A novel framework for capacitated SDN controller placement: balancing latency and reliability with PSO algorithm

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a new network architecture theoretical framework, which based on the partition of the control plane and the data plane. Some of the important features of SDN are centralized network management, open code, scalability, effective utilization of network resources, e...

Full description

Autores:
Deep Singh, Gagan
Tripathi, Vikas
Dumka, Ankur
Singh Rathore, Rajkumar
Bajaj, Mohit
Escorcia-Gutierrez, José
Aljehane, Nojood O.
Blazek, Vojtech
Prokop, Lukas
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2023
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/14101
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/14101
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Capacitated controllers arrangement
Controller placement problems
Latency
Particle swarm optimization
Software defined networking
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
id RCUC2_e4a4638facacc2e7166582fa0c4ce7cc
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/14101
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv A novel framework for capacitated SDN controller placement: balancing latency and reliability with PSO algorithm
title A novel framework for capacitated SDN controller placement: balancing latency and reliability with PSO algorithm
spellingShingle A novel framework for capacitated SDN controller placement: balancing latency and reliability with PSO algorithm
Capacitated controllers arrangement
Controller placement problems
Latency
Particle swarm optimization
Software defined networking
title_short A novel framework for capacitated SDN controller placement: balancing latency and reliability with PSO algorithm
title_full A novel framework for capacitated SDN controller placement: balancing latency and reliability with PSO algorithm
title_fullStr A novel framework for capacitated SDN controller placement: balancing latency and reliability with PSO algorithm
title_full_unstemmed A novel framework for capacitated SDN controller placement: balancing latency and reliability with PSO algorithm
title_sort A novel framework for capacitated SDN controller placement: balancing latency and reliability with PSO algorithm
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Deep Singh, Gagan
Tripathi, Vikas
Dumka, Ankur
Singh Rathore, Rajkumar
Bajaj, Mohit
Escorcia-Gutierrez, José
Aljehane, Nojood O.
Blazek, Vojtech
Prokop, Lukas
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Deep Singh, Gagan
Tripathi, Vikas
Dumka, Ankur
Singh Rathore, Rajkumar
Bajaj, Mohit
Escorcia-Gutierrez, José
Aljehane, Nojood O.
Blazek, Vojtech
Prokop, Lukas
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Capacitated controllers arrangement
Controller placement problems
Latency
Particle swarm optimization
Software defined networking
topic Capacitated controllers arrangement
Controller placement problems
Latency
Particle swarm optimization
Software defined networking
description Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a new network architecture theoretical framework, which based on the partition of the control plane and the data plane. Some of the important features of SDN are centralized network management, open code, scalability, effective utilization of network resources, effective traffic management, security etc. All these administrative decisions taken by the controller which lies at the top of the data plane. Efficient placing of controllers is essential to enhance the network's reliability, which ultimately improves the performance of the network. Much of the work done in the SDN has been aimed on controller placement problems (CPP) by considering latency and reliability of the network separately whereas few of them acknowledged both latency and reliability simultaneously. We considered both communication latency and reliable communication to solve CPP. To achieve this, we aim to minimize the total average latency of the network with a reliable network model that can work perfectly up to the failure of n-1 controllers out of n deployed. We first formulate an efficient algorithm “Capacitated Controllers Arrangement (CCA)” to define the problem and used nature-based metaheuristic technique, Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) to achieve the solution. By intelligently allocating controllers, this dynamic system minimizes network latency and optimizes switch assignments. Three controllers deliver excellent reliability and latency performance even despite controller breakdowns, according to experiments conducted on the Internet2 OS3E architecture. This novel method not only increases SDN efficiency but also establishes a standard for further improvements in controller placement tactics. The outcome shows that the proposed approach achieves its goal efficiently and in future other multi-objective optimization techniques will be explored to solve reliability aware CPP.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2023-12-20
