Costs of Chagas' disease screening test in blood donors in two Colombian blood banks, 2015
Introduction: Transfusion is a mechanism of transmission of Chagas' disease. There are no studies on the costs of the screening test in Colombian blood banks. Objective: To estimate the costs of the screening test for Chagas' disease among blood donors in two Colombian blood banks, 2015. M...
- Autores:
-
Alvis Zakzuk, Nelson Jose
Diaz, Diana Patricia
Castillo, Liliana
Alvis Guzman, Nelson Rafael
Bermudez, María Isabel
Berrio, Olga Maritza
Beltran, Mauricio
Castañeda Orjuela, Carlos Andres
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- 2018
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- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
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https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Blood banks
Colombia
Costs and cost analysis
Disease/diagnosis
Mass screening
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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Costs of Chagas' disease screening test in blood donors in two Colombian blood banks, 2015 |
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv |
Costos de la prueba de tamización para la enfermedad de Chagas en donantes de dos bancos de sangre de Colombia, 2015 Costos de la prueba de tamización para la enfermedad de Chagas en donantes de dos bancos de sangre de Colombia, 2015 |
title |
Costs of Chagas' disease screening test in blood donors in two Colombian blood banks, 2015 |
spellingShingle |
Costs of Chagas' disease screening test in blood donors in two Colombian blood banks, 2015 Blood banks Colombia Costs and cost analysis Disease/diagnosis Mass screening |
title_short |
Costs of Chagas' disease screening test in blood donors in two Colombian blood banks, 2015 |
title_full |
Costs of Chagas' disease screening test in blood donors in two Colombian blood banks, 2015 |
title_fullStr |
Costs of Chagas' disease screening test in blood donors in two Colombian blood banks, 2015 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Costs of Chagas' disease screening test in blood donors in two Colombian blood banks, 2015 |
title_sort |
Costs of Chagas' disease screening test in blood donors in two Colombian blood banks, 2015 |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Alvis Zakzuk, Nelson Jose Diaz, Diana Patricia Castillo, Liliana Alvis Guzman, Nelson Rafael Bermudez, María Isabel Berrio, Olga Maritza Beltran, Mauricio Castañeda Orjuela, Carlos Andres |
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Alvis Zakzuk, Nelson Jose Diaz, Diana Patricia Castillo, Liliana Alvis Guzman, Nelson Rafael Bermudez, María Isabel Berrio, Olga Maritza Beltran, Mauricio Castañeda Orjuela, Carlos Andres |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Blood banks Colombia Costs and cost analysis Disease/diagnosis Mass screening |
topic |
Blood banks Colombia Costs and cost analysis Disease/diagnosis Mass screening |
description |
Introduction: Transfusion is a mechanism of transmission of Chagas' disease. There are no studies on the costs of the screening test in Colombian blood banks. Objective: To estimate the costs of the screening test for Chagas' disease among blood donors in two Colombian blood banks, 2015. Materials and methods: We conducted a micro-costing study from the perspective of the health care provider to estimate the cost of Chagas' disease testing in two blood banks, Banco de Sangre de la Cruz Roja, Seccional Bolívar, and Banco de Sangre del Hospital de Yopal, Casanare, taking into account four cost categories: 1) Administrative costs: public services and insurance costs were calculated based on the blood bank area in square meters; 2) capital costs: building and equipment costs that were annualized using a 3% discount rate and a lifespan of 20 years for building and five for equipment; 3) costs of Chagas' disease test materials and reagents adjusted by blood bank production level, and 4) costs of staff in charge of Chagas' disease test processing. The costs of transfusion bags and immunohematology tests are also reported. Results: The cost of Chagas' disease test in the blood bank of Seccional Bolívar was COP$ 37,804 (USD$ 12), and the blood bag and immunohematology test costs were COP$ 25,941 (USD$ 8.2) and COP$ 6,800 (USD$ 2.2), respectively. In the blood bank of Yopal, Casanare, the costs were COP$ 77,384 (USD$ 24.6), COP$ 30,141 (USD$ 9.6) and COP$ 12,627 (USD$ 4), respectively. Personnel cost accounted for the highest percentage of the total cost for both blood banks (47.5% in Seccional Bolívar, and 55.7% in Yopal, Casanare). Conclusion: Our results are an important input for the planning of services and cost-effectiveness studies for screening tests for Chagas' disease in Colombian blood banks. |
