Pacing and performance analysis of the World’s Fastest Female Ultra-Triathlete in 5x and 10x Ironman

The aim of the present case study was to analyse the performance data of the world’s best female ultra-triathlete setting a new world record in a Quintuple (5xIronman) and Deca Iron (10xIronman) ultra-triathlon, within and between race days, and between disciplines (cycling and running) and races (Q...

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Autores:
Sousa, Caio Victor
Nikolaidis, Pantelis
Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier
Rosemann, Thomas
Knechtle, Beat
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2020
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/6163
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/6163
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Cycling
Fatigue
Running
Swimming
Ultra-endurance
Rights
openAccess
License
CC0 1.0 Universal
id RCUC2_ef1d153c030053b5b30e9fc4a07154e5
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/6163
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Pacing and performance analysis of the World’s Fastest Female Ultra-Triathlete in 5x and 10x Ironman
title Pacing and performance analysis of the World’s Fastest Female Ultra-Triathlete in 5x and 10x Ironman
spellingShingle Pacing and performance analysis of the World’s Fastest Female Ultra-Triathlete in 5x and 10x Ironman
Cycling
Fatigue
Running
Swimming
Ultra-endurance
title_short Pacing and performance analysis of the World’s Fastest Female Ultra-Triathlete in 5x and 10x Ironman
title_full Pacing and performance analysis of the World’s Fastest Female Ultra-Triathlete in 5x and 10x Ironman
title_fullStr Pacing and performance analysis of the World’s Fastest Female Ultra-Triathlete in 5x and 10x Ironman
title_full_unstemmed Pacing and performance analysis of the World’s Fastest Female Ultra-Triathlete in 5x and 10x Ironman
title_sort Pacing and performance analysis of the World’s Fastest Female Ultra-Triathlete in 5x and 10x Ironman
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Sousa, Caio Victor
Nikolaidis, Pantelis
Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier
Rosemann, Thomas
Knechtle, Beat
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Sousa, Caio Victor
Nikolaidis, Pantelis
Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier
Rosemann, Thomas
Knechtle, Beat
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Cycling
Fatigue
Running
Swimming
Ultra-endurance
topic Cycling
Fatigue
Running
Swimming
Ultra-endurance
description The aim of the present case study was to analyse the performance data of the world’s best female ultra-triathlete setting a new world record in a Quintuple (5xIronman) and Deca Iron (10xIronman) ultra-triathlon, within and between race days, and between disciplines (cycling and running) and races (Quintuple and Deca Iron ultra-triathlon). The subject was an elite female triathlete (52 kg, 169 cm) born in 1983. At the time of her world record in Quintuple Iron ultra-triathlon she had an age of 35 years and at the time of the world record in Deca Iron ultra-triathlon 36 years old. The distribution of time spent in each discipline and transitions was 8.48% in swimming, 51.67% cycling, 37.91% running, and 1.94% transitions. There was no difference between the race days of the average speed neither in cycling nor running. The running pace had a within-day variation larger than the cycling pace, and also varied more between race days. In conclusion, the world’s best female ultra-triathlete adopted a steady (even) pacing strategy for both cycling and running, without substantial variations within- or between race days, for both the world record in a Quintuple and a Deca Iron ultra-triathlon.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2020-04-12T18:39:38Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2020-04-12T18:39:38Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2020-02-27
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 1661-7827
1660-4601
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/6163
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv doi:10.3390/ijerph17051543
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv 1661-7827
1660-4601
doi:10.3390/ijerph17051543
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/6163
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv 1. Sousa, C.V.; Nikolaidis, P.T.; Knechtle, B. Ultra-triathlon - pacing, performance trends, the role of nationality and sex differences in finishers and non-finishers. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 2019. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
2. Lepers, R. Analysis of Hawaii ironman performances in elite triathletes from 1981 to 2007. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2008, 40, 1828–1834. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
3. Belinchón-deMiguel, P.; Tornero-Aguilera, J.F.; Dalamitros, A.A.; Nikolaidis, P.T.; Rosemann, T.; Knechtle, B.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. Multidisciplinary Analysis of Differences Between Finisher and Non-finisher Ultra-Endurance Mountain Athletes. Front. Physiol. 2019, 10. [CrossRef]
4. Nikolaidis, P.T.; Di Gangi, S.; de Sousa, C.V.; Valeri, F.; Rosemann, T.; Knechtle, B. Sex difference in open-water swimming-The Triple Crown of Open Water Swimming 1875-2017. PLoS ONE 2018, 13, e0202003. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. Piacentini, M.F.; Bianchini, L.A.; Minganti, C.; Sias, M.; Di Castro, A.; Vleck, V. Is the Bike Segment of Modern Olympic Triathlon More a Transition towards Running in Males than It Is in Females? Sports (Basel) 2019, 7, 76. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
6. Barbosa, L.P.; Sousa, C.V.; Sales, M.M.; Olher, R.D.R.; Aguiar, S.S.; Santos, P.A.; Tiozzo, E.; Simoes, H.G.; Nikolaidis, P.T.; Knechtle, B. Celebrating 40 Years of Ironman: How the Champions Perform. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1019. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
7. Hunter, S.K. Sex differences in human fatigability: mechanisms and insight to physiological responses. Acta Physiol. (Oxf.) 2014, 210, 768–789. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
8. Knechtle, B.; de Sousa, C.V.; Simoes, H.G.; Rosemann, T.; Nikolaidis, P.T. Effects of The Performance Level and Race Distance on Pacing in Ultra-Triathlons. J. Hum. Kinet. 2019, 67, 247–258. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
9. Knechtle, B.; Kach, I.; Rosemann, T.; Nikolaidis, P.T. The effect of sex, age and performance level on pacing of Ironman triathletes. Res. Sports Med. 2019, 27, 99–111. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
