Propuesta metodológica para la caracterización geotécnica de un suelo tropical derivado de rocas volcánicas

Introduction− Soils found in tropical zones, as they are subject to factors that favour the chemical meteorisation process, tend to have particular geotechnical properties as opposed to those found in temperate zones. Fundamental aspects such as the degree of meteorization and genesis of the materia...

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Autores:
Aparicio Ortubé, Alan Jaret
Camelo Espinosa, Lizeth Viviana
Henao Yepes, Carlos Mario
Fresneda Saldarriaga, César Alejandro
Carolina, Eileen
Sierra Hernández, María Camila
Vanegas Chaverra, Eduard Danilo
Valencia González, Yamile
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2019
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
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REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
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spa
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https://hdl.handle.net/11323/5813
https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.15.2.2019.06
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Suelo tropical
Roca volcánica
Caracterización geotécnica
Tropical soil
Volcanic rock
Geotechnical characterization
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Propuesta metodológica para la caracterización geotécnica de un suelo tropical derivado de rocas volcánicas
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv Methodological proposal for the geotechnical characterization of a tropical soil derived from volcanic rocks
title Propuesta metodológica para la caracterización geotécnica de un suelo tropical derivado de rocas volcánicas
spellingShingle Propuesta metodológica para la caracterización geotécnica de un suelo tropical derivado de rocas volcánicas
Suelo tropical
Roca volcánica
Caracterización geotécnica
Tropical soil
Volcanic rock
Geotechnical characterization
title_short Propuesta metodológica para la caracterización geotécnica de un suelo tropical derivado de rocas volcánicas
title_full Propuesta metodológica para la caracterización geotécnica de un suelo tropical derivado de rocas volcánicas
title_fullStr Propuesta metodológica para la caracterización geotécnica de un suelo tropical derivado de rocas volcánicas
title_full_unstemmed Propuesta metodológica para la caracterización geotécnica de un suelo tropical derivado de rocas volcánicas
title_sort Propuesta metodológica para la caracterización geotécnica de un suelo tropical derivado de rocas volcánicas
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Aparicio Ortubé, Alan Jaret
Camelo Espinosa, Lizeth Viviana
Henao Yepes, Carlos Mario
Fresneda Saldarriaga, César Alejandro
Carolina, Eileen
Sierra Hernández, María Camila
Vanegas Chaverra, Eduard Danilo
Valencia González, Yamile
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Aparicio Ortubé, Alan Jaret
Camelo Espinosa, Lizeth Viviana
Henao Yepes, Carlos Mario
Fresneda Saldarriaga, César Alejandro
Carolina, Eileen
Sierra Hernández, María Camila
Vanegas Chaverra, Eduard Danilo
Valencia González, Yamile
dc.subject.proposal.none.fl_str_mv Suelo tropical
topic Suelo tropical
Roca volcánica
Caracterización geotécnica
Tropical soil
Volcanic rock
Geotechnical characterization
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Roca volcánica
Caracterización geotécnica
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Tropical soil
Volcanic rock
Geotechnical characterization
description Introduction− Soils found in tropical zones, as they are subject to factors that favour the chemical meteorisation process, tend to have particular geotechnical properties as opposed to those found in temperate zones. Fundamental aspects such as the degree of meteorization and genesis of the material, which tend to influence soil properties, are not taken into account by the methodologies intended to study the characteristics of these soils. Consequently, they are insufficient, requiring complementary procedures for an adequate description of the geotechnical characteristics of the material. Objective− To propose a methodology for the characterization of a tropical soil derived from volcanic rocks. This is an attempt to adequately describe this type of soil and extrapolate it to soils of tropical regions derived from different rocks. For this purpose, a tropical soil located on a slope southwest of the municipality of Caldas in Antioquia (Colombia) was taken as a case study. Methodology− An experimental program was developed to evaluate the physical, chemical, mineralogical and hydro-mechanical properties of the material in the study area. Results− It was found that the relationship between the degree of weathering and the genesis of the material have an influence on the geotechnical properties evaluated. Conclusions− With this methodological proposal it was possible to evaluate important aspects such as the degree of meteorization and genesis of the material, obtaining not only basic geotechnical parameters for the analysis, design and execution of civil projects but also a better description of the material.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2019-10-08
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2020-01-14T19:23:06Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2020-01-14T19:23:06Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv A. J. Aparicio-Ortube, L. Camelo; C. M. Henao-Yepes, et al.,“Propuesta metodológica para la caracterización geotécnica de un suelo tropical derivado de rocas volcánicas”, INGE CUC, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 56-65, 2019. DOI: http://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.15.2.2019.06
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/5813
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dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv 10.17981/ingecuc.15.2.2019.06
dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv 2382-4700
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
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identifier_str_mv A. J. Aparicio-Ortube, L. Camelo; C. M. Henao-Yepes, et al.,“Propuesta metodológica para la caracterización geotécnica de un suelo tropical derivado de rocas volcánicas”, INGE CUC, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 56-65, 2019. DOI: http://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.15.2.2019.06
10.17981/ingecuc.15.2.2019.06
2382-4700
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
0122-6517
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/5813
https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.15.2.2019.06
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
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INGE CUC
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv [1] C. D. Ollier, Weathering. London: Longman, 1984.
