Coal as an energy source and its impacts on human health

Attempts to secure more energy, food, and infrastructure leave a trail of environmental contamination and human health hazards. Coal is a fossil fuel and nonrenewable energy source that is combusted and used to generate electricity. A coal-fired power plant is a prodigious generator of environmental...

Full description

Autores:
Gasparotto, Juciano
DA BOIT MARTINELLO, KATIA
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2021
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/9440
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9440
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engeos.2020.07.003.
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Coal
Health
Environment
Diseases
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
id RCUC2_ddb0c3fc8bd9bdca05e8062af11e26c5
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/9440
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Coal as an energy source and its impacts on human health
title Coal as an energy source and its impacts on human health
spellingShingle Coal as an energy source and its impacts on human health
Coal
Health
Environment
Diseases
title_short Coal as an energy source and its impacts on human health
title_full Coal as an energy source and its impacts on human health
title_fullStr Coal as an energy source and its impacts on human health
title_full_unstemmed Coal as an energy source and its impacts on human health
title_sort Coal as an energy source and its impacts on human health
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Gasparotto, Juciano
DA BOIT MARTINELLO, KATIA
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Gasparotto, Juciano
DA BOIT MARTINELLO, KATIA
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Coal
Health
Environment
Diseases
topic Coal
Health
Environment
Diseases
description Attempts to secure more energy, food, and infrastructure leave a trail of environmental contamination and human health hazards. Coal is a fossil fuel and nonrenewable energy source that is combusted and used to generate electricity. A coal-fired power plant is a prodigious generator of environmental pollution, releasing large quantities of particles as aerosols in the atmosphere. The inhalation of hazardous substances such as coal micro-particles, nanoparticles, and its by-products constitutes an invisible risk to human health. Although coal is predominantly composed of carbon, there are many other constituents including sulfur, nitrogen, organometallic compounds, and minerals, that contribute to the formation of extremely toxic secondary compounds that come in contact with the atmosphere. The continuous inhalation of these hazardous substances triggers many diseases such respiratory and cardiovascular disease, systemic inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Due to coal heterogeneity, it is extremely complex to establish all the effects of the molecules in the organism. Each cell can undergo different modifications depending on the stressing molecule. On that account, inhaling air contaminated with these particles can be highly dangerous and unpredictable. This review covers the impact of coal inhalation on the lungs, immune system, heart, reproductive system, brain, DNA, and, in general, the human health. For this review, Medline and Scopus databases were accessed, including human epidemiological, review studies, and coal characterization studies over the years. Coal as an energy source must be utilized with appropriate measures of environmental protection and to safeguard human health.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2021
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-08-09T12:27:24Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-08-09T12:27:24Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv Juciano Gasparotto, Kátia Da Boit Martinello, Coal as an energy source and its impacts on human health,Energy Geoscience, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 113-120, ISSN 2666-7592, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engeos.2020.07.003.
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 2666-7592
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9440
dc.identifier.url.spa.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engeos.2020.07.003.
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv 10.1016/j.engeos.2020.07.003.
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Juciano Gasparotto, Kátia Da Boit Martinello, Coal as an energy source and its impacts on human health,Energy Geoscience, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 113-120, ISSN 2666-7592, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engeos.2020.07.003.
2666-7592
10.1016/j.engeos.2020.07.003.
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9440
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engeos.2020.07.003.
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Energy geoscience
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Adam, M., Schikowski, T., Carsin, A.E., Cai, Y., Jacquemin, B., Sanchez, M., Probst-Hensch, N., 2015. Adult lung function and long-term air pollution exposure. ESCAPE: a multicentre cohort study and meta-analysis. Eur. Respir. J. 45 (1), 38e50. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00130014.
Ahamed, S., Kumar Sengupta, M., Mukherjee, A., Amir Hossain, M., Das, B., Nayak, B.,Chakraborti, D., 2006. Arsenic groundwater contamination and its health effects in the state of Uttar Pradesh (UP) in upper and middle Ganga plain, India: a severe danger. Sci. Total Environ. 370 (2e3), 310e322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.06.015.
Alvarez-Pedrerol, M., Rivas, I., Lopez-Vicente, M., Suades-Gonzalez, E., Donaire-Gonzalez, D., Cirach, M., Sunyer, J., 2017. Impact of commuting exposure to traffic-related air pollution on cognitive development in children walking to school. Environ. Pollut. 231 (Pt 1), 837e844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.075.
Anderson, J.O., Thundiyil, J.G., Stolbach, A., 2012. Clearing the air: a review of the effects of particulate matter air pollution on human health. J. Med. Toxicol. 8 (2), 166e175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-011-0203-1.
Aung, N., Sanghvi, M.M., Zemrak, F., Lee, A.M., Cooper, J.A., Paiva, J.M., Petersen, S.E.,2018. Association between ambient air pollution and cardiac morpho-functional phenotypes: insights from the UK biobank population imaging study. Circulation 138 (20), 2175e2186. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034856.
Barth, A., Brucker, N., Moro, A.M., Nascimento, S., Goethel, G., Souto, C., Garcia, S.C.,2017. Association between inflammation processes, DNA damage, and exposure to environmental pollutants. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 24 (1), 353e362.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7772-0.
Bassig, B.A., Dean Hosgood, H., Shu, X.O., Vermeulen, R., Chen, B.E., Katki, H.A.,Lan, Q., 2020. Ischaemic heart disease and stroke mortality by specific coal type among non-smoking women with substantial indoor air pollution exposure in China. Int. J. Epidemiol. 49 (1), 56e68. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz158.
Bilski, J., McLean, K., Soumaila, F., McLean, E., Kraft, C., 2014. Aluminium in coal fly ash (FA), in plants grown on FA, and in the leachates from FA. Res J Chem. Environ. Sci. 2 (4), 22e26.
Bowe, B.X., Yan, Li T., Yan, Y., Xian, H., Al-Aly, Z., 2018. The 2016 Global and national burden of diabetes mellitus attributable to PM 2$5 air pollution. Lancet Plan-etary Health 2 (7), 301e312.
Camiciottoli, G., Bigazzi, F., Magni, C., Bonti, V., Diciotti, S., Bartolucci, M.,Pistolesi, M., 2016. Prevalence of omorbidities according to predominant phenotype and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis. 11, 2229e2236. https://doi.org/10.2147/copd.s111724.
Cao, Y., 2015. Environmental pollution and DNA methylation: carcinogenesis, clin-ical significance, and practical applications. Front. Med. 9 (3), 261e274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-015-0406-y.
Carlsen, E., Giwercman, A., Keiding, N., Skakkebaek, N.E., 1992. Evidence for decreasing quality of semen during past 50 years. BMJ 305 (6854), 609e613. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.305.6854.609.
Carre, J., Gatimel, N., Moreau, J., Parinaud, J., Leandri, R., 2017. Does air pollution play a role in infertility?: a systematic review. Environ. Health 16 (1), 82. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-017-0291-8.
Cohen, A.J., Brauer, M., Burnett, R., Anderson, H.R., Frostad, J., Estep, K.,Forouzanfar, M.H., 2017. Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015. Lancet 389 (10082), 1907e1918. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30505-6.
Cutruneo, C.M.N.L., Oliveira, M.L.S., Ward, C.R., Hower, J.C., de Brum, I.A.S.,Sampaio, C.H., Silva, L.F.O., 2014. A mineralogical and geochemical study of three Brazilian coal cleaningrejects: demonstration of electron beam applica- tions. Int. J. Coal Geol. 130, 33e52.
Dai, S., Ren, D., Chou, C.-L., Finkelman, R.B., Seredin, V.V., Zhou, Y., 2012. Geochemistry of trace elements in Chinese coals: a review of abundances, ge-netic types, impacts on human health, and industrial utilization. Int. J. Coal Geol. 94, 3e21.
Dai, S., Graham, I.,T., Ward, C.R., 2016. A review of anomalous rare earth elements and yttrium in coal. Int. J. Coal Geol. 159, 82e95.
Dai, S., Bechtel, A., Eble, C.F., Flores, R.M., French, D., Graham, I.T., O’Keefe, J.M.K.,2020. Recognition of peat depositional environments in coal: a review. Int. J.Coal Geol. 219.
Dai, S., Hower, J.,C., Finkelman, R.,B., Graham, I.,T., French, D., Ward, C.R., Zhao, L.,2020. Organic associations of non-mineral elements in coal: a review. Int. J. Coal Geol. 218 (1).
Daia, S., Finkelman, R.B., 2018. Coal as a promising source of critical elements: progress and future prospects. Int. J. Coal Geol. 186, 155e164.