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2025-04-04T23:53:38Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2025-04-04T23:53:38Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.citation.none.fl_str_mv Gagan Deep Singh, Vikas Tripathi, Ankur Dumka, Rajkumar Singh Rathore, Mohit Bajaj, José Escorcia-Gutierrez, Nojood O. Aljehane, Vojtech Blazek, Lukas Prokop, A novel framework for capacitated SDN controller placement: Balancing latency and reliability with PSO algorithm, Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 87, 2024, Pages 77-92, ISSN 1110-0168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.12.018
dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv 1110-0168
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/14101
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.1016/j.aej.2023.12.018
dc.identifier.eissn.none.fl_str_mv 2090-2670
dc.identifier.instname.none.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.none.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Gagan Deep Singh, Vikas Tripathi, Ankur Dumka, Rajkumar Singh Rathore, Mohit Bajaj, José Escorcia-Gutierrez, Nojood O. Aljehane, Vojtech Blazek, Lukas Prokop, A novel framework for capacitated SDN controller placement: Balancing latency and reliability with PSO algorithm, Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 87, 2024, Pages 77-92, ISSN 1110-0168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.12.018
1110-0168
10.1016/j.aej.2023.12.018
2090-2670
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/14101
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.none.fl_str_mv AEJ - Alexandria Engineering Journal
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv D. Kreutz, F.M.V. Ramos, P.E. Verissimo, C.E. Rothenberg, S. Azodolmolky, S. Uhlig, Software-defined networking: a comprehensive survey, Proc. IEEE 103 (1) (2015) 14–76, https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2014.2371999
O. Blial, M. Ben Mamoun, R. Benaini, An overview on SDN architectures with multiple controllers, J. Comput. Netw. Commun. 2016 (2016), https://doi.org/ 10.1155/2016/9396525
Y.E. Oktian, S.G. Lee, H.J. Lee, J.H. Lam, Distributed SDN controller system: a survey on design choice, Comput. Netw. 121 (2017) 100–111, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.comnet.2017.04.038
M. Karakus, A. Durresi, Quality of service (QoS) in software defined networking (SDN): a survey, J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 80 (2017) 200–218, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jnca.2016.12.019.
G. Wang, Y. Zhao, J. Huang, W. Wang, The controller placement problem in software defined networking: a survey, IEEE Netw. 31 (5) (2017) 21–27, https:// doi.org/10.1109/MNET.2017.1600182
A.K. Singh, S. Srivastava, A survey and classification of controller placement problem in SDN, Int. J. Netw. Manag. 28 (3) (2018), https://doi.org/10.1002/ nem.2018
Y. Zhang, L. Cui, W. Wang, Y. Zhang, A survey on software defined networking with multiple controllers, J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 103 (2018) 101–118, https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2017.11.015
B.P.R. Killi, S.V. Rao, Controller placement in software defined networks: a comprehensive survey, Comput. Netw. 163 (2019), https://doi.org/10.1016/j. comnet.2019.106883
T. Das, V. Sridharan, M. Gurusamy, A survey on controller placement in SDN, IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 22 (1) (2020) 472–503, https://doi.org/10.1109/ COMST.2019.2935453
G. Zhou, R. Zhang, S. Huang, Generalized buffering algorithm, IEEE Access 9 (2021) 27140–27157, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3057719
Min Qi, Shanshan Cui, Xin Chang, Yuelei Xu, Hongying Meng, Yi Wang, Ting Yin, Multi-region nonuniform brightness correction algorithm based on L-channel gamma transform, Secur. Commun. Netw. 2022 (2022), https://doi.org/10.1155/ 2022/2675950
K. Ma, et al., Reliability-constrained throughput optimization of industrial wireless sensor networks with energy harvesting relay, IEEE Internet Things J. 8 (17) (2021) 13343–13354, https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2021.3065966
X. Xie, Y. Sun, A piecewise probabilistic harmonic power flow approach in unbalanced residential distribution systems, Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 141 (2022), 108114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108114
Q. Ni, J. Guo, W. Wu, H. Wang, Influence-based community partition with sandwich method for social networks, IEEE Trans. Comput. Soc. Syst. (2022) 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSS.2022.3148411
Q. Ni, J. Guo, W. Wu, H. Wang, J. Wu, Continuous influence-based community partition for social networks, IEEE Trans. Netw. Sci. Eng. 9 (3) (2022) 1187–1197, https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSE.2021.3137353
Dongyu Li, Haoyong Yu, Keng Peng Tee, Yan Wu, Shuzhi Sam Ge, Tong Heng Lee, On time-synchronized stability and control, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst. (2021) 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2021.3050183
C. Zong, Z. Wan, Container ship cell guide accuracy check technology based on improved 3d point cloud instance segmentation, Brodogradnja 73 (1) (2022) 23–35, https://doi.org/10.21278/brod73102