[2] D. G. Moye, “Engineering geology for the Snowy Mountain scheme,” J. Inst. Eng. Aust., no. 27, pp. 287–298, Aug. 1955.
[3] B. P. Ruxton and l. Berry, “Weathering of granite and associated erosional features in Hong Kong,” Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 68, no. 10, pp. 1263–1292, Oct. 1957. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1957)68[1263:WOGA AE]2.0.CO;2
[4] A. L. Little, “the engineering classification of residual tropical soils,” presented at the 7th International Conference of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, México D.F., México, 1969, pp. 1–10.
[5] D. U. Deere and F. D. Patton, “Slope stability in residual soils,” presented at the Fourth Pan American Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, New York, NY, USA, 1971, pp. 87–170.
[6] J. S. Nogami and D. F. Villibor, “uma nova classificação de solos para finalidades rodoviárias,” apresentado no Simpósio Brasileiro de Solos Tropicais em Engenharia, Brasil, Set. 21–23, 1981, pp. 30–41.
[7] J. Camapum, “étude du comportament mécanique d’une marne compactée,” Tese de doutorado, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulose, Toulouse, Franca, 1985.
[8] F. A. M. Marinho, “A técnica do papel filtro para a medição da sucção,” apresentado no Anais do encontro de solos não saturados, Porto Alegre, Rs, Brasil, 1995, pp. 112–125.
[9] J. E. Jennings and K. Knight, “A guide to construction on or with materials exhibiting additional settlement due to collapse of grain structure,” presented at the 6th Regional Conference for Africa on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Durban, South Africa, 1975, pp. 99–105.
[10] “SIAC, Sistema de Información Ambiental Colombia,” República de Colombia, Minambiente, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.siac.gov.co/geovisorconsultas
[11] “Geoportal Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi,” IGAC, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://geoportal.igac. gov.co/
[12] Integral S.A, Universidad EAFIT, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Inteinsa S.A & Solingral S.A, “Microzonificación sísmica detallada de los municipios de Barbosa, Girardota, Copacabana, Sabaneta, La Estrella, Caldas y envigado,” Medellín, Colombia: Consorcio Microzonificación, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11762/19862
[13] G. Rodríguez and l. M. Cetina, “Caracterización petrográfica y química de rocas de corteza oceánica del Complejo Quebradagrande y comparación con rocas de la Unidad Diabasas de San José de Urama,” Boletín Geol., vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 15–29, Jul. 2016. https://doi.org/10.18273/ revbol.v38n3-2016001
[14] ASTM: D2216-10, “Standard test methods for laboratory determination of water (moisture) content of soil and rock by mass,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1520/D2216-10
[15] ASTM: D854-14, “standard test methods for specific gravity of soil solids by water pycnometer,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2014. https://doi. org/10.1520/D0854-14
[16] ASTM: D4318-10, “Standard test methods for liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index of soils,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010. https://doi. org/10.1520/D4318-10
[17] ASTM: D6913-17, “Standard test methods for particle-size distribution (gradation) of soils using sieve analaysis,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2017. https:// doi.org/10.1520/D6913_D6913M-17
[18] ASTM: D7928-17, “Standard test method for particlesize distribution (gradation) of fine-grained soils using the sedimentation (hydrometer) analysis,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017. https://doi. org/10.1520/D7928-17
[19] ABNT: NBR13602-96, “Avaliação da dispersibilidade de solos argilosos pelo ensaio sedimentométrico comparativo,” ABNT - Associação Brasileira de normas técnicas, Rio de Janeiro, 1996.