Donbak, L., Rencuzogullari, E., Yavuz, A., Topaktas, M.The genotoxic risk of underground coal miners from Turkey (2005) Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 588 (2), pp. 82-87. Cited 55 times. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2005.08.014
Dong, G.-H., Qian, Z., Liu, M.-M., Wang, D., Ren, W.-H., Flick, L.H., Fu, J., (...), Trevathan, E. Ambient air pollution and the prevalence of obesity in chinese children: The seven northeastern cities study (Open Access) (2014) Obesity, 22 (3), pp. 795-800. Cited 36 times. doi: 10.1002/oby.20198
Epstein, T.G., Ryan, P.H., Lemasters, G.K., Bernstein, C.K., Levin, L.S., Bernstein, J.A., Villareal, M.S., (...), Bernstein, D.I.Poor asthma control and exposure to traffic pollutants and obesity in older adults (Open Access) (2012) Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, 108 (6), pp. 423-428.e2. Cited 26 times. http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.reviewers/722283/description#description doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2012.04.009
Erickson, L.D., Gale, S.D., Hedges, D.W., Brown, B.L., Anderson, J.E. Association between exposure to air pollution and total gray matter and total white matter volumes in adults: A cross-sectional study (Open Access) (2020) Brain Sciences, 10 (3), art. no. 164. Cited 12 times. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/3/164/pdf doi: 10.3390/brainsci10030164
Espitia-Pérez, L., da Silva, J., Espitia-Pérez, P., Brango, H., Salcedo-Arteaga, S., Hoyos-Giraldo, L.S., de Souza, C.T., (...), Henriques, J.A.P. Cytogenetic instability in populations with residential proximity to open-pit coal mine in Northern Colombia in relation to PM10 and PM2.5 levels (2018) Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 148, pp. 453-466. Cited 27 times. http://www.elsevier.com/inca/publications/store/6/2/2/8/1/9/index.htt doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.044
Finch, J., Conklin, D.J. Air Pollution-Induced Vascular Dysfunction: Potential Role of Endothelin-1 (ET-1) System (Open Access) (2016) Cardiovascular Toxicology, 16 (3), pp. 260-275. Cited 32 times. http://www.springerlink.com/content/120550/ doi: 10.1007/s12012-015-9334-y
Finkelman, R.B. Trace elements in coal. Environmental and health significance (1999) Biological Trace Element esearch, 67 (3), pp. 197-204. Cited 82 times. http://www.springer.com/humana+press/journal/12011 doi: 10.1007/BF02784420
Finkelman, R.B., Belkin, H.E., Zheng, B.Health impacts of domestic coal use in China (Open Access) (1999) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 96 (7), pp. 3427-3431. Cited 279 times. www.pnas.org doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.7.3427
Finkelman, R.B., Orem, W., Castranova, V., Tatu, C.A., Belkin, H.E., Zheng, B., Lerch, H.E., (...), Bates, A.L. Health impacts of coal and coal use: Possible solutions (2002) International Journal of Coal Geology, 50 (1-4), pp. 425-443. Cited 354 times. doi: 10.1016/S0166-5162(02)00125-8
Flores, R.M. Coal Composition and Reservoir Characterization (2014) , 2014. Cited 14 times.Elsevier Science Coal and Coalbed Gas
Flues, M., Sato, I.M., Scapin, M.A., Cotrim, M.E.B., Camargo, I.M.C. Toxic elements mobility in coal and ashes of Figueira coal power plant, Brazil (Open Access) (2013) Fuel, 103, pp. 430-436. Cited 49 times. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.09.045
Fraze, T., Jiang, H.J., Burgess, J. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US) (2010) . Cited 2 times. Hospital Stays for Patients with Diabetes 2008
Gao, Y., Chan, E.Y.Y., Li, L.P., He, Q.Q., Wong, T.W. Chronic effects of ambient air pollution on lung function among Chinese children (2013) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 98 (2), pp. 128-135. Cited 31 times. http://adc.bmj.com/content/98/2/128.full.pdf+html doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2011-301541
Gauderman, W.J., Urman, R., Avol, E., Berhane, K., McConnell, R., Rappaport, E., Chang, R., (...), Gilliland, F. Association of improved air quality with lung development in children (Open Access) (2015) New England Journal of Medicine, 372 (10), pp. 905-913. Cited 409 times. http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1414123 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1414123
Glencross, D.A., Ho, T.-R., Camiña, N., Hawrylowicz, C.M., Pfeffer, P.E. Air pollution and its effects on the immune system (2020) Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 151, pp. 56-68. Cited 127 times. www.elsevier.com/locate/freeradbiomed doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.179
Gomes, E.C., Florida-James, G. Lung inflammation, oxidative stress and air pollution: Intechopen (2014) . Cited 12 times. https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/33894/InTech-Air_pollution_and_cardiovascular_diseases.pdf
Guxens, M., Garcia-Esteban, R., Giorgis-Allemand, L., Forns, J., Badaloni, C., Ballester, F., Beelen, R., (...), Sunyer, J. Air pollution during pregnancy and childhood cognitive and psychomotor development: Six european birth cohorts (2014) Epidemiology, 25 (5), pp. 636-647. Cited 133 times. http://journals.lww.com/epidem/pages/default.aspx doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000133
Hallak, J., Veras, M.M., Saldiva, P.H.N. How Environmental and Air Pollution Disrupt Spermatogenesis and Male Reproductive Health: A Mechanistic Approach (2018) Bioenvironmental Issues Affecting Men's Reproductive and Sexual Health, pp. 5-32. Cited 5 times. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780128012994 ISBN: 978-012801313-7; 978-012801299-4 doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-801299-4.00001-3
Hatcher, P.G., Clifford, D.J. The organic geochemistry of coal: From plant materials to coal (1997) Organic Geochemistry, 27 (5-6), pp. 251-257. Cited 258 times. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01466380 doi: 10.1016/S0146-6380(97)00051-X
Heal, M.R., Kumar, P., Harrison, R.M. Particles, air quality, policy and health (Open Access) (2012) Chemical Society Reviews, 41 (19), pp. 6606-6630. Cited 489 times. doi: 10.1039/c2cs35076a
Hendryx, M., Zullig, K.J. Higher coronary heart disease and heart attack morbidity in Appalachian coal mining regions (2009) Preventive Medicine, 49 (5), pp. 355-359. Cited 62 times. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.09.011
Hendryx, M., Higginbotham, N., Ewald, B., Connor, L.H. Air Quality in Association With Rural Coal Mining and Combustion in New South Wales Australia (2019) Journal of Rural Health, 35 (4), pp. 518-527. Cited 7 times. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1748-0361 doi: 10.1111/jrh.12348
Hendryx, M., Islam, M.S., Dong, G.-H., Paul, G. Air pollution emissions 2008–2018 from Australian coal mining: Implications for public and occupational health (Open Access) (2020) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (5), art. no. 1570. Cited 19 times.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/5/1570/pdf doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051570
Hendryx, M., Zullig, K.J., Luo, J. Impacts of coal use on health (2019) Annual Review of Public Health, 41, pp. 397-415. Cited 34 times. http://www.annualreviews.org/journal/publhealth doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094104
Hoek, G., Krishnan, R.M., Beelen, R., Peters, A., Ostro, B., Brunekreef, B., Kaufman, J.D. Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio-respiratory mortality: A review (Open Access) (2013) Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source, 12 (1), art. no. 43. Cited 1186 times. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-12-43
Holloway, J.W., Savarimuthu Francis, S., Fong, K.M., Yang, I.A. Genomics and the respiratory effects of air pollution exposure (2012) Respirology, 17 (4), pp. 590-600. Cited 60 times. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2012.02164.x
Hooper, L.G., Kaufman, J.D. Ambient air pollution and clinical implications for susceptible populations (Open Access)(2018) Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 15, pp. S64-S68. Cited 40 times. https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201707-574MG doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201707-574MG
Hower, J.C., Gayer, R.A. Mechanisms of coal metamorphism: Case studies from Paleozoic coalfields (2002) International Journal of Coal Geology, 50 (1-4), pp. 215-245. Cited 92 times. doi: 10.1016/S0166-5162(02)00119-2
Hower, J.C., Rimmer, S.M., Mastalerz, M., Wagner, N.J. Notes on the mechanisms of coal metamorphism in the Pennsylvania Anthracite Fields (2019) International Journal of Coal Geology, 202, pp. 161-170. Cited 24 times. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01665162 doi: 10.1016/j.coal.2018.12.009
Hueter, F.G., Fritzhand, M. Oxidants and Lung Biochemistry: A Brief Review (1971) Archives of Internal Medicine, 128 (1), pp. 48-53. Cited 28 times. doi: 10.1001/archinte.1971.00310190052004
Joo, K.J., Kwon, Y.W., Myung, S.C., Kim, T.H. The effects of smoking and alcohol intake on sperm quality: Light and transmission electron microscopy findings (Open Access) (2012) Journal of International Medical Research, 40 (6), pp. 2327-2335. Cited 31 times. http://www.jimronline.net/content/full/2012/40/6/2096.pdf doi: 10.1177/030006051204000631
Kamath, C. A new approach to detect congestive heart failure using sequential spectrum of electrocardiogram signals (2012) Medical Engineering and Physics, 34 (10), pp. 1503-1509. Cited 15 times. doi: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2012.03.001
Kawasaki, S., Yazawa, S., Ohnishi, A., Ohi, T. Chronic and predominantly sensory polyneuropathy in Toroku Valley where a mining company produced arsenic (2002) Clinical Neurology, 42 (6), pp. 504-511. Cited 14 times. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/clinicalneurol
Kuempel, E.D., Wheeler, M.W., Smith, R.J., Vallyathan, V., Green, F.H.Y. Contributions of dust exposure and cigarette smoking to emphysema severity in coal miners in the United States (2009) American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 180 (3), pp. 257-264. Cited 73 times. http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/cgi/reprint/180/3/257 doi: 10.1164/rccm.200806-840OC
Kurt, O.K., Zhang, J., Pinkerton, K.E. Pulmonary health effects of air pollution (Open Access) (2016) Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 22 (2), pp. 138-143. Cited 203 times. journals.lww.com/co-pulmonarymedicine/pages/default.aspx doi: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000248
Laney, A.S., Weissman, D.N. Respiratory diseases caused by coal mine dust (Open Access) (2014) Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56, pp. S18-S22. Cited 84 times. http://journals.lww.com/joem doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000260
Le Quesne, P.M., McLeod, J.G. Peripheral neuropathy following a single exposure to arsenic. Clinical course in four patients with electrophysiological and histological studies (1977) Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 32 (3), pp. 437-451. Cited 93 times. doi: 10.1016/0022-510X(77)90025-9
Lee, A., Kinney, P., Chillrud, S., Jack, D. A systematic review of innate immunomodulatory effects of household air pollution secondary to the burning of biomass fuels (Open Access) (2015) Annals of Global Health, 81 (3), pp. 368-374. Cited 39 times. https://agh.ubiquitypress.com/ doi: 10.1016/j.aogh.2015.08.006
León-Mejía, G., Espitia-Pérez, L., Hoyos-Giraldo, L.S., Da Silva, J., Hartmann, A., Henriques, J.A.P., Quintana, M. Assessment of DNA damage in coal open-cast mining workers using the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus test and the comet assay (2011) Science of the Total Environment, 409 (4), pp. 686-691. Cited 63 times. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.10.049
León-Mejía, G., Quintana, M., Debastiani, R., Dias, J., Espitia-Pérez, L., Hartmann, A., Henriques, J.A.P., (...), Da Silva, J. Genetic damage in coal miners evaluated by buccal micronucleus cytome assay (2014) Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 107, pp. 133-139. Cited 46 times. http://www.elsevier.com/inca/publications/store/6/2/2/8/1/9/index.htt doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.05.023
Lepeule, J., Bind, M.-A.C., Baccarelli, A.A., Koutrakis, P., Tarantini, L., Litonjua, A., Sparrow, D., (...), Schwartz, J.D. Epigenetic influences on associations between air pollutants and lung function in elderly men: The normative aging study (Open Access) (2014) Environmental Health Perspectives, 122 (6), pp. 566-572. Cited 83 times. http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/122/6/ehp.1206458.pdf doi: 10.1289/ehp.1206458
Limaye, S., Salvi, S. Obesity and asthma: The role of environmental pollutants (2014) Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America, 34 (4), pp. 839-855. Cited 10 times. http://www.elsevier.com/inca/publications/store/6/2/3/3/6/7/index.htt doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2014.07.005
Liu, Y., Goodson, J.M., Zhang, B., Chin, M.T. Air pollution and adverse cardiac remodeling: Clinical effects and basic mechanisms (Open Access) (2015) Frontiers in Physiology, 6 (MAY), art. no. 162. Cited 19 times. http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2015.00162/full doi: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00162
Liu, K., Wang, S., Wu, Q., Wang, L., Ma, Q., Zhang, L., Li, G., (...), Hao, J. A Highly Resolved Mercury Emission Inventory of Chinese Coal-Fired Power Plants (2018) Environmental Science and Technology, 52 (4), pp. 2400-2408. Cited 115 times. http://pubs.acs.org/journal/esthag doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06209
Loof, T.G., Deicke, C., Medina, E. The role of coagulation/fibrinolysis during Streptococcus pyogenes infection (Open Access) (2014) Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 4 (SEP), art. no. 128. Cited 51 times. http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fcimb.2014.00128/full doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00128
Lozano, R., Fullman, N., Abate, D., Abay, S.M., Abbafati, C., Abbasi, N., Abbastabar, H., (...), Murray, C.J.L. Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (Open Access) (2018) The Lancet, 392 (10159), pp. 2091-2138. Cited 227 times. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/the-lancet/ doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32281-5
Lu, K.D., Breysse, P.N., Diette, G.B., Curtin-Brosnan, J., Aloe, C., Williams, D'.L., Peng, R.D., (...), Matsui, E.C. Being overweight increases susceptibility to indoor pollutants among urban children with asthma (Open Access) (2013) Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 131 (4), pp. 1017-1023.e3. Cited 67 times. http://www.elsevier.com/inca/publications/store/6/2/3/3/6/8/index.htt doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.1570
Mahalingaiah, S., Hart, J.E., Laden, F., Farland, L.V., Hewlett, M.M., Chavarro, J., Aschengrau, A., (...), Missmer, S.A. Adult air pollution exposure and risk of infertility in the Nurses' Health Study II (Open Access) (2016) Human eproduction, 31 (3), pp. 638-647. Cited 63 times.http://humrep.oxfordjournals.org/ doi: 10.1093/humrep/dev330
Maher, B.A., Ahmed, I.A.M., Karloukovski, V., MacLaren, D.A., Foulds, P.G., Allsop, D., Mann, D.M.A., (...), Calderon-Garciduenas, L. Magnetite pollution nanoparticles in the human brain (Open Access) (2016) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113 (39), pp. 10797-10801. Cited 549 times. http://www.pnas.org/content/113/39/10797.full.pdf doi: 10.1073/pnas.1605941113
Marino, E., Caruso, M., Campagna, D., Polosa, R. Impact of air quality on lung health: Myth or reality? (Open Access) (2015) Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease, 6 (5), pp. 286-298. Cited 41 times. doi: 10.1177/2040622315587256
Markandya, A., Wilkinson, P. Electricity generation and health (2007) Lancet, 370 (9591), pp. 979-990. Cited 179 times. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/the-lancet/ doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61253-7 View at Publisher
Mehta, A.J., Miedinger, D., Keidel, D., Bettschart, R., Bircher, A., Bridevaux, P.-O., Curjuric, I., (...), Künzli, N. Occupational exposure to dusts, gases, and fumes and incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the swiss cohort study on air pollution and lung and heart diseases in adults (2012) American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 185 (12), pp. 1292-1300. Cited 116 times. http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/content/185/12/1292.full.pdf+html doi: 10.1164/rccm.201110-1917OC
Merklinger-Gruchala, A., Kapiszewska, M. Association between PM10 air pollution and birth weight after full-term pregnancy in Krakow city 1995–2009 – Trimester specificity (Open Access) (2015) Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 22 (2), pp. 265-270. Cited 15 times. http://aaem.pl/fulltxt.php?ICID=1152078 doi: 10.5604/12321966.1152078
Merklinger-Gruchala, A., Jasienska, G., Kapiszewska, M. Effect of air pollution on menstrual cycle length-a prognostic factor of women’s reproductive health (Open Access) (2017) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14 (7), art. no. 816. Cited 27 times. http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/14/7/816/pdf doi: 10.3390/ijerph14070816
Mochizuki, H. Arsenic neurotoxicity in humans (Open Access) (2019) International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20 (14), art. no. 3418. Cited 64 times. https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/14/3418/pdf doi: 10.3390/ijms20143418
Mohanty, B.P., Mahananda, M.R. Reproductive health hazards of coal mine male workers in Lakhanpur open cast mines (2015) Int. J. Biomed. Res., 6 (12).
