterinary medicine and one health perspective (2016) Vet Med Int, 2016, p. 2430945.Cardoso, L.D., Freitas, R.N., Mafra, C.L. Caracterização de Rickettsia spp. circulante em foco silencioso de febre maculosa brasileira no Município de Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brasil (2006) Cad Saude Publica, 22, pp. 495-501.da Costa, I.N., de Abreu Rangel Aguirre, A., de Paulo, P.F.M. Diversity of free-living ticks and serological evidence of spotted fever group Rickettsia and ticks associated to dogs, Porto Velho, Western Amazon, Brazil (2021) Exp Appl Acarol, 83, pp. 555-573.Fang, R., Blanton, L.S., Walker, D.H. Rickettsiae as Emerging Infectious Agents (2017) Clin Lab Med, 37, pp. 383-400.Farias, I.F., de Souza, E.A.R., de Serpa, M.C. Serological evidence of Rickettsia in horses from a semi-arid Brazilian region (2021) Rev Bras Parasitol Vet, 30, pp. NA.Horta, M.C., Labruna, M.B., Sangioni, L.A. Prevalence of antibodies to spotted fever group rickettsiae in humans and domestic animals in a Brazilian spotted fever-endemic area in the state of São Paulo, Brazil: Serologic evidence for infection by Rickettsia rickettsii and another spotted fever group rickettsia (2004) Am J Trop Med Hyg, 71, pp. 93-97.Labruna, M.B., Whitworth, T., Bouyer, D.H. Rickettsia bellii and Rickettsia amblyommii in Amblyomma ticks from the State of Rondônia, Western Amazon, Brazil (2004) J Med Entomol, 41, pp. 1073-1081.Labruna, M.B., Camargo, L.M.A., Terrassini, F.A. Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from the state of Rondonia, western Amazon, Brazil (2005) Syst Appl Acarol, 10, pp. 17-32.Labruna, M.B., Horta, M.C., Aguiar, D.M. Prevalence of Rickettsia infection in dogs from the urban and rural areas of Monte Negro Municipality, Western Amazon, Brazil (2007) Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 7, pp. 249-255.Labruna, M.B. Ecology of rickettsia in South America (2009) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1166, pp. 156-166.Labruna, M.B., Mattar, S., Nava, S. Rickettsioses in Latin America, Caribbean, Spain and Portugal (2011) Rev MVZ Cordoba, 16, pp. 2435-2457.Labruna, M.B., Faccini, J.L.H. The nonparasitic phase of Dermacentor nitens under field conditions in southeastern Brazil (2020) Rev Bras Parasitol Vet, 29, pp. 1-12.Martins, T.F., Onofrio, V.C., Barros-Battesti, D.M., Labruna, M.B. Nymphs of the genus Amblyomma (Acari: Ixodidae) of Brazil: descriptions, redescriptions, and identification key (2010) Ticks Tick Borne Dis, 1, pp. 75-99.Martins, T.F., Barbieri, A.R.M., Costa, F.B. Geographical distribution of Amblyomma cajennense (sensu lato) ticks (Parasitiformes: Ixodidae) in Brazil, with description of the nymph of A. cajennense (sensu stricto) (2016) Parasit Vectors, 9, p. 186.Medeiros, A.P., Moura, A.B., Souza, A.P. Antibodies against rickettsiae from spotted fever groups in horses from two mesoregions in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil (2013) Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec, 65, pp. 1713-1719.Minervino, A.H.H., Cardoso, C., Ortolani, E.L. 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Experimental infection of horses with Rickettsia rickettsii (2016) Parasit Vectors, 9, p. 499.3703613-488AmazonEquidsRickettsiaTicksPublicationORIGINALSerosurvey of spotted fever group Rickettsia in equids from western Pará, Amazon, Brazil.pdfSerosurvey of spotted fever group Rickettsia in equids from western Pará, Amazon, Brazil.pdfArtículoapplication/pdf170250https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/f43d428c-7e79-4433-bfdf-2bd0a7a81925/download61b8cbb4ffe6f2516eb4439614118516MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/795aef1c-4fac-4abc-825f-b5bf539dcdb9/download2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52TEXTSerosurvey of spotted fever group Rickettsia in equids from western Pará, Amazon, Brazil.pdf.txtSerosurvey of spotted fever group Rickettsia in equids from western Pará, Amazon, Brazil.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain9961https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/067f7912-d05e-47d8-8c7e-79528655b526/download29a8e56ccea5cf047d042ded240f43adMD53THUMBNAILSerosurvey of spotted fever group Rickettsia in equids from western Pará, Amazon, Brazil.pdf.jpgSerosurvey of spotted fever group Rickettsia in equids from western Pará, Amazon, Brazil.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg16350https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/3e675efe-0667-46ee-ad98-d19fbf3036ce/download00bbc96b72de896f75eb641b54354f91MD5411323/10893oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/108932024-09-17 10:48:30.668https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/© 2024 Springer Natureopen.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa 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ada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
 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