[20] J. S. Nogami and D. F. Villibor, Pavimentação de baixo custo com solos lateríticos. são Paulo, Brasil: vilibor, 1995.
[21] M. Lima, “degradação fisico-química e mineralógica de maciços junto às voçorocas,” Tese Doutorado em Geotecnia, Fac. de Tecnol. Dept. de Eng. Civ. e Amb., Universidade de Brasilia, Brasília, 2003.
[22] ASTM: D3080/D3080M-11, “Standard test method for direct shear test of soils under consolidated drained conditions,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1520/D3080_D3080M-11
[23] ASTM: D5298-16, “Standard test method for measurement of soil potential (suction) using filter paper,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016. https://doi. org/10.1520/D5298-16
[24] ASTM: D2435/D2435M-11, “Standard test methods for one-dimensional consolidation properties of soils using incremental loading,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1520/D2435_ D2435M-11
[25] ASTM: D4647/D4647M-13, “Standard test methods for identification and classification of dispersive clay soils by the pinhole test,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1520/D4647_D4647M-13
[26] E. J. Conrado, J. Camapum de Carvalho, F. Bueno da Fonseca, R. M. Macedo, R. Cabral and M. lima, Processos erosivos no centro-oeste brasileiro, FINATEC. Brasília, 2006.
[27] ASTM: D2487-17, “standard practice for classification of soils for engineering purposes (unified soil Classification System),” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1520/D2487-17
[28] R. d. Holtz, W. d. Kovacs and t. C. sheahan, An introduction to geotechnical engineering. Boston, USA: Pearson Education Inc., 2011.
[29] M. S. Araki, “Aspectos relativos às propriedades dos solos porosos colapsíveis do Distrito Federal,” Dissertação de Mestrado, Dept. de Eng. Civ. e Amb., Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brasíl, 1997.
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spelling Aparicio Ortubé, Alan JaretCamelo Espinosa, Lizeth VivianaHenao Yepes, Carlos MarioFresneda Saldarriaga, César AlejandroCarolina, EileenSierra Hernández, María CamilaVanegas Chaverra, Eduard DaniloValencia González, Yamile2020-01-14T19:23:06Z2020-01-14T19:23:06Z2019-10-08A. J. Aparicio-Ortube, L. Camelo; C. M. Henao-Yepes, et al.,“Propuesta metodológica para la caracterización geotécnica de un suelo tropical derivado de rocas volcánicas”, INGE CUC, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 56-65, 2019. DOI: http://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.15.2.2019.06https://hdl.handle.net/11323/5813https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.15.2.2019.0610.17981/ingecuc.15.2.2019.062382-4700Corporación Universidad de la Costa0122-6517REDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Introduction− Soils found in tropical zones, as they are subject to factors that favour the chemical meteorisation process, tend to have particular geotechnical properties as opposed to those found in temperate zones. Fundamental aspects such as the degree of meteorization and genesis of the material, which tend to influence soil properties, are not taken into account by the methodologies intended to study the characteristics of these soils. Consequently, they are insufficient, requiring complementary procedures for an adequate description of the geotechnical characteristics of the material. Objective− To propose a methodology for the characterization of a tropical soil derived from volcanic rocks. This is an attempt to adequately describe this type of soil and extrapolate it to soils of tropical regions derived from different rocks. For this purpose, a tropical soil located on a slope southwest of the municipality of Caldas in Antioquia (Colombia) was taken as a case study. Methodology− An experimental program was developed to evaluate the physical, chemical, mineralogical and hydro-mechanical properties of the material in the study area. Results− It was found that the relationship between the degree of weathering and the genesis of the material have an influence on the geotechnical properties evaluated. Conclusions− With this methodological proposal it was possible to evaluate important aspects such as the degree of meteorization and genesis of the material, obtaining not only basic geotechnical parameters for the analysis, design and execution of civil projects but also a better description of the material.Introducción− Los suelos que se encuentran en zonas tropicales, al estar sometidos a factores que favorecen el proceso de meteorización química, tienden a presentar propiedades