Mold, M., Linhart, C., Gómez-Ramírez, J., Villegas-Lanau, A., Exley, C. Aluminum and Amyloid-β in Familial Alzheimer's Disease (Open Access) (2020) Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 73 (4), pp. 1627-1635. Cited 30 times. www.iospress.nl/journal/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/ doi: 10.3233/JAD-191140
Mukherjee, A.B., Zevenhoven, R. Mercury in coal ash and its fate in the Indian subcontinent: A synoptic review (2006) Science of the Total Environment, 368 (1), pp. 384-392. Cited 31 times. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.08.022
Mukherjee, S.C., Rahman, M.M., Chowdhury, U.K., Sengupta, M.K., Lodh, D., Chanda, C.R., Saha, K.C., (...), hakraborti, D. Neuropathy in arsenic toxicity from groundwater arsenic contamination in West Bengal, India (2003) Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering, 38 (1), pp. 165-183. Cited 122 times. doi: 10.1081/ESE-120016887
Müller, L., Jaspers, I. Epithelial cells, the "switchboard" of respiratory immune defense responses: Effects of air pollutants (Open Access) (2012) Swiss Medical Weekly, 142 (JULY), art. no. w13653. Cited 22 times. http://www.smw.ch/scripts/stream_pdf.php?doi=smw-2012-13653 doi: 10.4414/smw.2012.13653
Müller, L., Jaspers, I. Epithelial cells, the "switchboard" of respiratory immune defense responses: Effects of air pollutants (Open Access) (2012) Swiss Medical Weekly, 142 (JULY), art. no. w13653. Cited 22 times. http://www.smw.ch/scripts/stream_pdf.php?doi=smw-2012-13653 doi: 10.4414/smw.2012.13653
Mutter et al., 2004 J. Mutter, J. Naumann, C. Sadaghiani, R. Schneider, H. Walach Alzheimer disease: mercury as pathogenetic factor and apolipoprotein E as a moderator Neuroendocrinol. Lett., 25 (5) (2004), pp. 331-339
Nieuwenhuijsen et al., 2014 M.J. Nieuwenhuijsen, X. Basagaña, P. Dadvand, D. Martinez, M. Cirach, R. Beelen, B. Jacquemin Air pollution and human fertility rates Environ. Int., 70 (2014), pp. 9-14, 10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.005
O’Keefe et al., 2013 J.M.K. O’Keefe, A. Bechtel, K. Christanis, S. Dai, W.A. Di Michele, C.F. Eble, J.C. Hower On the fundamental difference between coal rank and coal type Int. J. Coal Geol. (2013), pp. 58-87
Oberschelp et al., 2019 C. Oberschelp, S. Pfister, C.E. Raptis, S. Hellweg Global emission hotspots of coal power generation Nat. Sustain., 2 (2019), pp. 113-121
Okedeyi et al., 2014 O.O. Okedeyi, S. Dube, O.R. Awofolu, M.M. Nindi Assessing the enrichment of heavy metals in surface soil and plant (Digitaria eriantha) around coal-fired power plants in South Africa Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 21 (6) (2014), pp. 4686-4696, 10.1007/s11356-013-2432-0
Oliveira et al., 2012 M.L.S. Oliveira, C.R. Ward, D. French, J.C. Hower, X. Querol, L.F.O. Silva Mineralogy and leaching characteristics of beneficiated coal products from Santa Catarina, Brazil Int. J. Coal Geol., 94 (2012), pp. 314-325, 10.1016/j.coal.2011.10.004
Oliveira et al., 2013 M.L.S. Oliveira, C.R. Ward, C.H. Sampaio, X. Querol, C.M.N.L. Cutruneo, S.R. Taffarel, L.F.O. Silva Partitioning of mineralogical and inorganic geochemical components of coals from Santa Catarina, Brazil, by industrial beneficiation processes Int. J. Coal Geol., 116–117 (2013), pp. 75-92
Oliveira et al., 2014 M.L. Oliveira, F. Marostega, S.R. Taffarel, B.K. Saikia, F.B. Waanders, K. DaBoit, L.F. Silva Nano-mineralogical investigation of coal and fly ashes from coal-based captive power plant (India): an introduction of occupational health hazards Sci. Total Environ., 468–469 (2014), pp. 1128-1137, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.040
Oliveira et al., 2018a M.L. Oliveira, K. Da Boit, I.L. Schneider, E.l.C. Teixeira, T.J. Crissien Borrero, L.F. Silva Study of coal cleaning rejects by FIB and sample preparation for HR-TEM: mineral surface chemistry and nanoparticle-aggregation control for health studies J. Clean. Prod., 188 (2018), pp. 662-669
Oliveira et al., 2018b M.L.S. Oliveira, K. da Boit, F. Pacheco, E.C. Teixeira, I.L. Schneider, T.J. Crissien, L.F.O. Silva Multifaceted processes controlling the distribution of hazardous compounds in the spontaneous combustion of coal and the effect of these compounds on human health Environ. Res., 160 (2018), pp. 562-567, 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.009
Orem and Finkelman, 2003 W.H. Orem, R.B. Finkelman Coal formation and geochemistry Treatise on Geochem., 7 (2003), pp. 191-222
Perret et al., 2017 J.L. Perret, B. Plush, P. Lachapelle, T.S. Hinks, C. Walter, P. Clarke, A. Stewart Coal mine dust lung disease in the modern era Respirology, 22 (4) (2017), pp. 662-670, 10.1111/resp.13034
Pires and Querol, 2004 M. Pires, X. Querol Characterization of candiota (South Brazil) coal and combustion by-product Int. J. Coal Geol., 60 (2004), pp. 57-72
Qian et al., 2016 Q.Z. Qian, X.K. Cao, F.H. Shen, Q. Wang Correlations of smoking with cumulative total dust exposure and cumulative abnormal rate of pulmonary function in coal-mine workers Exp Ther Med, 12 (5) (2016), pp. 2942-2948, 10.3892/etm.2016.3700
Raaschou-Nielsen et al., 2013 O. Raaschou-Nielsen, Z.J. Andersen, R. Beelen, E. Samoli, M. Stafoggia, G. Weinmayr, G. Hoek Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts: prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE) Lancet Oncol., 14 (9) (2013), pp. 813-822, 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70279-1
Rauner et al., 2020 S. Rauner, N. Bauer, A. Dirnaichner, R.V. Dingenen, C. Mutel, G. Luderer Coal-exit health and environmental damage reductions outweigh economic impacts Nat. Clim. Change, 10 (2020), pp. 308-312
Rovira et al., 2019 J. Rovira, M. Schuhmacher, M. Nadal, J.L. Domingo Contamination by coal dust in the neighborhood of the Tarragona Harbor (Catalonia, Spain): a preliminary study Open Atmos. Sci. J., 12 (2019), pp. 14-20, 10.2174/1874282301812010014
Saikia et al., 2017 B.K. Saikia, J. Saikia, S. Rabh, L.F.O. Silva, R. Finkelman Ambient nanoparticles/nanominerals and hazardous elements from coalcombustion activity: implications on energy challenges and healthhazards Geosci. Front., 9 (2017), pp. 863-875
Schins and Borm, 1999 R.P. Schins, P.J. Borm Mechanisms and mediators in coal dust induced toxicity: a review Ann. Occup. Hyg., 43 (1) (1999), pp. 7-33
Schwartz et al., 2018 G.E. Schwartz, J.C. Hower, A.L. Phillips, N. Rivera, A. Vengosh, H. Hsu-Kim Ranking coal ash materials for their potential to leach arsenic and selenium: relative importance of ash chemistry and site biogeochemistry Environ. Eng. Sci., 35 (7) (2018), pp. 728-738, 10.1089/ees.2017.0347
Shahadin et al., 2018 M.S. Shahadin, N.S. Ab Mutalib, M.T. Latif, C.M. Greene, T. Hassan Challenges and future direction of molecular research in air pollution-related lung cancers Lung Canc., 118 (2018), pp. 69-75, 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.01.016
Silva and da Boit, 2011 L.F.O. Silva, K.M. da Boit Nanominerals and nanoparticles in feed coal and bottom ash: implications for human health effects Environ. Monit. Assess., 174 (1–4) (2011), pp. 187-197, 10.1007/s10661-010-1449-9
Silva et al., 2009 L.F.O.M.L. Silva, K.M. da Boit, R.B. Finkelman Characterization of Santa Catarina (Brazil) coal with respect to human health and environmental concerns Environ. Geochem. Health, 31 (4) (2009), pp. 475-485, 10.1007/s10653-008-9200-y
Silva et al., 2010 L.F.O. Silva, C.,R. Ward, J. Hower, M. C Izquierdo, F. Waanders, X. Querol Mineralogy and Leaching Characteristics of Coal Ash from a Major Brazilian Power Plant. Coal Combustion and Gasification Products (2010)
Silva et al., 2011 L.F.O. Silva, M. Wollenschlager, M.L. Oliveira A preliminary study of coal mining drainage and environmental health in the Santa Catarina region, Brazil Environ. Geochem. Health, 33 (1) (2011), pp. 55-65, 10.1007/s10653-010-9322-x
Silva et al., 2020a L.F.O. Silva, T.J. Crissien, I.L. Schneider, É.P. Blanco, C.H. Sampaio Nanometric particles of high economic value in coal fire region: opportunities for social improvement 256 (2020), Article 120480
Silva et al., 2020b L.F.O. Silva, T.J. Crissien, B.F. Tutikian, C.H. Sampaio Rare Earth Elements and Carbon Nanotubes in Coal Mine Around Spontaneous Combustions, vol. 253 (2020), Article 120068
Silva et al., 2020c L.F.O. Silva, D. Pinto, A. Neckel, G.L. Dotto, M.L.S. Oliveira The impact of air pollution on the rate of degradation of the fortress of Florianópolis Island, Brazil Chemosphere, 251 (2020), Article 126838, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126838
Smil, 2016 V. Smil Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives. & BP Statistical Review of World Energy: Praeger (2 edition) (2016)
Suades-González et al., 2015 E. Suades-González, M. Gascon, M. Guxens, J. Sunyer Air pollution and neuropsychological development: a review of the latest evidence Endocrinology, 156 (10) (2015), pp. 3473-3482, 10.1210/en.2015-1403
Taeger et al., 2015 D. Taeger, B. Pesch, B. Kendzia, T. Behrens, K.H. Jöckel, D. Dahmann, T. Brüning Lung cancer among coal miners, ore miners and quarrymen: smoking-adjusted risk estimates from the synergy pooled analysis of case-control studies Scand. J. Work. Environ. Health, 41 (5) (2015), pp. 467-477, 10.5271/sjweh.3513
Tarafdar and Sinha, 2018 A. Tarafdar, A. Sinha Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Pollution Generated from Coal-Fired Thermal Power Plants: Formation Mechanism, Characterization, and Profiling (2018) (Chapter 5): Pollutants from Energy Sources
The Paris Agreement, 2015 The Paris Agreement The Paris agreement https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2016/CN.735.2016-Eng.pdf (2015)
Thompson et al., 1988 C.M. Thompson, W.R. Markesbery, W.D. Ehmann, Y.X. Mao, D.E. Vance Regional brain trace-element studies in Alzheimer’s disease Neurotoxicology, 9 (1) (1988), pp. 1-7
