Potencial de generación eléctrica en celdas de combustible microbianas con plantas como fuente de energía renovable

The global demand for energy has led to the search for alternative energies, with low production costs and that minimize environmental impacts. Among the existing technologies, the fuel cell (CC) stands out, which converts chemical energy into electricity. A variant of CC is the microbial fuel cell...

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Autores:
Ramírez Ballestas, Emerson
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2023
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/9985
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9985
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Celdas de combustible microbiana
Organismos bioelectroquímicos
Transferencia de electrones
Rizodeposición
Electrodos
Materia orgánica
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openAccess
License
Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
id RCUC2_ec54329df3ff564212567f16b61a62bf
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/9985
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Potencial de generación eléctrica en celdas de combustible microbianas con plantas como fuente de energía renovable
title Potencial de generación eléctrica en celdas de combustible microbianas con plantas como fuente de energía renovable
spellingShingle Potencial de generación eléctrica en celdas de combustible microbianas con plantas como fuente de energía renovable
Celdas de combustible microbiana
Organismos bioelectroquímicos
Transferencia de electrones
Rizodeposición
Electrodos
Materia orgánica
title_short Potencial de generación eléctrica en celdas de combustible microbianas con plantas como fuente de energía renovable
title_full Potencial de generación eléctrica en celdas de combustible microbianas con plantas como fuente de energía renovable
title_fullStr Potencial de generación eléctrica en celdas de combustible microbianas con plantas como fuente de energía renovable
title_full_unstemmed Potencial de generación eléctrica en celdas de combustible microbianas con plantas como fuente de energía renovable
title_sort Potencial de generación eléctrica en celdas de combustible microbianas con plantas como fuente de energía renovable
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Ramírez Ballestas, Emerson
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Gindri Ramos, Claudete
Moreno Ríos, Andrea Liliana
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Ramírez Ballestas, Emerson
dc.contributor.jury.none.fl_str_mv Torregroza Espinosa, Ana
Nuñez Alvarez, Jose
Neckel, Alcindo
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Celdas de combustible microbiana
Organismos bioelectroquímicos
Transferencia de electrones
Rizodeposición
Electrodos
Materia orgánica
topic Celdas de combustible microbiana
Organismos bioelectroquímicos
Transferencia de electrones
Rizodeposición
Electrodos
Materia orgánica
description The global demand for energy has led to the search for alternative energies, with low production costs and that minimize environmental impacts. Among the existing technologies, the fuel cell (CC) stands out, which converts chemical energy into electricity. A variant of CC is the microbial fuel cell (MCC), where energy is produced by metabolic reactions carried out by microorganisms. The objective of this work was to evaluate the power generation potential of the CCMs using the plants Torenia fournieri, Kalachoe blossfeldiana, Pentas lanceolata, Nephrolepis exaltata, Begonia semperflorens, Asplenium nidus as an alternative source of renewable energy in the municipality of San Jacinto, Bolívar, Colombia. For this, the efficiency of the CCMs was built and analyzed using soil, sand, organic fertilizer and wood ash in a ratio of 3:2:1:1/2, as a means of supplying bacteria. The CCMs were analyzed, as well as the possible variations when using native plants (CCMP). The efficiency of the CCMPs was evaluated by monitoring the potential difference between the cell electrodes. The CCMP with the highest average was with Begonia Semperflorens, 0.607 V, and the lowest with Asplenium nidus, 0.069 V. The highest voltage peaks occurred in Torenia fournieri, with 1.782 V, and Asplenium nidus, with 1.587 V. This study revealed that the CCMPs are a promising technology, which could promote the country's energy development. It is a sustainable, low-cost, viable strategy that contributes to compliance with SDG-7 and is replicable in Colombia and the world
publishDate 2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-04-17T19:53:33Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-04-17T19:53:33Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2023
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9985
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporacion Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9985
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Corporacion Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
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dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Maestría de Investigación en Desarrollo Sostenible MIDES