publishDate |
2018 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2018-11-23T20:26:01Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2018-11-23T20:26:01Z |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2018 |
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
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Text |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
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dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv |
01204157 |
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1773 |
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
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REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
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https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
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01204157 Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1773 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
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dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
1. Organización Mundial de la Salud. La enfermedad de Chagas (tripanosomiasis americana). Nota descriptiva N°340. Geneva: OMS; 2016. Fecha de consulta: 21 de enero de 2017. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/ factsheets/fs340/es/. 2. Mazza S, Montaña A, Benítez C, Janzi EC. Transmisión de Schizotrypanum cruzi al niño por leche de la madre con enfermedad de Chagas. MEPRA. 1936;28:41-6. 3. de Freitas JL, Amato Neto V, Sonntag R, Biancalana A, Nussenzweig V, Barreto JG. Primeiras verificações de transmissão acidental da moléstia de Chagas ao homem por transfusão de sangue. Rev Paul Med. 1952;40:36-40. 4. Wendel S. Transfusion transmitted Chagas disease: Is it really under control? Acta Trop. 2010;115:28-34. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.12.006 5. Camargo ME, Segura EL, Kagan IG, Souza JM, Carvalheiro JR, Yanovsky JF, et al. Three years of collaboration on the standardization of Chagas’ disease serodiagnosis in the Americas: An appraisal. Bull Pan Am Health Organ. 1986;20:233-44. 6. Pirard M, Iihoshi N, Boelaert M, Basanta P, López F, van der Stuyft P. The validity of serologic tests for Trypanosoma cruzi and the effectiveness of transfusional screening strategies in a hyperendemic region. Transfusion. 2005;45:554-61. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0041-1132.2005. 04214.x 7. Salles NA, Sabino EC, Cliquet MG, Eluf-Neto J, Mayer A, Almeida-Neto C, et al. Risk of exposure to Chagas’ disease among seroreactive Brazilian blood donors. Transfusion. 1996;36:969-73. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.1996. 36111297091740.x 8. World Health Organization. Control of Chagas’ disease: Second report of the WHO Expert Committee on Chagas’ disease. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002. 9. Lee BY, Bacon KM, Bottazzi ME, Hotez PJ. Global economic burden of Chagas disease: A computational simulation model. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13:342-8. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70002-1 10. Chiaki M. The cost-effectiveness of blood donor screening programs to identify transfusion transmitted Chagas’ disease in Bolivia. Boston: Bureau of International Cooperation, International Medical Center of Japan, Takemi Program in International Health, Harvard School of Public Health; 1995. 11. Ministerio de Salud de Colombia. Resolución 1738 de 30 de mayo de 1995. Fecha de consulta: 29 de julio de 2016. Disponible en: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/ Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/DE/DIJ/RESOLUCION-1738- DE-1995.pdf. 12. Schmunis GA. Riesgo de la enfermedad de Chagas a través de las transfusiones en las Américas. Medicina (B. Aires). 1999;59(Supl.2):125-34. 13. Coordinación Red Nacional de Bancos de Sangre y Servicios de Transfusión. Informe Anual Red de Sangre, 2015. Fecha de consulta: 29 de julio de 2016. Disponible en: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/ RIDE/IA/INS/ins-informe-anual-red-sangre-2015.pdf. 14. Beltrán M, Bermúdez MI, Forero MC, Ayala M, Rodríguez MJ. Control de la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi en donantes de sangre de Colombia, 2003. Biomédica. 