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), 2020 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Electricity power February 2020 https://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/current_month/epm.pdf (2020)
Valderas et al., 2009 J.M. Valderas, B. Starfield, B. Sibbald, C. Salisbury, M. Roland Defining Comorbidity: implications for understanding health and health services Ann. Fam. Med., 7 (4) (2009), pp. 357-363, 10.1370/afm.983
van der Zee et al., 2016 S.C. van der Zee, P.H. Fischer, G. Hoek Air pollution in perspective: health risks of air pollution expressed in equivalent numbers of passively smoked cigarettes Environ. Res., 148 (2016), pp. 475-483, 10.1016/j.envres.2016.04.001
Van Hee et al., 2009 V.C. Van Hee, S.D. Adar, A.A. Szpiro, R.G. Barr, D.A. Bluemke, A.V. Diez Roux, J.D. Kaufman Exposure to traffic and left ventricular mass and function: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 179 (9) (2009), pp. 827-834, 10.1164/rccm.200808-1344OC
Verstraeten et al., 2015 W.W. Verstraeten, J.L. Neu, J.E. Williams, K.W. Bowman, J.R.W. Worden, B.K. Folkert Rapid increases in tropospheric ozone production and export from China Nat. Geosci., 8 (2015), pp. 690-695
Wallin et al., 2019 C. Wallin, M. Friedemann, S.B. Sholts, A. Noormägi, T. Svantesson, J. Jarvet, S.K.T.S. Wärmländer Mercury and Alzheimer’s disease: Hg(II) ions display specific binding to the amyloid-β peptide and hinder its fibrillization Biomolecules, 10 (1) (2019), 10.3390/biom10010044
Walton et al., 2016 R.T. Walton, I.S. Mudway, I. Dundas, N. Marlin, L.C. Koh, L. Aitlhadj, J. Grigg Air pollution, ethnicity and telomere length in east London schoolchildren: an observational study Environ. Int., 96 (2016), pp. 41-47, 10.1016/j.envint.2016.08.021
Wang et al., 2001 J. Wang, S. Obici, K. Morgan, N. Barzilai, Z. Feng, L. Rossetti Overfeeding rapidly induces leptin and insulin resistance Diabetes, 50 (12) (2001), pp. 2786-2791, 10.2337/diabetes.50.12.2786
WHO, 2018 WHO Global Ambient Air Quality Database (Update 2018) WHO (2018)https://www.who.int/airpollution/data/cities/en/
World Energy Council, 2016 World Energy Council World energy resources https://www.worldenergy.org/assets/images/imported/2016/10/World-Energy-Resources-Full-report-2016.10.03.pdf (2016)
Xiao et al., 2013 G. Xiao, Q. Fan, X. Wang, B. Zhou Huntington disease arises from a combinatory toxicity of polyglutamine and copper binding Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 110 (37) (2013), pp. 14995-15000, 10.1073/pnas.1308535110
Yu et al., 2015 X.J. Yu, M.J. Yang, B. Zhou, G.Z. Wang, Y.C. Huang, L.C. Wu, G.B. Zhou Characterization of somatic mutations in air pollution-related lung cancer EBioMedicine, 2 (6) (2015), pp. 583-590, 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.04.003
Yu et al., 2018 K. Yu, G. Qiu, K.H. Chan, K.H. Lam, O.P. Kurmi, D.A. Bennett, T. Wu Association of solid fuel use with risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in rural China J. Am. Med. Assoc., 319 (13) (2018), pp. 1351-1361, 10.1001/jama.2018.2151
Zhang et al., 2018 X. Zhang, J. Kang, H. Chen, M. Yao, J. Wang PM2.5 Meets blood: in vivo damages and immune defense Aerosol Air Qual. Res, 18 (2018), pp. 456-470 V
Zou et al., 2016 C. Zou, Q. Zhao, G. Zhang, B. Xiong Energy revolution: from a fossil energy era to a new energy era Nat. Gas. Ind. B (1) (2016), pp. 1-11
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 120
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 113
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 2
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 2
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 8 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv China
institution Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.source.url.spa.fl_str_mv https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666759220300500?via%3Dihub
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/e8184403-7160-443f-a1d5-1e0c48f88ad2/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/88b02b85-df27-440c-ac69-21d3beaf48d5/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/c019d985-0894-4d73-b704-92164420d807/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/95395862-40ac-483d-9b96-383f37a89913/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 39763ee8cbba56befb50071a9690dda5
e30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9bad
1b8e351554c1cf06a9031642bbec6549
ece6e3c905f061c37d88cbcd5206bfa2
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUC
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repdigital@cuc.edu.co
_version_ 1811760664606146560
spelling Gasparotto, JucianoDA BOIT MARTINELLO, KATIA2022-08-09T12:27:24Z2022-08-09T12:27:24Z2021Juciano Gasparotto, Kátia Da Boit Martinello, Coal as an energy source and its impacts on human health,Energy Geoscience, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 113-120, ISSN 2666-7592, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engeos.2020.07.003.2666-7592https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9440https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engeos.2020.07.003.10.1016/j.engeos.2020.07.003.Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Attempts to secure more energy, food, and infrastructure leave a trail of environmental contamination and human health hazards. Coal is a fossil fuel and nonrenewable energy source that is combusted and used to generate electricity. A coal-fired power plant is a prodigious generator of environmental pollution, releasing large quantities of particles as aerosols in the atmosphere. The inhalation of hazardous substances such as coal micro-particles, nanoparticles, and its by-products constitutes an invisible risk to human health. Although coal is predominantly composed of carbon, there are many other constituents including sulfur, nitrogen, organometallic compounds, and minerals, that contribute to the formation of extremely toxic secondary compounds that come in contact with the atmosphere. The continuous inhalation of these hazardous substances triggers many diseases such respiratory and cardiovascular disease, systemic inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Due to coal heterogeneity, it is extremely complex to establish all the effects of the molecules in the organism. Each cell can undergo different modifications depending on the stressing molecule. On that account, inhaling air contaminated with these particles can be highly dangerous and unpredictable. This review covers the impact of coal inhalation on the lungs, immune system, heart, reproductive system, brain, DNA, and, in general, the human health. For this review, Medline and Scopus databases were accessed, including human epidemiological, review studies, and coal characterization studies over the years. Coal as an energy source must be utilized with appropriate measures of environmental protection and to safeguard human health.8 páginasapplication/pdfengElsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. LtdChinaAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)© 2020 Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Coal as an energy source and its impacts on human healthArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666759220300500?via%3DihubEnergy geoscienceAdam, M., Schikowski, T., Carsin, A.E., Cai, Y., Jacquemin, B., Sanchez, M., Probst-Hensch, N., 2015. Adult lung function and long-term air pollution exposure. ESCAPE: a multicentre cohort study and meta-analysis. Eur. Respir. J. 45 (1), 38e50. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00130014.Ahamed, S., Kumar Sengupta, M., Mukherjee, A., Amir Hossain, M., Das, B., Nayak, B.,Chakraborti, D., 2006. Arsenic groundwater contamination and its health effects in the state of Uttar Pradesh (UP) in upper and middle Ganga plain, India: a severe danger. Sci. Total Environ. 370 (2e3), 310e322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.06.015.Alvarez-Pedrerol, M., Rivas, I., Lopez-Vicente, M., Suades-Gonzalez, E., Donaire-Gonzalez, D., Cirach, M., Sunyer, J., 2017. Impact of commuting exposure to traffic-related air pollution on cognitive development in children walking to school. Environ. Pollut. 231 (Pt 1), 837e844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.075.Anderson, J.O., Thundiyil, J.G., Stolbach, A., 2012. Clearing the air: a review of the effects of particulate matter air pollution on human health. J. Med. Toxicol. 8 (2), 166e175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-011-0203-1.Aung, N., Sanghvi, M.M., Zemrak, F., Lee, A.M., Cooper, J.A., Paiva, J.M., Petersen, S.E.,2018. Association between ambient air pollution and cardiac morpho-functional phenotypes: insights from the UK biobank population imaging study. Circulation 138 (20), 2175e2186. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034856.Barth, A., Brucker, N., Moro, A.M., Nascimento, S., Goethel, G., Souto, C., Garcia, S.C.,2017. Association between inflammation processes, DNA damage, and exposure to environmental pollutants. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 24 (1), 353e362.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7772-0.Bassig, B.A., Dean Hosgood, H., Shu, X.O., Vermeulen, R., Chen, B.E., Katki, H.A.,Lan, Q., 2020. Ischaemic heart disease and stroke mortality by specific coal type among non-smoking women with substantial indoor air pollution exposure in China. Int. J. Epidemiol. 49 (1), 56e68. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz158.Bilski, J., McLean, K., Soumaila, F., McLean, E., Kraft, C., 2014. Aluminium in coal fly ash (FA), in plants grown on FA, and in the leachates from FA. Res J Chem. Environ. Sci. 2 (4), 22e26.Bowe, B.X., Yan, Li T., Yan, Y., Xian, H., Al-Aly, Z., 2018. The 2016 Global and national burden of diabetes mellitus attributable to PM 2$5 air pollution. Lancet Plan-etary Health 2 (7), 301e312.Camiciottoli, G., Bigazzi, F., Magni, C., Bonti, V., Diciotti, S., Bartolucci, M.,Pistolesi, M., 2016. Prevalence of omorbidities according to predominant phenotype and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis. 11, 2229e2236. https://doi.org/10.2147/copd.s111724.Cao, Y., 2015. Environmental pollution and DNA methylation: carcinogenesis, clin-ical significance, and practical applications. Front. Med. 9 (3), 261e274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-015-0406-y.Carlsen, E., Giwercman, A., Keiding, N., Skakkebaek, N.E., 1992. Evidence for decreasing quality of semen during past 50 years. BMJ 305 (6854), 609e613. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.305.6854.609.Carre, J., Gatimel, N., Moreau, J., Parinaud, J., Leandri, R., 2017. Does air pollution play a role in infertility?: a systematic review. Environ. Health 16 (1), 82. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-017-0291-8.Cohen, A.J., Brauer, M., Burnett, R., Anderson, H.R., Frostad, J., Estep, K.,Forouzanfar, M.H., 2017. Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015. Lancet 389 (10082), 1907e1918. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30505-6.Cutruneo, C.M.N.L., Oliveira, M.L.S., Ward, C.R., Hower, J.C., de Brum, I.A.S.,Sampaio, C.H., Silva, L.F.O., 2014. A mineralogical and geochemical study of three Brazilian coal cleaningrejects: demonstration of electron beam applica- tions. Int. J. Coal Geol. 130, 33e52.Dai, S., Ren, D., Chou, C.-L., Finkelman, R.B., Seredin, V.V., Zhou, Y., 2012. Geochemistry of trace elements in Chinese coals: a review of abundances, ge-netic types, impacts on human health, and industrial utilization. Int. J. Coal Geol. 94, 3e21.Dai, S., Graham, I.,T., Ward, C.R., 2016. A review of anomalous rare earth elements and yttrium in coal. Int. J. Coal Geol. 159, 82e95.Dai, S., Bechtel, A., Eble, C.F., Flores, R.M., French, D., Graham, I.T., O’Keefe, J.M.K.,2020. Recognition of peat depositional environments in coal: a review. Int. J.Coal Geol. 219.Dai, S., Hower, J.,C., Finkelman, R.,B., Graham, I.,T., French, D., Ward, C.R., Zhao, L.,2020. Organic associations of non-mineral elements in coal: a review. Int. J. Coal Geol. 218 (1).Daia, S., Finkelman, R.B., 2018. Coal as a promising source of critical elements: progress and future prospects. Int. J. Coal Geol. 186, 155e164.Donbak, L., Rencuzogullari, E., Yavuz, A., Topaktas, M.The genotoxic risk of underground coal miners from Turkey (2005) Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 588 (2), pp. 82-87. Cited 55 times. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2005.08.014Dong, G.-H., Qian, Z., Liu, M.-M., Wang, D., Ren, W.-H., Flick, L.H., Fu, J., (...), Trevathan, E. Ambient air pollution and the prevalence of obesity in chinese children: The seven northeastern cities study (Open Access) (2014) Obesity, 22 (3), pp. 795-800. Cited 36 times. doi: 10.1002/oby.20198Epstein, T.G., Ryan, P.H., Lemasters, G.K., Bernstein, C.K., Levin, L.S., Bernstein, J.A., Villareal, M.S., (...), Bernstein, D.I.Poor asthma control and exposure to traffic pollutants and obesity in older adults (Open Access) (2012) Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, 108 (6), pp. 423-428.e2. Cited 26 times. http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.reviewers/722283/description#description doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2012.04.009Erickson, L.D., Gale, S.D., Hedges, D.W., Brown, B.L., Anderson, J.E. Association between exposure to air pollution and total gray matter and total white matter volumes in adults: A cross-sectional study (Open Access) (2020) Brain Sciences, 10 (3), art. no. 164. Cited 12 times. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/3/164/pdf doi: 10.3390/brainsci10030164Espitia-Pérez, L., da Silva, J., Espitia-Pérez, P., Brango, H., Salcedo-Arteaga, S., Hoyos-Giraldo, L.S., de Souza, C.T., (...), Henriques, J.A.P. Cytogenetic instability in populations with residential proximity to open-pit coal mine in Northern Colombia in relation to PM10 and PM2.5 levels (2018) Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 148, pp. 453-466. Cited 27 times. http://www.elsevier.com/inca/publications/store/6/2/2/8/1/9/index.htt doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.044Finch, J., Conklin, D.J. Air Pollution-Induced Vascular Dysfunction: Potential Role of Endothelin-1 (ET-1) System (Open Access) (2016) Cardiovascular Toxicology, 16 (3), pp. 260-275. Cited 32 times. http://www.springerlink.com/content/120550/ doi: 10.1007/s12012-015-9334-yFinkelman, R.B. Trace elements in coal. Environmental and health significance (1999) Biological Trace Element esearch, 67 (3), pp. 197-204. Cited 82 times. http://www.springer.com/humana+press/journal/12011 doi: 10.1007/BF02784420Finkelman, R.B., Belkin, H.E., Zheng, B.Health impacts of domestic coal use in China (Open Access) (1999) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 96 (7), pp. 3427-3431. Cited 279 times. www.pnas.org doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.7.3427Finkelman, R.B., Orem, W., Castranova, V., Tatu, C.A., Belkin, H.E., Zheng, B., Lerch, H.E., (...), Bates, A.L. Health impacts of coal and coal use: Possible solutions (2002) International Journal of Coal Geology, 50 (1-4), pp. 425-443. Cited 354 times. doi: 10.1016/S0166-5162(02)00125-8Flores, R.M. Coal Composition and Reservoir Characterization (2014) , 2014. Cited 14 times.Elsevier Science Coal and Coalbed GasFlues, M., Sato, I.M., Scapin, M.A., Cotrim, M.E.B., Camargo, I.M.C. Toxic elements mobility in coal and ashes of Figueira coal power plant, Brazil (Open Access) (2013) Fuel, 103, pp. 430-436. Cited 49 times. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.09.045Fraze, T., Jiang, H.J., Burgess, J. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US) (2010) . Cited 2 times. Hospital Stays for Patients with Diabetes 2008Gao, Y., Chan, E.Y.Y., Li, L.P., He, Q.Q., Wong, T.W. Chronic effects of ambient air pollution on lung function among Chinese children (2013) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 98 (2), pp. 128-135. Cited 31 times. http://adc.bmj.com/content/98/2/128.full.pdf+html doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2011-301541Gauderman, W.J., Urman, R., Avol, E., Berhane, K., McConnell, R., Rappaport, E., Chang, R., (...), Gilliland, F. Association of improved air quality with lung development in children (Open Access) (2015) New England Journal of Medicine, 372 (10), pp. 905-913. Cited 409 times. http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1414123 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1414123Glencross, D.A., Ho, T.-R., Camiña, N., Hawrylowicz, C.M., Pfeffer, P.E. Air pollution and its effects on the immune system (2020) Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 151, pp. 56-68. Cited 127 times. www.elsevier.com/locate/freeradbiomed doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.179Gomes, E.C., Florida-James, G. Lung inflammation, oxidative stress and air pollution: Intechopen (2014) . Cited 12 times. https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/33894/InTech-Air_pollution_and_cardiovascular_diseases.pdfGuxens, M., Garcia-Esteban, R., Giorgis-Allemand, L., Forns, J., Badaloni, C., Ballester, F., Beelen, R., (...), Sunyer, J. Air pollution during pregnancy and childhood cognitive and psychomotor development: Six european birth cohorts (2014) Epidemiology, 25 (5), pp. 636-647. Cited 133 times. http://journals.lww.com/epidem/pages/default.aspx doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000133Hallak, J., Veras, M.M., Saldiva, P.H.N. How Environmental and Air Pollution Disrupt Spermatogenesis and Male Reproductive Health: A Mechanistic Approach (2018) Bioenvironmental Issues Affecting Men's Reproductive and Sexual Health, pp. 5-32. Cited 5 times. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780128012994 ISBN: 978-012801313-7; 978-012801299-4 doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-801299-4.00001-3Hatcher, P.G., Clifford, D.J. The organic geochemistry of coal: From plant materials to coal (1997) Organic Geochemistry, 27 (5-6), pp. 251-257. Cited 258 times. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01466380 doi: 10.1016/S0146-6380(97)00051-XHeal, M.R., Kumar, P., Harrison, R.M. Particles, air quality, policy and health (Open Access) (2012) Chemical Society Reviews, 41 (19), pp. 6606-6630. Cited 489 times. doi: 10.1039/c2cs35076aHendryx, M., Zullig, K.J. Higher coronary heart disease and heart attack morbidity in Appalachian coal mining regions (2009) Preventive Medicine, 49 (5), pp. 355-359. Cited 62 times. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.09.011Hendryx, M., Higginbotham, N., Ewald, B., Connor, L.H. Air Quality in Association With Rural Coal Mining and Combustion in New South Wales Australia (2019) Journal of Rural Health, 35 (4), pp. 518-527. Cited 7 times. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1748-0361 doi: 10.1111/jrh.12348Hendryx, M., Islam, M.S., Dong, G.-H., Paul, G. Air pollution emissions 2008–2018 from Australian coal mining: Implications for public and occupational health (Open Access) (2020) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (5), art. no. 1570. Cited 19 times.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/5/1570/pdf doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051570Hendryx, M., Zullig, K.J., Luo, J. Impacts of coal use on health (2019) Annual Review of Public Health, 41, pp. 397-415. Cited 34 times. http://www.annualreviews.org/journal/publhealth doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094104Hoek, G., Krishnan, R.M., Beelen, R., Peters, A., Ostro, B., Brunekreef, B., Kaufman, J.D. Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio-respiratory mortality: A review (Open Access) (2013) Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source, 12 (1), art. no. 43. Cited 1186 times. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-12-43Holloway, J.W., Savarimuthu Francis, S., Fong, K.M., Yang, I.A. Genomics and the respiratory effects of air pollution exposure (2012) Respirology, 17 (4), pp. 590-600. Cited 60 times. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2012.02164.xHooper, L.G., Kaufman, J.D. Ambient air pollution and clinical implications for susceptible populations (Open Access)(2018) Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 15, pp. S64-S68. Cited 40 times. https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201707-574MG doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201707-574MGHower, J.C., Gayer, R.A. Mechanisms of coal metamorphism: Case studies from Paleozoic coalfields (2002) International Journal of Coal Geology, 50 (1-4), pp. 215-245. Cited 92 times. doi: 10.1016/S0166-5162(02)00119-2Hower, J.C., Rimmer, S.M., Mastalerz, M., Wagner, N.J. Notes on the mechanisms of coal metamorphism in the Pennsylvania Anthracite Fields (2019) International Journal of Coal Geology, 202, pp. 161-170. Cited 24 times. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01665162 doi: 10.1016/j.coal.2018.12.009Hueter, F.G., Fritzhand, M. Oxidants and Lung Biochemistry: A Brief Review (1971) Archives of Internal Medicine, 128 (1), pp. 48-53. Cited 28 times. doi: 10.1001/archinte.1971.00310190052004Joo, K.J., Kwon, Y.W., Myung, S.C., Kim, T.H. The effects of smoking and alcohol intake on sperm quality: Light and transmission electron microscopy findings (Open Access) (2012) Journal of International Medical Research, 40 (6), pp. 2327-2335. Cited 31 times. http://www.jimronline.net/content/full/2012/40/6/2096.pdf doi: 10.1177/030006051204000631Kamath, C. A new approach to detect congestive heart failure using sequential spectrum of electrocardiogram signals (2012) Medical Engineering and Physics, 34 (10), pp. 1503-1509. Cited 15 times. doi: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2012.03.001Kawasaki, S., Yazawa, S., Ohnishi, A., Ohi, T. Chronic and predominantly sensory polyneuropathy in Toroku Valley where a mining company produced arsenic (2002) Clinical Neurology, 42 (6), pp. 504-511. Cited 14 times. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/clinicalneurolKuempel, E.D., Wheeler, M.W., Smith, R.J., Vallyathan, V., Green, F.H.Y. Contributions of dust exposure and cigarette smoking to emphysema severity in coal miners in the United States (2009) American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 180 (3), pp. 257-264. Cited 73 times. http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/cgi/reprint/180/3/257 doi: 10.1164/rccm.200806-840OCKurt, O.K., Zhang, J., Pinkerton, K.E. Pulmonary health effects of air pollution (Open Access) (2016) Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 22 (2), pp. 138-143. Cited 203 times. journals.lww.com/co-pulmonarymedicine/pages/default.aspx doi: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000248Laney, A.S., Weissman, D.N. Respiratory diseases caused by coal mine dust (Open Access) (2014) Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56, pp. S18-S22. Cited 84 times. http://journals.lww.com/joem doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000260Le Quesne, P.M., McLeod, J.G. Peripheral neuropathy following a single exposure to arsenic. Clinical course in four patients with electrophysiological and histological studies (1977) Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 32 (3), pp. 437-451. Cited 93 times. doi: 10.1016/0022-510X(77)90025-9Lee, A., Kinney, P., Chillrud, S., Jack, D. A systematic review of innate immunomodulatory effects of household air pollution secondary to the burning of biomass fuels (Open Access) (2015) Annals of Global Health, 81 (3), pp. 368-374. Cited 39 times. https://agh.ubiquitypress.com/ doi: 10.1016/j.aogh.2015.08.006León-Mejía, G., Espitia-Pérez, L., Hoyos-Giraldo, L.S., Da Silva, J., Hartmann, A., Henriques, J.A.P., Quintana, M. Assessment of DNA damage in coal open-cast mining workers using the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus test and the comet assay (2011) Science of the Total Environment, 409 (4), pp. 686-691. Cited 63 times. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.10.049León-Mejía, G., Quintana, M., Debastiani, R., Dias, J., Espitia-Pérez, L., Hartmann, A., Henriques, J.A.P., (...), Da Silva, J. Genetic damage in coal miners evaluated by buccal micronucleus cytome assay (2014) Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 107, pp. 133-139. Cited 46 times. http://www.elsevier.com/inca/publications/store/6/2/2/8/1/9/index.htt doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.05.023Lepeule, J., Bind, M.-A.C., Baccarelli, A.A., Koutrakis, P., Tarantini, L., Litonjua, A., Sparrow, D., (...), Schwartz, J.D. Epigenetic influences on associations between air pollutants and lung function in elderly men: The normative aging study (Open Access) (2014) Environmental Health Perspectives, 122 (6), pp. 566-572. Cited 83 times. http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/122/6/ehp.1206458.pdf doi: 10.1289/ehp.1206458Limaye, S., Salvi, S. Obesity and asthma: The role of environmental pollutants (2014) Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America, 34 (4), pp. 839-855. Cited 10 times. http://www.elsevier.com/inca/publications/store/6/2/3/3/6/7/index.htt doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2014.07.005Liu, Y., Goodson, J.M., Zhang, B., Chin, M.T. Air pollution and adverse cardiac remodeling: Clinical effects and basic mechanisms (Open Access) (2015) Frontiers in Physiology, 6 (MAY), art. no. 162. Cited 19 times. http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2015.00162/full doi: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00162Liu, K., Wang, S., Wu, Q., Wang, L., Ma, Q., Zhang, L., Li, G., (...), Hao, J. A Highly Resolved Mercury Emission Inventory of Chinese Coal-Fired Power Plants (2018) Environmental Science and Technology, 52 (4), pp. 2400-2408. Cited 115 times. http://pubs.acs.org/journal/esthag doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06209Loof, T.G., Deicke, C., Medina, E. The role of coagulation/fibrinolysis during Streptococcus pyogenes infection (Open Access) (2014) Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 4 (SEP), art. no. 128. Cited 51 times. http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fcimb.2014.00128/full doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00128Lozano, R., Fullman, N., Abate, D., Abay, S.M., Abbafati, C., Abbasi, N., Abbastabar, H., (...), Murray, C.J.L. Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (Open Access) (2018) The Lancet, 392 (10159), pp. 2091-2138. Cited 227 times. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/the-lancet/ doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32281-5Lu, K.D., Breysse, P.N., Diette, G.B., Curtin-Brosnan, J., Aloe, C., Williams, D'.L., Peng, R.D., (...), Matsui, E.C. Being overweight increases susceptibility to indoor pollutants among urban children with asthma (Open Access) (2013) Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 131 (4), pp. 1017-1023.e3. Cited 67 times. http://www.elsevier.com/inca/publications/store/6/2/3/3/6/8/index.htt doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.1570Mahalingaiah, S., Hart, J.E., Laden, F., Farland, L.V., Hewlett, M.M., Chavarro, J., Aschengrau, A., (...), Missmer, S.A. Adult air pollution exposure and risk of infertility in the Nurses' Health Study II (Open Access) (2016) Human eproduction, 31 (3), pp. 638-647. Cited 63 times.http://humrep.oxfordjournals.org/ doi: 10.1093/humrep/dev330Maher, B.A., Ahmed, I.A.M., Karloukovski, V., MacLaren, D.A., Foulds, P.G., Allsop, D., Mann, D.M.A., (...), Calderon-Garciduenas, L. Magnetite pollution nanoparticles in the human brain (Open Access) (2016) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113 (39), pp. 10797-10801. Cited 549 times. http://www.pnas.org/content/113/39/10797.full.pdf doi: 10.1073/pnas.1605941113Marino, E., Caruso, M., Campagna, D., Polosa, R. Impact of air quality on lung health: Myth or reality? (Open Access) (2015) Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease, 6 (5), pp. 286-298. Cited 41 times. doi: 10.1177/2040622315587256Markandya, A., Wilkinson, P. Electricity generation and health (2007) Lancet, 370 (9591), pp. 979-990. Cited 179 times. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/the-lancet/ doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61253-7 View at PublisherMehta, A.J., Miedinger, D., Keidel, D., Bettschart, R., Bircher, A., Bridevaux, P.