geotécnicas particulares frente a los encontrados en zonas templadas. Aspectos primordiales como el grado de meteorización y génesis del material, que tienden a influenciar las propiedades del suelo, no son tomados en cuenta por las metodologías que pretenden estudiar las características de dichos suelos. En consecuencia, son insuficientes, requiriéndose de procedimientos complementarios para una adecuada descripción de las características geotécnicas del material. Objetivo− Proponer una metodología para la caracterización de un suelo tropical derivado de rocas volcánicas. Esto como un intento para tratar de describir adecuadamente este tipo de suelos y poder extrapolarlo a suelos de regiones tropicales derivados de diferentes rocas. Para tal efecto, se tomó como caso de estudio un suelo tropical situado en un talud al suroccidente del municipio de Caldas en Antioquia (Colombia). Metodología− Se desarrolló un programa experimental para evaluar las propiedades físicas, químicas, mineralógicas e hidro-mecánicas del material de la zona de estudio. Resultados− Se encontró que la relación entre el grado de meteorización y génesis del material tienen una influencia en las propiedades geotécnicas evaluadas. Conclusiones− Con esta propuesta metodológica se pudo evaluar aspectos importantes como el grado de meteorización y génesis del material, llegándose a obtener no sólo parámetros geotécnicos básicos para el análisis, diseño y ejecución de proyectos civiles sino también una mejor descripción del material.Aparicio Ortubé, Alan Jaret-will be generated-orcid-0000-0003-0114-7779-600Camelo Espinosa, Lizeth Viviana-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-4692-5573-600Henao Yepes, Carlos Mario-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-3192-4690-600Londoño Luján, Ana María-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-8677-9750-600Carolina, Eileen-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-2558-3519-600Sierra Hernández, María Camila-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-6908-9213-600Vanegas Chaverra, Eduard Danilo-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-2721-627X-600Valencia González, Yamile-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-5389-2212-60010 páginasapplication/pdfspaCorporación Universidad de la CostaINGE CUC; Vol. 15, Núm. 2 (2019)INGE CUCINGE CUC[1] C. D. Ollier, Weathering. London: Longman, 1984.[2] D. G. Moye, “Engineering geology for the Snowy Mountain scheme,” J. Inst. Eng. Aust., no. 27, pp. 287–298, Aug. 1955.[3] B. P. Ruxton and l. Berry, “Weathering of granite and associated erosional features in Hong Kong,” Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 68, no. 10, pp. 1263–1292, Oct. 1957. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1957)68[1263:WOGA AE]2.0.CO;2[4] A. L. Little, “the engineering classification of residual tropical soils,” presented at the 7th International Conference of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, México D.F., México, 1969, pp. 1–10.[5] D. U. Deere and F. D. Patton, “Slope stability in residual soils,” presented at the Fourth Pan American Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, New York, NY, USA, 1971, pp. 87–170.[6] J. S. Nogami and D. F. Villibor, “uma nova classificação de solos para finalidades rodoviárias,” apresentado no Simpósio Brasileiro de Solos Tropicais em Engenharia, Brasil, Set. 21–23, 1981, pp. 30–41.[7] J. Camapum, “étude du comportament mécanique d’une marne compactée,” Tese de doutorado, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulose, Toulouse, Franca, 1985.[8] F. A. M. Marinho, “A técnica do papel filtro para a medição da sucção,” apresentado no Anais do encontro de solos não saturados, Porto Alegre, Rs, Brasil, 1995, pp. 112–125.[9] J. E. Jennings and K. Knight, “A guide to construction on or with materials exhibiting additional settlement due to collapse of grain structure,” presented at the 6th Regional Conference for Africa on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Durban, South Africa, 1975, pp. 99–105.