2005; 25:527-32. https://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v25i4.1379 15. Instituto Nacional de Salud. Guía para la selección y atención de donantes de sangre y hemocomponentes en Colombia. Instructivo para diligenciamiento de la encuesta. Bogotá, D.C.: INS; 2012. Fecha de consulta: 29 de julio de 2016. Disponible en: http://www.ins.gov.co/lineas-de-accion/ Red-Nacional-Laboratorios/Publicacio/Gu%C3%ADa%20 para%20Selecci%C3%B3n%20de%20Donantes%20 de%20Sangre%20en%20Colombia%202013.pdf. 16. Instituto Nacional de Salud. Circular 001 de 2006: donación voluntaria y altruista de sangre (documento en línea). Bogotá D.C.: INS; 2012. Fecha de consulta: 29 de julio de 2016. Disponible en: http://www.ins.gov.co/lineasde-accion/Red-Nacional-Laboratorios/Normatividad%20 Red%20nal%20bancos%20de%20sangre/Circular%20 001%20de%202006.pdf. 17. Ministerio de la Protección Social. Resolución 3355 de 2009. Fecha de consulta: 29 de julio de 2016. Disponible en: http://www.ins.gov.co/lineas-de-accion/Red-NacionalLaboratorios/Normatividad%20Red%20nal%20bancos%20 de%20sangre/Resolucion%203355%20de%202009.pdf. 18. Ministerio de la Protección Social. Política Nacional de Sangre. Fecha de consulta: 29 de julio de 2016. Disponible en: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/Documentos%20y%20 Publicaciones/LA%20POL%C3%8DTICA%20NACIONAL %20DE%20SANGRE.pdf. 19. Iborra-Bendicho MA, Albert-Hernández M, MárquezContreras C, Segovia-Hernández M. ARCHITECT Chagas®: una nueva herramienta diagnóstica en la enfermedad de Chagas. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2012;30: 463-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2012.02.002 20. Rocha-Muñoz L, Hernández-Peñaranda I, MartínezPedroza D, Castellanos-Domínguez Y. Trypanosoma cruzi: prevalencia y factores de riesgo de seropositividad en donantes de sangre del Hemocentro y Unidad de Aféresis, Valledupar, Colombia, 2013-2014. Med Lab. 2014;20:11-2. 21. Instituto Nacional de Salud. Coordinación Red Nacional de Bancos de Sangre y Servicios de Transfusión. Anexo técnico No.1 - Circular No. 0082 de 2011. Fecha de consulta: 29 de julio de 2016. Disponible en: http://www. ins.gov.co/lineas-de-accion/Red-Nacional-Laboratorios/ Normatividad%20Red%20nal%20bancos%20de%20 sangre/Circular%20082%20de%202014.%20%20 Anexo%20T%C3%A9cnico%201.pdf. 22. Drummond MF, Sculpher MJ, Claxton K, Stoddart GL, Torrance GW. Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2015. 23. Gold MR, Siegel JE, Russell LB, Mce W. Cost-effectiveness in health and medicine: Report of the panel on cost-effectiveness in health and medicine. New York, NY: Oxford University Press Google; 1996. 24. Frick KD. Microcosting quantity data collection methods. Med Care. 2009;47(Suppl.1):S76-81. https://doi.org/10. 1097/MLR.0b013e31819bc064 25. Padilla J. Situación de la enfermedad de Chagas en Colombia. Primer taller internacional sobre control de la enfermedad de Chagas. Bogotá, D.C.: Universidad de los Andes; 2005. Fecha de consulta: 29 de julio de 2016. Disponible en: http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_ docman&task=doc_view&gid=15586&Itemid=). 26. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Guía para la estimación de costos de la regionalización de los bancos de sangre. Washington, D.C: OPS; 2005. Fecha de consulta: 29 de julio de 2016. Disponible en: http://www.salud.gob. mx/cnts/pdfs/blood_guiaCostos.pdf. 27. Alvis-Guzmán N, Marín-Correa C, Castañeda-Orjuela C, Sánchez-Ruiz C, Sánchez-Largaespada JF, CarrasquillaSotomayor M. Costos de tratamiento hospitalario de la infección respiratoria aguda grave en niños de Nicaragua. Infectio. 2015;19:144-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infect.2015. 04.002 28. Banco de la República. Tasa de cambio del peso colombiano (TRM) Bogotá, D.C.: Banco de la República; 2015. Fecha de consulta: 29 de julio de 2016. Disponible en: http://www.banrep.gov.co/es/trm. 29. World Bank. World Bank Data 2013. Fecha de consulta: 29 de julio de 2016. Disponible en: http://data.worldbank.org/. 30. Wilson LS, Ramsey JM, Koplowicz YB, Valiente-Banuet L, Motter C, Bertozzi SM, et al. Cost-effectiveness of implementation methods for ELISA serology testing of Trypanosoma cruzi in California blood banks. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008;79:53-68. 31. Miyoshi C. The cost-effectiveness of blood donor screening programs to identify transfusion transmitted Chagas’ disease. Boston: Takemi Program in International Health, Harvard School of Public Health; 1995. Fecha de consulta: 29 de julio de 2016. Disponible en: https://cdn1.sph.harvard.edu/wpcontent/uploads/sites/114/2012/10/RP101.pdf. 32. Guhl F, García M, Ching R, Juliao O, Jaramillo C, Pachón D, et al. Enfermedad de Chagas transfusional en Colombia. Tribuna Médica. 1995;91:129-36. 33. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Protocolo para la vigilancia en salud pública de Chagas. Fecha de consulta: 29 de julio de 2016. Disponible en: http://www.ins.gov.co/temas-de-interes/Chagas/01%20 Protocolo%20Chagas.pdf. 34. Sánchez-González G, Figueroa-Lara A, Elizondo-Cano M, Wilson L, Novelo-Garza B, Valiente-Banuet L, et al. Costeffectiveness of blood donation screening for Trypanosoma cruzi in Mexico. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10:e0004528. https://doi.org/e0004528. 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004528 |