X. J, Z. X, H.P. S, G. K, The alleviation of perceptual blindness during driving in urban areas guided by saccades recommendation, IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. (2022) 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2022.3149994
X. J, H.P. S, Z. X, H. J, The improvement of road driving safety guided by visual inattentional blindness, IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 23 (6) (2022) 4972–4981, https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2020.3044927
Yi Mao, Rui Sun, Junhui Wang, Qi Cheng, Loo Chu Kiong, Washington Yotto Ochieng, New time-differenced carrier phase approach to GNSS/INS integration, GPS Solut. 26 (4) (2022), 122, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-022- 01314-3
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© 2023 The Authors.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
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spelling Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)© 2023 The Authors.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Deep Singh, GaganTripathi, VikasDumka, AnkurSingh Rathore, RajkumarBajaj, MohitEscorcia-Gutierrez, Josévirtual::1034-1Aljehane, Nojood O.Blazek, VojtechProkop, Lukas2025-04-04T23:53:38Z2025-04-04T23:53:38Z2023-12-20Gagan Deep Singh, Vikas Tripathi, Ankur Dumka, Rajkumar Singh Rathore, Mohit Bajaj, José Escorcia-Gutierrez, Nojood O. Aljehane, Vojtech Blazek, Lukas Prokop, A novel framework for capacitated SDN controller placement: Balancing latency and reliability with PSO algorithm, Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 87, 2024, Pages 77-92, ISSN 1110-0168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.12.0181110-0168https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1410110.1016/j.aej.2023.12.0182090-2670Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a new network architecture theoretical framework, which based on the partition of the control plane and the data plane. Some of the important features of SDN are centralized network management, open code, scalability, effective utilization of network resources, effective traffic management, security etc. All these administrative decisions taken by the controller which lies at the top of the data plane. Efficient placing of controllers is essential to enhance the network's reliability, which ultimately improves the performance of the network. Much of the work done in the SDN has been aimed on controller placement problems (CPP) by considering latency and reliability of the network separately whereas few of them acknowledged both latency and reliability simultaneously. We considered both communication latency and reliable communication to solve CPP. To achieve this, we aim to minimize the total average latency of the network with a reliable network model that can work perfectly up to the failure of n-1 controllers out of n deployed. We first formulate an efficient algorithm “Capacitated Controllers Arrangement (CCA)” to define the problem and used nature-based metaheuristic technique, Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) to achieve the solution. By intelligently allocating controllers, this dynamic system minimizes network latency and optimizes switch assignments. Three controllers deliver excellent reliability and latency performance even despite controller breakdowns, according to experiments conducted on the Internet2 OS3E architecture. This novel method not only increases SDN efficiency but also establishes a standard for further improvements in controller placement tactics. The outcome shows that the proposed approach achieves its goal efficiently and in future other multi-objective optimization techniques will be explored to solve reliability aware CPP.16 páginasapplication/pdfengElsevier B.V.Netherlandshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016823011079?pes=vor&utm_source=scopus&getft_integrator=scopusA novel framework for capacitated SDN controller placement: balancing latency and reliability with PSO algorithmArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85AEJ - Alexandria Engineering JournalD. Kreutz, F.M.V. Ramos, P.E. Verissimo, C.E. Rothenberg, S. Azodolmolky, S. Uhlig, Software-defined networking: a comprehensive survey, Proc. IEEE 103 (1) (2015) 14–76, https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2014.2371999O. Blial, M. Ben Mamoun, R. Benaini, An overview on SDN architectures with multiple controllers, J. Comput. Netw. Commun. 2016 (2016), https://doi.org/ 10.1155/2016/9396525Y.E. Oktian, S.G. Lee, H.J. Lee, J.H. Lam, Distributed SDN controller system: a survey on design choice, Comput. Netw. 121 (2017) 100–111, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.comnet.2017.04.038M. Karakus, A. Durresi, Quality of service (QoS) in software defined networking (SDN): a survey, J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 80 (2017) 200–218, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jnca.2016.12.019.G. Wang, Y. Zhao, J. Huang, W. Wang, The controller placement problem in software defined networking: a survey, IEEE Netw. 31 (5) (2017) 21–27, https:// doi.org/10.1109/MNET.2017.1600182A.K. Singh, S. Srivastava, A survey and classification of controller placement problem in SDN, Int. J. Netw. Manag. 