[10] “SIAC, Sistema de Información Ambiental Colombia,” República de Colombia, Minambiente, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.siac.gov.co/geovisorconsultas[11] “Geoportal Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi,” IGAC, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://geoportal.igac. gov.co/[12] Integral S.A, Universidad EAFIT, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Inteinsa S.A & Solingral S.A, “Microzonificación sísmica detallada de los municipios de Barbosa, Girardota, Copacabana, Sabaneta, La Estrella, Caldas y envigado,” Medellín, Colombia: Consorcio Microzonificación, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11762/19862[13] G. Rodríguez and l. M. Cetina, “Caracterización petrográfica y química de rocas de corteza oceánica del Complejo Quebradagrande y comparación con rocas de la Unidad Diabasas de San José de Urama,” Boletín Geol., vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 15–29, Jul. 2016. https://doi.org/10.18273/ revbol.v38n3-2016001[14] ASTM: D2216-10, “Standard test methods for laboratory determination of water (moisture) content of soil and rock by mass,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1520/D2216-10[15] ASTM: D854-14, “standard test methods for specific gravity of soil solids by water pycnometer,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2014. https://doi. org/10.1520/D0854-14[16] ASTM: D4318-10, “Standard test methods for liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index of soils,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010. https://doi. org/10.1520/D4318-10[17] ASTM: D6913-17, “Standard test methods for particle-size distribution (gradation) of soils using sieve analaysis,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2017. https:// doi.org/10.1520/D6913_D6913M-17[18] ASTM: D7928-17, “Standard test method for particlesize distribution (gradation) of fine-grained soils using the sedimentation (hydrometer) analysis,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017. https://doi. org/10.1520/D7928-17[19] ABNT: NBR13602-96, “Avaliação da dispersibilidade de solos argilosos pelo ensaio sedimentométrico comparativo,” ABNT - Associação Brasileira de normas técnicas, Rio de Janeiro, 1996.[20] J. S. Nogami and D. F. Villibor, Pavimentação de baixo custo com solos lateríticos. são Paulo, Brasil: vilibor, 1995.[21] M. Lima, “degradação fisico-química e mineralógica de maciços junto às voçorocas,” Tese Doutorado em Geotecnia, Fac. de Tecnol. Dept. de Eng. 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Civ. e Amb., Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brasíl, 1997.6556215INGE CUCCC0 1.0 Universalhttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2INGE CUChttps://revistascientificas.cuc.edu.co/ingecuc/article/view/1948Propuesta metodológica para la caracterización geotécnica de un suelo tropical derivado de rocas volcánicasMethodological proposal for the geotechnical characterization of a tropical soil derived from volcanic rocksArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionSuelo tropicalRoca volcánicaCaracterización geotécnicaTropical soilVolcanic rockGeotechnical characterizationPublicationORIGINALPropuesta metodológica para la caracterización geotécnica de un suelo tropical derivado de rocas volcánicas.pdfPropuesta metodológica para la caracterización geotécnica de un suelo tropical derivado de rocas volcánicas.pdfapplication/pdf1052666https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/e2d8193a-dacf-4444-a0de-ed0af263ed70/downloadf060752240d5bc64cec49aefac5d7018MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8701https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/e86ce041-bf20-495f-8311-e80aeb632c89/download42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708cMD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/96dbcb5c-dc44-43b2-8271-48d9377da2d5/download8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD53THUMBNAILPropuesta metodológica para la caracterización geotécnica de un suelo tropical derivado de rocas volcánicas.pdf.jpgPropuesta metodológica para la caracterización geotécnica de un suelo tropical derivado de rocas volcánicas.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg73422https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/93235391-2af4-4399-8315-003c59615f0f/downloadc7dfd9c41ef5a94bdb5386d5364e6a46MD55TEXTPropuesta metodológica para la caracterización geotécnica de un suelo tropical derivado de rocas volcánicas.pdf.txtPropuesta metodológica para la caracterización geotécnica de un suelo tropical derivado de rocas volcánicas.pdf.txttext/plain37924https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/92393027-3c0f-4b4e-bdfd-0c7487ca74dc/download9d06000b6d60454ffb107210bb00b5aaMD5611323/5813oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/58132024-09-17 10:12:57.454http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/CC0 1.0 Universalopen.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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