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Alvis Zakzuk, Nelson JoseDiaz, Diana PatriciaCastillo, LilianaAlvis Guzman, Nelson RafaelBermudez, María IsabelBerrio, Olga MaritzaBeltran, MauricioCastañeda Orjuela, Carlos Andres2018-11-23T20:26:01Z2018-11-23T20:26:01Z201801204157https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1773Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Introduction: Transfusion is a mechanism of transmission of Chagas' disease. There are no studies on the costs of the screening test in Colombian blood banks. Objective: To estimate the costs of the screening test for Chagas' disease among blood donors in two Colombian blood banks, 2015. Materials and methods: We conducted a micro-costing study from the perspective of the health care provider to estimate the cost of Chagas' disease testing in two blood banks, Banco de Sangre de la Cruz Roja, Seccional Bolívar, and Banco de Sangre del Hospital de Yopal, Casanare, taking into account four cost categories: 1) Administrative costs: public services and insurance costs were calculated based on the blood bank area in square meters; 2) capital costs: building and equipment costs that were annualized using a 3% discount rate and a lifespan of 20 years for building and five for equipment; 3) costs of Chagas' disease test materials and reagents adjusted by blood bank production level, and 4) costs of staff in charge of Chagas' disease test processing. The costs of transfusion bags and immunohematology tests are also reported. Results: The cost of Chagas' disease test in the blood bank of Seccional Bolívar was COP$ 37,804 (USD$ 12), and the blood bag and immunohematology test costs were COP$ 25,941 (USD$ 8.2) and COP$ 6,800 (USD$ 2.2), respectively. In the blood bank of Yopal, Casanare, the costs were COP$ 77,384 (USD$ 24.6), COP$ 30,141 (USD$ 9.6) and COP$ 12,627 (USD$ 4), respectively. Personnel cost accounted for the highest percentage of the total cost for both blood banks (47.5% in Seccional Bolívar, and 55.7% in Yopal, Casanare). Conclusion: Our results are an important input for the planning of services and cost-effectiveness studies for screening tests for Chagas' disease in Colombian blood banks.Alvis Zakzuk, Nelson Jose-0000-0001-9382-214X-600Diaz, Diana Patricia-e2b58c2d-07e6-478a-bf34-3d64ff2073cf-0Castillo, Liliana-bbf63743-a907-4edb-9862-40b1c09321c8-0Alvis Guzman, Nelson Rafael-0000-0001-9458-864X-600Bermudez, María Isabel-d11bde0e-a020-4db5-9448-065d8ade6dff-0Berrio, Olga Maritza-f6a561a7-0838-4e36-8b86-1d0d6e98d6ab-0Beltran, Mauricio-348f92cc-4291-4a58-816e-7804b307b798-0Castañeda Orjuela, Carlos Andres-cee8f22a-a83a-48cf-a842-ca42a8cfcb25-0spaBiomedicaAtribución – No comercial – Compartir igualinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Blood banksColombiaCosts and cost analysisDisease/diagnosisMass screeningCosts of Chagas' disease screening test in blood donors in two Colombian blood banks, 2015Costos de la prueba de tamización para la enfermedad de Chagas en donantes de dos bancos de sangre de Colombia, 2015Costos de la prueba de tamización para la enfermedad de Chagas en donantes de dos bancos de sangre de Colombia, 2015Artículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion1. Organización Mundial de la Salud. La enfermedad de Chagas (tripanosomiasis americana). Nota descriptiva N°340. Geneva: OMS; 2016. Fecha de consulta: 21 de enero de 2017. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/ factsheets/fs340/es/. 2. Mazza S, Montaña A, Benítez C, Janzi EC. Transmisión de Schizotrypanum cruzi al niño por leche de la madre con enfermedad de Chagas. MEPRA. 1936;28:41-6. 3. de Freitas JL, Amato Neto V, Sonntag R, Biancalana A, Nussenzweig V, Barreto JG. Primeiras verificações de transmissão acidental da moléstia de Chagas ao homem por transfusão de sangue. Rev Paul Med. 1952;40:36-40. 4. Wendel S. Transfusion transmitted Chagas disease: Is it really under control? Acta Trop. 2010;115:28-34. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.12.006 5. Camargo ME, Segura EL, Kagan IG, Souza JM, Carvalheiro JR, Yanovsky JF, et al. Three years of collaboration on the standardization of Chagas’ disease serodiagnosis in the Americas: An appraisal. Bull Pan Am Health Organ. 1986;20:233-44. 