28 (3) (2018), https://doi.org/10.1002/ nem.2018Y. Zhang, L. Cui, W. Wang, Y. Zhang, A survey on software defined networking with multiple controllers, J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 103 (2018) 101–118, https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2017.11.015B.P.R. Killi, S.V. Rao, Controller placement in software defined networks: a comprehensive survey, Comput. Netw. 163 (2019), https://doi.org/10.1016/j. comnet.2019.106883T. Das, V. Sridharan, M. Gurusamy, A survey on controller placement in SDN, IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 22 (1) (2020) 472–503, https://doi.org/10.1109/ COMST.2019.2935453G. Zhou, R. Zhang, S. Huang, Generalized buffering algorithm, IEEE Access 9 (2021) 27140–27157, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3057719Min Qi, Shanshan Cui, Xin Chang, Yuelei Xu, Hongying Meng, Yi Wang, Ting Yin, Multi-region nonuniform brightness correction algorithm based on L-channel gamma transform, Secur. Commun. Netw. 2022 (2022), https://doi.org/10.1155/ 2022/2675950K. Ma, et al., Reliability-constrained throughput optimization of industrial wireless sensor networks with energy harvesting relay, IEEE Internet Things J. 8 (17) (2021) 13343–13354, https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2021.3065966X. Xie, Y. Sun, A piecewise probabilistic harmonic power flow approach in unbalanced residential distribution systems, Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 141 (2022), 108114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108114Q. Ni, J. Guo, W. Wu, H. Wang, Influence-based community partition with sandwich method for social networks, IEEE Trans. Comput. Soc. Syst. (2022) 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSS.2022.3148411Q. Ni, J. Guo, W. Wu, H. Wang, J. Wu, Continuous influence-based community partition for social networks, IEEE Trans. Netw. Sci. Eng. 9 (3) (2022) 1187–1197, https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSE.2021.3137353Dongyu Li, Haoyong Yu, Keng Peng Tee, Yan Wu, Shuzhi Sam Ge, Tong Heng Lee, On time-synchronized stability and control, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst. (2021) 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2021.3050183C. Zong, Z. Wan, Container ship cell guide accuracy check technology based on improved 3d point cloud instance segmentation, Brodogradnja 73 (1) (2022) 23–35, https://doi.org/10.21278/brod73102X. J, Z. X, H.P. S, G. K, The alleviation of perceptual blindness during driving in urban areas guided by saccades recommendation, IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. (2022) 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2022.3149994X. J, H.P. S, Z. X, H. J, The improvement of road driving safety guided by visual inattentional blindness, IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 23 (6) (2022) 4972–4981, https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2020.3044927Yi Mao, Rui Sun, Junhui Wang, Qi Cheng, Loo Chu Kiong, Washington Yotto Ochieng, New time-differenced carrier phase approach to GNSS/INS integration, GPS Solut. 26 (4) (2022), 122, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-022- 01314-3927787Capacitated controllers arrangementController placement problemsLatencyParticle swarm optimizationSoftware defined networkingPublication07ebcf7d-aa36-4696-8947-aee32fe8f299virtual::1034-107ebcf7d-aa36-4696-8947-aee32fe8f299virtual::1034-10000-0003-0518-3187virtual::1034-1ORIGINALA novel framework for capacitated SDN controller placement Balancing.pdfA novel framework for capacitated SDN controller placement Balancing.pdfapplication/pdf6826206https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/a596da2d-1148-4f66-8b73-d5a0b0133af4/download7d42ccf10c8f1da7d65c2d866786e6f2MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; 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ara ejercer estos derechos sobre la Obra tal y como se indica a continuación:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Reproducir la Obra, incorporar la Obra en una o más Obras Colectivas, y reproducir la Obra incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.</li>
    </ol>
    <p>Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Restricciones.
    <p>La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).</li>
      <li>Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.</li>
      <li>Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.</li>
      <li>
        Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
        <ol type="i">
          <li>Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
          <li>Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li>Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Limitación de responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Término.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Varios.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.</li>
      <li>Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.</li>
      <li>Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
</ol>