-O., Curjuric, I., (...), Künzli, N. Occupational exposure to dusts, gases, and fumes and incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the swiss cohort study on air pollution and lung and heart diseases in adults (2012) American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 185 (12), pp. 1292-1300. Cited 116 times. http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/content/185/12/1292.full.pdf+html doi: 10.1164/rccm.201110-1917OCMerklinger-Gruchala, A., Kapiszewska, M. Association between PM10 air pollution and birth weight after full-term pregnancy in Krakow city 1995–2009 – Trimester specificity (Open Access) (2015) Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 22 (2), pp. 265-270. Cited 15 times. http://aaem.pl/fulltxt.php?ICID=1152078 doi: 10.5604/12321966.1152078Merklinger-Gruchala, A., Jasienska, G., Kapiszewska, M. Effect of air pollution on menstrual cycle length-a prognostic factor of women’s reproductive health (Open Access) (2017) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14 (7), art. no. 816. Cited 27 times. http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/14/7/816/pdf doi: 10.3390/ijerph14070816Mochizuki, H. Arsenic neurotoxicity in humans (Open Access) (2019) International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20 (14), art. no. 3418. Cited 64 times. https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/14/3418/pdf doi: 10.3390/ijms20143418Mohanty, B.P., Mahananda, M.R. Reproductive health hazards of coal mine male workers in Lakhanpur open cast mines (2015) Int. J. Biomed. Res., 6 (12).Mold, M., Linhart, C., Gómez-Ramírez, J., Villegas-Lanau, A., Exley, C. Aluminum and Amyloid-β in Familial Alzheimer's Disease (Open Access) (2020) Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 73 (4), pp. 1627-1635. Cited 30 times. www.iospress.nl/journal/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/ doi: 10.3233/JAD-191140Mukherjee, A.B., Zevenhoven, R. Mercury in coal ash and its fate in the Indian subcontinent: A synoptic review (2006) Science of the Total Environment, 368 (1), pp. 384-392. Cited 31 times. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.08.022Mukherjee, S.C., Rahman, M.M., Chowdhury, U.K., Sengupta, M.K., Lodh, D., Chanda, C.R., Saha, K.C., (...), hakraborti, D. Neuropathy in arsenic toxicity from groundwater arsenic contamination in West Bengal, India (2003) Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering, 38 (1), pp. 165-183. Cited 122 times. doi: 10.1081/ESE-120016887Müller, L., Jaspers, I. Epithelial cells, the "switchboard" of respiratory immune defense responses: Effects of air pollutants (Open Access) (2012) Swiss Medical Weekly, 142 (JULY), art. no. w13653. Cited 22 times. http://www.smw.ch/scripts/stream_pdf.php?doi=smw-2012-13653 doi: 10.4414/smw.2012.13653Müller, L., Jaspers, I. Epithelial cells, the "switchboard" of respiratory immune defense responses: Effects of air pollutants (Open Access) (2012) Swiss Medical Weekly, 142 (JULY), art. no. w13653. Cited 22 times. http://www.smw.ch/scripts/stream_pdf.php?doi=smw-2012-13653 doi: 10.4414/smw.2012.13653Mutter et al., 2004 J. Mutter, J. Naumann, C. Sadaghiani, R. Schneider, H. Walach Alzheimer disease: mercury as pathogenetic factor and apolipoprotein E as a moderator Neuroendocrinol. Lett., 25 (5) (2004), pp. 331-339Nieuwenhuijsen et al., 2014 M.J. Nieuwenhuijsen, X. Basagaña, P. Dadvand, D. Martinez, M. Cirach, R. Beelen, B. Jacquemin Air pollution and human fertility rates Environ. Int., 70 (2014), pp. 9-14, 10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.005O’Keefe et al., 2013 J.M.K. O’Keefe, A. Bechtel, K. Christanis, S. Dai, W.A. Di Michele, C.F. Eble, J.C. Hower On the fundamental difference between coal rank and coal type Int. J. Coal Geol. (2013), pp. 58-87Oberschelp et al., 2019 C. Oberschelp, S. Pfister, C.E. Raptis, S. Hellweg Global emission hotspots of coal power generation Nat. Sustain., 2 (2019), pp. 113-121Okedeyi et al., 2014 O.O. Okedeyi, S. Dube, O.R. Awofolu, M.M. Nindi Assessing the enrichment of heavy metals in surface soil and plant (Digitaria eriantha) around coal-fired power plants in South Africa Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 21 (6) (2014), pp. 4686-4696, 10.1007/s11356-013-2432-0Oliveira et al., 2012 M.L.S. Oliveira, C.R. Ward, D. French, J.C. Hower, X. Querol, L.F.O. Silva Mineralogy and leaching characteristics of beneficiated coal products from Santa Catarina, Brazil Int. J. Coal Geol., 94 (2012), pp. 314-325, 10.1016/j.coal.2011.10.004Oliveira et al., 2013 M.L.S. Oliveira, C.R. Ward, C.H. Sampaio, X. Querol, C.M.N.L. Cutruneo, S.R. Taffarel, L.F.O. Silva Partitioning of mineralogical and inorganic geochemical components of coals from Santa Catarina, Brazil, by industrial beneficiation processes Int. J. Coal Geol., 116–117 (2013), pp. 75-92Oliveira et al., 2014 M.L. Oliveira, F. Marostega, S.R. Taffarel, B.K. Saikia, F.B. Waanders, K. DaBoit, L.F. Silva Nano-mineralogical investigation of coal and fly ashes from coal-based captive power plant (India): an introduction of occupational health hazards Sci. Total Environ., 468–469 (2014), pp. 1128-1137, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.040Oliveira et al., 2018a M.L. Oliveira, K. Da Boit, I.L. Schneider, E.l.C. Teixeira, T.J. Crissien Borrero, L.F. Silva Study of coal cleaning rejects by FIB and sample preparation for HR-TEM: mineral surface chemistry and nanoparticle-aggregation control for health studies J. Clean. Prod., 188 (2018), pp. 662-669Oliveira et al., 2018b M.L.S. Oliveira, K. da Boit, F. Pacheco, E.C. Teixeira, I.L. Schneider, T.J. Crissien, L.F.O. Silva Multifaceted processes controlling the distribution of hazardous compounds in the spontaneous combustion of coal and the effect of these compounds on human health Environ. Res., 160 (2018), pp. 562-567, 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.009Orem and Finkelman, 2003 W.H. Orem, R.B. Finkelman Coal formation and geochemistry Treatise on Geochem., 7 (2003), pp. 191-222Perret et al., 2017 J.L. Perret, B. Plush, P. Lachapelle, T.S. Hinks, C. Walter, P. Clarke, A. Stewart Coal mine dust lung disease in the modern era Respirology, 22 (4) (2017), pp. 662-670, 10.1111/resp.13034Pires and Querol, 2004 M. Pires, X. Querol Characterization of candiota (South Brazil) coal and combustion by-product Int. J. Coal Geol., 60 (2004), pp. 57-72Qian et al., 2016 Q.Z. Qian, X.K. Cao, F.H. Shen, Q. Wang Correlations of smoking with cumulative total dust exposure and cumulative abnormal rate of pulmonary function in coal-mine workers Exp Ther Med, 12 (5) (2016), pp. 2942-2948, 10.3892/etm.2016.3700Raaschou-Nielsen et al., 2013 O. Raaschou-Nielsen, Z.J. Andersen, R. Beelen, E. Samoli, M. Stafoggia, G. Weinmayr, G. Hoek Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts: prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE) Lancet Oncol., 14 (9) (2013), pp. 813-822, 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70279-1Rauner et al., 2020 S. Rauner, N. Bauer, A. Dirnaichner, R.V. Dingenen, C. Mutel, G. Luderer Coal-exit health and environmental damage reductions outweigh economic impacts Nat. Clim. Change, 10 (2020), pp. 308-312Rovira et al., 2019 J. Rovira, M. Schuhmacher, M. Nadal, J.L. Domingo Contamination by coal dust in the neighborhood of the Tarragona Harbor (Catalonia, Spain): a preliminary study Open Atmos. Sci. J., 12 (2019), pp. 14-20, 10.2174/1874282301812010014Saikia et al., 2017 B.K. Saikia, J. Saikia, S. Rabh, L.F.O. Silva, R. Finkelman Ambient nanoparticles/nanominerals and hazardous elements from coalcombustion activity: implications on energy challenges and healthhazards Geosci. Front., 9 (2017), pp. 863-875Schins and Borm, 1999 R.P. Schins, P.J. Borm Mechanisms and mediators in coal dust induced toxicity: a review Ann. Occup. Hyg., 43 (1) (1999), pp. 7-33Schwartz et al., 2018 G.E. Schwartz, J.C. Hower, A.L. Phillips, N. Rivera, A. Vengosh, H. Hsu-Kim Ranking coal ash materials for their potential to leach arsenic and selenium: relative importance of ash chemistry and site biogeochemistry Environ. Eng. Sci., 35 (7) (2018), pp. 728-738, 10.1089/ees.2017.0347Shahadin et al., 2018 M.S. Shahadin, N.S. Ab Mutalib, M.T. Latif, C.M. Greene, T. Hassan Challenges and future direction of molecular research in air pollution-related lung cancers Lung Canc., 118 (2018), pp. 69-75, 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.01.016Silva and da Boit, 2011 L.F.O. Silva, K.M. da Boit Nanominerals and nanoparticles in feed coal and bottom ash: implications for human health effects Environ. Monit. Assess., 174 (1–4) (2011), pp. 187-197, 10.1007/s10661-010-1449-9Silva et al., 2009 L.F.O.M.L. Silva, K.M. da Boit, R.B. Finkelman Characterization of Santa Catarina (Brazil) coal with respect to human health and environmental concerns Environ. Geochem. Health, 31 (4) (2009), pp. 475-485, 10.1007/s10653-008-9200-ySilva et al., 2010 L.F.O. Silva, C.,R. Ward, J. Hower, M. C Izquierdo, F. Waanders, X. Querol Mineralogy and Leaching Characteristics of Coal Ash from a Major Brazilian Power Plant. Coal Combustion and Gasification Products (2010)Silva et al., 2011 L.F.O. Silva, M. Wollenschlager, M.L. Oliveira A preliminary study of coal mining drainage and environmental health in the Santa Catarina region, Brazil Environ. Geochem. Health, 33 (1) (2011), pp. 55-65, 10.1007/s10653-010-9322-xSilva et al., 2020a L.F.O. Silva, T.J. Crissien, I.L. Schneider, É.P. Blanco, C.H. Sampaio Nanometric particles of high economic value in coal fire region: opportunities for social improvement 256 (2020), Article 120480Silva et al., 2020b L.F.O. Silva, T.J. Crissien, B.F. Tutikian, C.H. Sampaio Rare Earth Elements and Carbon Nanotubes in Coal Mine Around Spontaneous Combustions, vol. 253 (2020), Article 120068Silva et al., 2020c L.F.O. Silva, D. Pinto, A. Neckel, G.L. Dotto, M.L.S. Oliveira The impact of air pollution on the rate of degradation of the fortress of Florianópolis Island, Brazil Chemosphere, 251 (2020), Article 126838, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126838Smil, 2016 V. Smil Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives. & BP Statistical Review of World Energy: Praeger (2 edition) (2016)Suades-González et al., 2015 E. Suades-González, M. Gascon, M. Guxens, J. Sunyer Air pollution and neuropsychological development: a review of the latest evidence Endocrinology, 156 (10) (2015), pp. 3473-3482, 10.1210/en.2015-1403Taeger et al., 2015 D. Taeger, B. Pesch, B. Kendzia, T. Behrens, K.H. Jöckel, D. Dahmann, T. Brüning Lung cancer among coal miners, ore miners and quarrymen: smoking-adjusted risk estimates from the synergy pooled analysis of case-control studies