6. Pirard M, Iihoshi N, Boelaert M, Basanta P, López F, van der Stuyft P. The validity of serologic tests for Trypanosoma cruzi and the effectiveness of transfusional screening strategies in a hyperendemic region. Transfusion. 2005;45:554-61. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0041-1132.2005. 04214.x 7. Salles NA, Sabino EC, Cliquet MG, Eluf-Neto J, Mayer A, Almeida-Neto C, et al. Risk of exposure to Chagas’ disease among seroreactive Brazilian blood donors. Transfusion. 1996;36:969-73. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.1996. 36111297091740.x 8. World Health Organization. Control of Chagas’ disease: Second report of the WHO Expert Committee on Chagas’ disease. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002. 9. Lee BY, Bacon KM, Bottazzi ME, Hotez PJ. Global economic burden of Chagas disease: A computational simulation model. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13:342-8. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70002-1 10. Chiaki M. The cost-effectiveness of blood donor screening programs to identify transfusion transmitted Chagas’ disease in Bolivia. Boston: Bureau of International Cooperation, International Medical Center of Japan, Takemi Program in International Health, Harvard School of Public Health; 1995. 11. Ministerio de Salud de Colombia. Resolución 1738 de 30 de mayo de 1995. Fecha de consulta: 29 de julio de 2016. Disponible en: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/ Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/DE/DIJ/RESOLUCION-1738- DE-1995.pdf. 12. Schmunis GA. Riesgo de la enfermedad de Chagas a través de las transfusiones en las Américas. Medicina (B. Aires). 1999;59(Supl.2):125-34. 13. Coordinación Red Nacional de Bancos de Sangre y Servicios de Transfusión. Informe Anual Red de Sangre, 2015. Fecha de consulta: 29 de julio de 2016. Disponible en: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/ RIDE/IA/INS/ins-informe-anual-red-sangre-2015.pdf. 14. Beltrán M, Bermúdez MI, Forero MC, Ayala M, Rodríguez MJ. Control de la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi en donantes de sangre de Colombia, 2003. Biomédica. 2005; 25:527-32. https://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v25i4.1379 15. Instituto Nacional de Salud. Guía para la selección y atención de donantes de sangre y hemocomponentes en Colombia. Instructivo para diligenciamiento de la encuesta. Bogotá, D.C.: INS; 2012. Fecha de consulta: 29 de julio de 2016. Disponible en: http://www.ins.gov.co/lineas-de-accion/ Red-Nacional-Laboratorios/Publicacio/Gu%C3%ADa%20 para%20Selecci%C3%B3n%20de%20Donantes%20 de%20Sangre%20en%20Colombia%202013.pdf. 16. Instituto Nacional de Salud. Circular 001 de 2006: donación voluntaria y altruista de sangre (documento en línea). Bogotá D.C.: INS; 2012. Fecha de consulta: 29 de julio de 2016. Disponible en: http://www.ins.gov.co/lineasde-accion/Red-Nacional-Laboratorios/Normatividad%20 Red%20nal%20bancos%20de%20sangre/Circular%20 001%20de%202006.pdf. 17. 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PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10:e0004528. https://doi.org/e0004528. 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004528PublicationORIGINALCosts of Chagas' disease screening test in blood donors in two Colombian blood banks, 2015.pdfCosts of Chagas' disease screening test in blood donors in two Colombian blood banks, 2015.pdfapplication/pdf113614https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/b0250bb6-7a65-454c-bbdd-7cf16d126cf3/download33a060f53b1e8e5759945666cddb7dd5MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/b9e4e593-7c21-4e3e-abcf-47528f18cef7/download8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD52THUMBNAILCosts of Chagas' disease screening test in blood donors in two Colombian blood banks, 2015.pdf.jpgCosts of Chagas' disease screening test in blood donors in two Colombian blood banks, 2015.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg69130https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/921b62f5-2a89-45ed-b59b-a99e5e0f40ea/download36a251964c7310fdea6dd89c28479207MD54TEXTCosts of Chagas' disease screening test in blood donors in two Colombian blood banks, 2015.pdf.txtCosts of Chagas' disease screening test in blood donors in two Colombian blood banks, 2015.pdf.txttext/plain36960https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/4909a4c5-6918-4362-a2bd-a1c7028319d0/downloaddd5178ea97f764867843d1a5192755eeMD5511323/1773oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/17732024-09-17 14:06:59.399open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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 |