10. Swiss Ultra. Available online: www.swissultra.ch (accessed on 26 February 2020).
11. Knechtle, B.; de Sousa, C.V.; Sales, M.M.; Nikolaidis, P.T. Pacing in deca and double deca iron ultra-triathlon. Adapt. Med. 2017, 9, 78–84. [CrossRef]
12. Abbiss, C.R.; Laursen, P.B. Describing and understanding pacing strategies during athletic competition. Sports Med. 2008, 38, 239–252. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
13. Angehrn, N.; Rust, C.A.; Nikolaidis, P.T.; Rosemann, T.; Knechtle, B. Positive pacing in elite IRONMAN triathletes. Chin. J. Physiol. 2016, 59, 305–314. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
14. Herbst, L.; Knechtle, B.; Lopez, C.L.; Andonie, J.L.; Fraire, O.S.; Kohler, G.; Rust, C.A.; Rosemann, T. Pacing Strategy and Change in Body Composition during a Deca Iron Triathlon. Chin. J. Physiol. 2011, 54, 255–263. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
15. Dähler, P.; Rüst, C.A.; Rosemann, T.; Lepers, R.; Knechtle, B. Nation related participation and performance trends in ‘Ironman Hawaii’ from 1985 to 2012. BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabil. 2014, 6, 16. [CrossRef]
16. Clemente-Suarez, V.J. Psychophysiological response and energy balance during a 14-h ultraendurance mountain running event. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. = Physiol. Appl. Nutr. Et Metab. 2015, 40, 269–273. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
17. Suarez, V.J.C.; Arroyo, V.E.M.F.; Campo, D.R.; Valdivielso, F.N.; Rave, J.M.G.; Santos-Garcia, D.J. Analysis of selected physiological performance determinants and muscle damage in a 24-h ultra-endurance relay race: brief clinical report. Int. SportMed J. 2011, 12, 179–186.
18. Belinchon-deMiguel, P.; Clemente-Suarez, V.J. Psychophysiological, Body Composition, Biomechanical and Autonomic Modulation Analysis Procedures in an Ultraendurance Mountain Race. J. Med Syst. 2018, 42, 32. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
19. Belinchon-Demiguel, P.; Clemente-Suarez, V.J. Nutrition, hydration and ergogenic aids strategies in ultraendurance mountain events. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit. 2019, 59, 791–797. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
20. Hormeno-Holgado, A.J.; Clemente-Suarez, V.J. Psychophysiological Monitorization in a Special Operation Selection Course. J. Med Syst. 2019, 43, 47. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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spelling Sousa, Caio VictorNikolaidis, PantelisClemente-Suárez, Vicente JavierRosemann, ThomasKnechtle, Beat2020-04-12T18:39:38Z2020-04-12T18:39:38Z2020-02-271661-78271660-4601https://hdl.handle.net/11323/6163doi:10.3390/ijerph17051543Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/The aim of the present case study was to analyse the performance data of the world’s best female ultra-triathlete setting a new world record in a Quintuple (5xIronman) and Deca Iron (10xIronman) ultra-triathlon, within and between race days, and between disciplines (cycling and running) and races (Quintuple and Deca Iron ultra-triathlon). The subject was an elite female triathlete (52 kg, 169 cm) born in 1983. At the time of her world record in Quintuple Iron ultra-triathlon she had an age of 35 years and at the time of the world record in Deca Iron ultra-triathlon 36 years old. The distribution of time spent in each discipline and transitions was 8.48% in swimming, 51.67% cycling, 37.91% running, and 1.94% transitions. There was no difference between the race days of the average speed neither in cycling nor running. The running pace had a within-day variation larger than the cycling pace, and also varied more between race days. In conclusion, the world’s best female ultra-triathlete adopted a steady (even) pacing strategy for both cycling and running, without substantial variations within- or between race days, for both the world record in a Quintuple and a Deca Iron ultra-triathlon.Sousa, Caio Victor-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-0499-2372-600Nikolaidis, Pantelis-will be generated-orcid-0000-0001-8030-7122-600Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-2397-2801-600Rosemann, ThomasKnechtle, BeatengInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public HealthCC0 1.0 Universalhttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2CyclingFatigueRunningSwimmingUltra-endurancePacing and performance analysis of the World’s Fastest Female Ultra-Triathlete in 5x and 10x IronmanArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion1. Sousa, C.V.; Nikolaidis, P.T.; Knechtle, B. Ultra-triathlon - pacing, performance trends, the role of nationality and sex differences in finishers and non-finishers. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 2019. [CrossRef] [PubMed]2. Lepers, R. Analysis of Hawaii ironman performances in elite triathletes from 1981 to 2007. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2008, 40, 1828–1834. [CrossRef] [PubMed]3. Belinchón-deMiguel, P.; Tornero-Aguilera, J.F.; Dalamitros, A.A.; Nikolaidis, P.T.; Rosemann, T.; Knechtle, B.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. Multidisciplinary Analysis of Differences Between Finisher and Non-finisher Ultra-Endurance Mountain Athletes. Front. Physiol. 2019, 10. [CrossRef]4. Nikolaidis, P.T.; Di Gangi, S.; de Sousa, C.V.; Valeri, F.; Rosemann, T.; Knechtle, B. Sex difference in open-water swimming-The Triple Crown of Open Water Swimming 1875-2017. PLoS ONE 2018, 13, e0202003. [CrossRef] [PubMed]5. Piacentini, M.F.; Bianchini, L.A.; Minganti, C.; Sias, M.; Di Castro, A.; Vleck, V. Is the Bike Segment of Modern Olympic Triathlon More a Transition towards Running in Males than It Is in Females? Sports (Basel) 2019, 7, 76. [CrossRef] [PubMed]6. Barbosa, L.P.; Sousa, C.V.; Sales, M.M.; Olher, R.D.R.; Aguiar, S.S.; Santos, P.A.; Tiozzo, E.; Simoes, H.G.; Nikolaidis, P.T.; Knechtle, B. Celebrating 40 Years of Ironman: How the Champions Perform. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1019. [CrossRef] [PubMed]7. Hunter, S.K. Sex differences in human fatigability: mechanisms and insight to physiological responses. Acta Physiol. (Oxf.) 2014, 210, 768–789. [CrossRef] [PubMed]8. Knechtle, B.; de Sousa, C.V.; Simoes, H.G.; Rosemann, T.; Nikolaidis, P.T. Effects of The Performance Level and Race Distance on Pacing in Ultra-Triathlons. J. Hum. Kinet. 2019, 67, 247–258. [CrossRef] [PubMed]9. Knechtle, B.; Kach, I.; Rosemann, T.; Nikolaidis, P.T. The effect of sex, age and performance level on pacing of Ironman triathletes. Res. Sports Med. 2019, 27, 99–111. [CrossRef] [PubMed]10. Swiss Ultra. Available online: www.swissultra.ch (accessed on 26 February 2020).11. Knechtle, B.; de Sousa, C.V.; Sales, M.M.; Nikolaidis, P.T. Pacing in deca and double deca iron ultra-triathlon. Adapt. Med. 2017, 9, 78–84. [CrossRef]12. Abbiss, C.R.; Laursen, P.B. Describing and understanding pacing strategies during athletic competition. Sports Med. 2008, 38, 239–252. [CrossRef] [PubMed]13. Angehrn, N.; Rust, C.A.; Nikolaidis, P.T.; Rosemann, T.; Knechtle, B. Positive pacing in elite IRONMAN triathletes. Chin. J. Physiol. 2016, 59, 305–314. [CrossRef] [PubMed]14. Herbst, L.; Knechtle, B.; Lopez, C.L.; Andonie, J.L.; Fraire, O.S.; Kohler, G.; Rust, C.A.; Rosemann, T. Pacing Strategy and Change in Body Composition during a Deca Iron Triathlon. Chin. J. Physiol. 2011, 54, 255–263. [CrossRef] [PubMed]15. Dähler, P.; Rüst, C.A.; Rosemann, T.; Lepers, R.; Knechtle, B. Nation related participation and performance trends in ‘Ironman Hawaii’ from 1985 to 2012. BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabil. 2014, 6, 16. [CrossRef]16. Clemente-Suarez, V.J. Psychophysiological response and energy balance during a 14-h ultraendurance mountain running event. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. = Physiol. Appl. Nutr. Et Metab. 2015, 40, 269–273. [CrossRef] [PubMed]17. Suarez, V.J.C.; Arroyo, V.E.M.F.; Campo, D.R.; Valdivielso, F.N.; Rave, J.M.G.; Santos-Garcia, D.J. Analysis of selected physiological performance determinants and muscle damage in a 24-h ultra-endurance relay race: brief clinical report. Int. SportMed J. 2011, 12, 179–186.18. Belinchon-deMiguel, P.; Clemente-Suarez, V.J. Psychophysiological, Body Composition, Biomechanical and Autonomic Modulation Analysis Procedures in an Ultraendurance Mountain Race. J. Med Syst. 2018, 42, 32. [CrossRef] [PubMed]19. Belinchon-Demiguel, P.; Clemente-Suarez, V.J. Nutrition, hydration and ergogenic aids strategies in ultraendurance mountain events. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit. 2019, 59, 791–797. [CrossRef] [PubMed]20. Hormeno-Holgado, A.J.; Clemente-Suarez, V.J. Psychophysiological Monitorization in a Special Operation Selection Course. J. Med Syst. 2019, 43, 47. 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