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spelling Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Gindri Ramos, ClaudeteMoreno Ríos, Andrea LilianaRamírez Ballestas, EmersonTorregroza Espinosa, AnaNuñez Alvarez, JoseNeckel, Alcindo2023-04-17T19:53:33Z2023-04-17T19:53:33Z2023https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9985Corporacion Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/The global demand for energy has led to the search for alternative energies, with low production costs and that minimize environmental impacts. Among the existing technologies, the fuel cell (CC) stands out, which converts chemical energy into electricity. A variant of CC is the microbial fuel cell (MCC), where energy is produced by metabolic reactions carried out by microorganisms. The objective of this work was to evaluate the power generation potential of the CCMs using the plants Torenia fournieri, Kalachoe blossfeldiana, Pentas lanceolata, Nephrolepis exaltata, Begonia semperflorens, Asplenium nidus as an alternative source of renewable energy in the municipality of San Jacinto, Bolívar, Colombia. For this, the efficiency of the CCMs was built and analyzed using soil, sand, organic fertilizer and wood ash in a ratio of 3:2:1:1/2, as a means of supplying bacteria. The CCMs were analyzed, as well as the possible variations when using native plants (CCMP). The efficiency of the CCMPs was evaluated by monitoring the potential difference between the cell electrodes. The CCMP with the highest average was with Begonia Semperflorens, 0.607 V, and the lowest with Asplenium nidus, 0.069 V. The highest voltage peaks occurred in Torenia fournieri, with 1.782 V, and Asplenium nidus, with 1.587 V. This study revealed that the CCMPs are a promising technology, which could promote the country's energy development. It is a sustainable, low-cost, viable strategy that contributes to compliance with SDG-7 and is replicable in Colombia and the worldLa demanda mundial de energía ha llevado a la búsqueda de energías alternativas, de bajo costo de producción y que minimicen los impactos ambientales. Entre las tecnologías existentes se destaca la celda de combustible (CC), que convierte la energía química en eléctrica. Una variante de la CC es la celda de combustible microbiana (CCM), donde se produce energía por reacciones metabólicas realizadas por microorganismos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el potencial de generación eléctrica de las CCMs usando las plantas Torenia fournieri, Kalachoe blossfeldiana, Pentas lanceolata, Nephrolepis exaltata, Begonia semperflorens, Asplenium nidus como fuente alternativa de energía renovable en el municipio San Jacinto, Bolívar, Colombia. Para ello se construyó y analizó la eficiencia de las CCMs utilizando suelo, arena, abono orgánico y ceniza de madera en una proporción de 3:2:1:1/2, como medio de suministro de bacterias. Se analizaron las CCMs, así como las posibles variaciones al utilizar plantas nativas (CCMP). La eficiencia de las CCMPs se evaluó monitoreando la diferencia de potencial entre los electrodos de la celda. La CCMP con la media más alta fue con Begonia Semperflorens, 0,607 V y la más baja con Asplenium nidus 0,069 V. Los picos de voltaje más altos ocurrieron en Torenia fournieri con 1,782 V y Asplenium nidus, con 1,587 V. Este estudio reveló que las CCMPs son una tecnología promisoria, que podría promover el desarrollo energético del país. Es una estrategia sostenible de bajo costo, viable, que aporta al cumplimiento del ODS-7 y reproducible en Colombia y el mundoPlanteamiento del problema 22--Hipótesis25--Objetivos 25--Objetivo general 25--Objetivos específicos 25--Capítulo I. Marco teórico 27--Crisis de energía 27--Celdas de combustible 27--Plantas 28--Celdas de combustible microbianas 29--Microorganismos 32--Microalgas 32--Proceso de generación de energía 33--Estado del Arte 37--Capítulo II. Materiales y métodos 42--Instrumentos de medición o recolección de datos--uantitativos. 43--Diseño metodológico 44--Identificación y caracterización de las bacterias 46--Celda de combustible microbianas con plantas, montaje y funcionamiento 49--Recolección de datos y análisis de resultados 50--Generación de energía 51--Configuración de las celdas de combustible microbianas con plantas. 51—Capítulo III. Resultados 58--Informe Analítico de Suelo Agrícola 58--Datos CCMP 63--Capítulo IV. Discusiones 75--Análisis de resultados microbiológicos 76--Análisis de los resultados fisicoquímicos de suelos 84--Análisis del potencial eléctrico de las CCMPs 89--Conclusiones 92--Recomendaciones 95--Referencias 96Magíster en Investigación en Desarrollo Sostenible MIDESMaestría162 páginasapplication/pdfspaCorporación Universidad de la CostaCivil y AmbientalBarranquilla, ColombiaMaestría de Investigación en Desarrollo Sostenible MIDESPotencial de generación eléctrica en celdas de combustible microbianas con plantas como fuente de energía renovableTrabajo de grado - MaestríaTextinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesishttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionArca Electrónica. (20). Retrieved November 18, 2022, from http://arcaelectronica.blogspot.com/2017/Abdel-Gelel, I. Y., Abdel-Mongy, M., Hamza, H. A., Abbas, R. N., & Abdelgelel, I. Y. (2021). 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ada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.


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