Scand. J. Work. Environ. Health, 41 (5) (2015), pp. 467-477, 10.5271/sjweh.3513Tarafdar and Sinha, 2018 A. Tarafdar, A. Sinha Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Pollution Generated from Coal-Fired Thermal Power Plants: Formation Mechanism, Characterization, and Profiling (2018) (Chapter 5): Pollutants from Energy SourcesThe Paris Agreement, 2015 The Paris Agreement The Paris agreement https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2016/CN.735.2016-Eng.pdf (2015)Thompson et al., 1988 C.M. Thompson, W.R. Markesbery, W.D. Ehmann, Y.X. Mao, D.E. Vance Regional brain trace-element studies in Alzheimer’s disease Neurotoxicology, 9 (1) (1988), pp. 1-7U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), 2020 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Electricity power February 2020 https://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/current_month/epm.pdf (2020)Valderas et al., 2009 J.M. Valderas, B. Starfield, B. Sibbald, C. Salisbury, M. Roland Defining Comorbidity: implications for understanding health and health services Ann. Fam. Med., 7 (4) (2009), pp. 357-363, 10.1370/afm.983van der Zee et al., 2016 S.C. van der Zee, P.H. Fischer, G. Hoek Air pollution in perspective: health risks of air pollution expressed in equivalent numbers of passively smoked cigarettes Environ. Res., 148 (2016), pp. 475-483, 10.1016/j.envres.2016.04.001Van Hee et al., 2009 V.C. Van Hee, S.D. Adar, A.A. Szpiro, R.G. Barr, D.A. Bluemke, A.V. Diez Roux, J.D. Kaufman Exposure to traffic and left ventricular mass and function: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 179 (9) (2009), pp. 827-834, 10.1164/rccm.200808-1344OCVerstraeten et al., 2015 W.W. Verstraeten, J.L. Neu, J.E. Williams, K.W. Bowman, J.R.W. Worden, B.K. Folkert Rapid increases in tropospheric ozone production and export from China Nat. Geosci., 8 (2015), pp. 690-695Wallin et al., 2019 C. Wallin, M. Friedemann, S.B. Sholts, A. Noormägi, T. Svantesson, J. Jarvet, S.K.T.S. Wärmländer Mercury and Alzheimer’s disease: Hg(II) ions display specific binding to the amyloid-β peptide and hinder its fibrillization Biomolecules, 10 (1) (2019), 10.3390/biom10010044Walton et al., 2016 R.T. Walton, I.S. Mudway, I. Dundas, N. Marlin, L.C. Koh, L. Aitlhadj, J. Grigg Air pollution, ethnicity and telomere length in east London schoolchildren: an observational study Environ. Int., 96 (2016), pp. 41-47, 10.1016/j.envint.2016.08.021Wang et al., 2001 J. Wang, S. Obici, K. Morgan, N. Barzilai, Z. Feng, L. Rossetti Overfeeding rapidly induces leptin and insulin resistance Diabetes, 50 (12) (2001), pp. 2786-2791, 10.2337/diabetes.50.12.2786WHO, 2018 WHO Global Ambient Air Quality Database (Update 2018) WHO (2018)https://www.who.int/airpollution/data/cities/en/World Energy Council, 2016 World Energy Council World energy resources https://www.worldenergy.org/assets/images/imported/2016/10/World-Energy-Resources-Full-report-2016.10.03.pdf (2016)Xiao et al., 2013 G. Xiao, Q. Fan, X. Wang, B. Zhou Huntington disease arises from a combinatory toxicity of polyglutamine and copper binding Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 110 (37) (2013), pp. 14995-15000, 10.1073/pnas.1308535110Yu et al., 2015 X.J. Yu, M.J. Yang, B. Zhou, G.Z. Wang, Y.C. Huang, L.C. Wu, G.B. Zhou Characterization of somatic mutations in air pollution-related lung cancer EBioMedicine, 2 (6) (2015), pp. 583-590, 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.04.003Yu et al., 2018 K. Yu, G. Qiu, K.H. Chan, K.H. Lam, O.P. Kurmi, D.A. Bennett, T. Wu Association of solid fuel use with risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in rural China J. Am. Med. Assoc., 319 (13) (2018), pp. 1351-1361, 10.1001/jama.2018.2151Zhang et al., 2018 X. Zhang, J. Kang, H. Chen, M. Yao, J. Wang PM2.5 Meets blood: in vivo damages and immune defense Aerosol Air Qual. Res, 18 (2018), pp. 456-470 VZou et al., 2016 C. Zou, Q. Zhao, G. Zhang, B. Xiong Energy revolution: from a fossil energy era to a new energy era Nat. Gas. Ind. B (1) (2016), pp. 1-1112011322CoalHealthEnvironmentDiseasesPublicationORIGINALCoal as an energy source and its impacts on human health.pdfCoal as an energy source and its impacts on human health.pdfapplication/pdf511682https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/e8184403-7160-443f-a1d5-1e0c48f88ad2/download39763ee8cbba56befb50071a9690dda5MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83196https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/88b02b85-df27-440c-ac69-21d3beaf48d5/downloade30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9badMD52TEXTCoal as an energy source and its impacts on human health.pdf.txtCoal as an energy source and its impacts on human health.pdf.txttext/plain60923https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/c019d985-0894-4d73-b704-92164420d807/download1b8e351554c1cf06a9031642bbec6549MD53THUMBNAILCoal as an energy source and its impacts on human health.pdf.jpgCoal as an energy source and its impacts on human health.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg15955https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/95395862-40ac-483d-9b96-383f37a89913/downloadece6e3c905f061c37d88cbcd5206bfa2MD5411323/9440oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/94402024-09-16 16:37:27.658https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.coQXV0b3Jpem8gKGF1dG9yaXphbW9zKSBhIGxhIEJpYmxpb3RlY2EgZGUgbGEgSW5zdGl0dWNpw7NuIHBhcmEgcXVlIGluY2x1eWEgdW5hIGNvcGlhLCBpbmRleGUgeSBkaXZ1bGd1ZSBlbiBlbCBSZXBvc2l0b3JpbyBJbnN0aXR1Y2lvbmFsLCBsYSBvYnJhIG1lbmNpb25hZGEgY29uIGVsIGZpbiBkZSBmYWNpbGl0YXIgbG9zIHByb2Nlc29zIGRlIHZpc2liaWxpZGFkIGUgaW1wYWN0byBkZSBsYSBtaXNtYSwgY29uZm9ybWUgYSBsb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgcGF0cmltb25pYWxlcyBxdWUgbWUobm9zKSBjb3JyZXNwb25kZShuKSB5IHF1ZSBpbmNsdXllbjogbGEgcmVwcm9kdWNjacOzbiwgY29tdW5pY2FjacOzbiBww7pibGljYSwgZGlzdHJpYnVjacOzbiBhbCBww7pibGljbywgdHJhbnNmb3JtYWNpw7NuLCBkZSBjb25mb3JtaWRhZCBjb24gbGEgbm9ybWF0aXZpZGFkIHZpZ2VudGUgc29icmUgZGVyZWNob3MgZGUgYXV0b3IgeSBkZXJlY2hvcyBjb25leG9zIHJlZmVyaWRvcyBlbiBhcnQuIDIsIDEyLCAzMCAobW9kaWZpY2FkbyBwb3IgZWwgYXJ0IDUgZGUgbGEgbGV5IDE1MjAvMjAxMiksIHkgNzIgZGUgbGEgbGV5IDIzIGRlIGRlIDE5ODIsIExleSA0NCBkZSAxOTkzLCBhcnQuIDQgeSAxMSBEZWNpc2nDs24gQW5kaW5hIDM1MSBkZSAxOTkzIGFydC4gMTEsIERlY3JldG8gNDYwIGRlIDE5OTUsIENpcmN1bGFyIE5vIDA2LzIwMDIgZGUgbGEgRGlyZWNjacOzbiBOYWNpb25hbCBkZSBEZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciwgYXJ0LiAxNSBMZXkgMTUyMCBkZSAyMDEyLCBsYSBMZXkgMTkxNSBkZSAyMDE4IHkgZGVtw6FzIG5vcm1hcyBzb2JyZSBsYSBtYXRlcmlhLg0KDQpBbCByZXNwZWN0byBjb21vIEF1dG9yKGVzKSBtYW5pZmVzdGFtb3MgY29ub2NlciBxdWU6DQoNCi0gTGEgYXV0b3JpemFjacOzbiBlcyBkZSBjYXLDoWN0ZXIgbm8gZXhjbHVzaXZhIHkgbGltaXRhZGEsIGVzdG8gaW1wbGljYSBxdWUgbGEgbGljZW5jaWEgdGllbmUgdW5hIHZpZ2VuY2lhLCBxdWUgbm8gZXMgcGVycGV0dWEgeSBxdWUgZWwgYXV0b3IgcHVlZGUgcHVibGljYXIgbyBkaWZ1bmRpciBzdSBvYnJhIGVuIGN1YWxxdWllciBvdHJvIG1lZGlvLCBhc8OtIGNvbW8gbGxldmFyIGEgY2FibyBjdWFscXVpZXIgdGlwbyBkZSBhY2Npw7NuIHNvYnJlIGVsIGRvY3VtZW50by4NCg0KLSBMYSBhdXRvcml6YWNpw7NuIHRlbmRyw6EgdW5hIHZpZ2VuY2lhIGRlIGNpbmNvIGHDsW9zIGEgcGFydGlyIGRlbCBtb21lbnRvIGRlIGxhIGluY2x1c2nDs24gZGUgbGEgb2JyYSBlbiBlbCByZXBvc2l0b3JpbywgcHJvcnJvZ2FibGUgaW5kZWZpbmlkYW1lbnRlIHBvciBlbCB0aWVtcG8gZGUgZHVyYWNpw7NuIGRlIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBwYXRyaW1vbmlhbGVzIGRlbCBhdXRvciB5IHBvZHLDoSBkYXJzZSBwb3IgdGVybWluYWRhIHVuYSB2ZXogZWwgYXV0b3IgbG8gbWFuaWZpZXN0ZSBwb3IgZXNjcml0byBhIGxhIGluc3RpdHVjacOzbiwgY29uIGxhIHNhbHZlZGFkIGRlIHF1ZSBsYSBvYnJhIGVzIGRpZnVuZGlkYSBnbG9iYWxtZW50ZSB5IGNvc2VjaGFkYSBwb3IgZGlmZXJlbnRlcyBidXNjYWRvcmVzIHkvbyByZXBvc2l0b3Jpb3MgZW4gSW50ZXJuZXQgbG8gcXVlIG5vIGdhcmFudGl6YSBxdWUgbGEgb2JyYSBwdWVkYSBzZXIgcmV0aXJhZGEgZGUgbWFuZXJhIGlubWVkaWF0YSBkZSBvdHJvcyBzaXN0ZW1hcyBkZSBpbmZvcm1hY2nDs24gZW4gbG9zIHF1ZSBzZSBoYXlhIGluZGV4YWRvLCBkaWZlcmVudGVzIGFsIHJlcG9zaXRvcmlvIGluc3RpdHVjaW9uYWwgZGUgbGEgSW5zdGl0dWNpw7NuLCBkZSBtYW5lcmEgcXVlIGVsIGF1dG9yKHJlcykgdGVuZHLDoW4gcXVlIHNvbGljaXRhciBsYSByZXRpcmFkYSBkZSBzdSBvYnJhIGRpcmVjdGFtZW50ZSBhIG90cm9zIHNpc3RlbWFzIGRlIGluZm9ybWFjacOzbiBkaXN0aW50b3MgYWwgZGUgbGEgSW5zdGl0dWNpw7NuIHNpIGRlc2VhIHF1ZSBzdSBvYnJhIHNlYSByZXRpcmFkYSBkZSBpbm1lZGlhdG8uDQoNCi0gTGEgYXV0b3JpemFjacOzbiBkZSBwdWJsaWNhY2nDs24gY29tcHJlbmRlIGVsIGZvcm1hdG8gb3JpZ2luYWwgZGUgbGEgb2JyYSB5IHRvZG9zIGxvcyBkZW3DoXMgcXVlIHNlIHJlcXVpZXJhIHBhcmEgc3UgcHVibGljYWNpw7NuIGVuIGVsIHJlcG9zaXRvcmlvLiBJZ3VhbG1lbnRlLCBsYSBhdXRvcml6YWNpw7NuIHBlcm1pdGUgYSBsYSBpbnN0aXR1Y2nDs24gZWwgY2FtYmlvIGRlIHNvcG9ydGUgZGUgbGEgb2JyYSBjb24gZmluZXMgZGUgcHJlc2VydmFjacOzbiAoaW1wcmVzbywgZWxlY3Ryw7NuaWNvLCBkaWdpdGFsLCBJbnRlcm5ldCwgaW50cmFuZXQsIG8gY3VhbHF1aWVyIG90cm8gZm9ybWF0byBjb25vY2lkbyBvIHBvciBjb25vY2VyKS4NCg0KLSBMYSBhdXRvcml6YWNpw7NuIGVzIGdyYXR1aXRhIHkgc2UgcmVudW5jaWEgYSByZWNpYmlyIGN1YWxxdWllciByZW11bmVyYWNpw7NuIHBvciBsb3MgdXNvcyBkZSBsYSBvYnJhLCBkZSBhY3VlcmRvIGNvbiBsYSBsaWNlbmNpYSBlc3RhYmxlY2lkYSBlbiBlc3RhIGF1dG9yaXphY2nDs24uDQoNCi0gQWwgZmlybWFyIGVzdGEgYXV0b3JpemFjacOzbiwgc2UgbWFuaWZpZXN0YSBxdWUgbGEgb2JyYSBlcyBvcmlnaW5hbCB5IG5vIGV4aXN0ZSBlbiBlbGxhIG5pbmd1bmEgdmlvbGFjacOzbiBhIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciBkZSB0ZXJjZXJvcy4gRW4gY2FzbyBkZSBxdWUgZWwgdHJhYmFqbyBoYXlhIHNpZG8gZmluYW5jaWFkbyBwb3IgdGVyY2Vyb3MgZWwgbyBsb3MgYXV0b3JlcyBhc3VtZW4gbGEgcmVzcG9uc2FiaWxpZGFkIGRlbCBjdW1wbGltaWVudG8gZGUgbG9zIGFjdWVyZG9zIGVzdGFibGVjaWRvcyBzb2JyZSBsb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgcGF0cmltb25pYWxlcyBkZSBsYSBvYnJhIGNvbiBkaWNobyB0ZXJjZXJvLg0KDQotIEZyZW50ZSBhIGN1YWxxdWllciByZWNsYW1hY2nDs24gcG9yIHRlcmNlcm9zLCBlbCBvIGxvcyBhdXRvcmVzIHNlcsOhbiByZXNwb25zYWJsZXMsIGVuIG5pbmfDum4gY2FzbyBsYSByZXNwb25zYWJpbGlkYWQgc2Vyw6EgYXN1bWlkYSBwb3IgbGEgaW5zdGl0dWNpw7NuLg0KDQotIENvbiBsYSBhdXRvcml6YWNpw7NuLCBsYSBpbnN0aXR1Y2nDs24gcHVlZGUgZGlmdW5kaXIgbGEgb2JyYSBlbiDDrW5kaWNlcywgYnVzY2Fkb3JlcyB5IG90cm9zIHNpc3RlbWFzIGRlIGluZm9ybWFjacOzbiBxdWUgZmF2b3JlemNhbiBzdSB2aXNpYmlsaWRhZA==

Publicaciones similares