Necessity of a fintech global regulation

This article analyzes the need for international regulation for Fintech businesses. First, a brief analysis is made of the importance of the topic and the risks of the lack of good regulation. Subsequently, different cases of regulation are analyzed at the level of the traditional financial sector,...

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Autores:
Maldonado Narváez, Marlon Iván
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2020
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/10213
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10213
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Fintech
International regulation
Policy-makers
Regtech
Financial system
Regulación internacional
Legisladores
Sistema financiero
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
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repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Necessity of a fintech global regulation
dc.title.translated.none.fl_str_mv Necesidad de una regulación mundial de Fintech
title Necessity of a fintech global regulation
spellingShingle Necessity of a fintech global regulation
Fintech
International regulation
Policy-makers
Regtech
Financial system
Regulación internacional
Legisladores
Sistema financiero
title_short Necessity of a fintech global regulation
title_full Necessity of a fintech global regulation
title_fullStr Necessity of a fintech global regulation
title_full_unstemmed Necessity of a fintech global regulation
title_sort Necessity of a fintech global regulation
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Maldonado Narváez, Marlon Iván
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Maldonado Narváez, Marlon Iván
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Fintech
International regulation
Policy-makers
Regtech
topic Fintech
International regulation
Policy-makers
Regtech
Financial system
Regulación internacional
Legisladores
Sistema financiero
dc.subject.proposal.fra.fl_str_mv Financial system
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Regulación internacional
Legisladores
Sistema financiero
description This article analyzes the need for international regulation for Fintech businesses. First, a brief analysis is made of the importance of the topic and the risks of the lack of good regulation. Subsequently, different cases of regulation are analyzed at the level of the traditional financial sector, as well as of some States that are considered decisive for the Fintech business, including Colombia, which has shown a good development of such ventures at the regional level. To achieve the task that we set ourselves, the deductive method was used, starting from the generality of the available information, and subsequently to an analysis of specific cases. Regarding the case study, it was a comparative study to offer a broader view of what should be the best applicable regulation. After this analysis, it was concluded that currently no state model would serve as an international model law and that what is required is a dialogue between States and businessmen to be able to approach the issue from different perspectives, in such a way that ensure economic growth and protection of both the economy and consumers internationally.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2020-11-19
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-06-01T22:21:06Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-06-01T22:21:06Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
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dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv Maldonado, M. (2021). Necessity of a fintech global regulation. Jurídicas CUC, 17(1), 65–86. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17981/juridcuc.17.1.2021.03
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 1692-3030
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dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
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identifier_str_mv Maldonado, M. (2021). Necessity of a fintech global regulation. Jurídicas CUC, 17(1), 65–86. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17981/juridcuc.17.1.2021.03
1692-3030
10.17981/juridcuc.17.1.2021.03
2389-7716
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio - CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10213
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language eng
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Jurídicas CUC
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Arner, D., Barberis, J. & Bucley, R. (2017a). Fintech and Regtech in a nutshell, and the future in a sandbox. [Research Paper No. 2017/040]. Hong Kong: CFA Institute Research Foundation. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3088303
Arner, D., Barberis, J. & Bucley, R. (2017b). RegTech: Building a better financial system. In: D. L. K. Chuen & R. Deng (Ed.), Handbook of blockchain, digital finance, and inclusion, Volume 1 (pp. 359–373). Cambridge: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-810441-5.00016-6
ASBA. (2019). Prácticas globales de regulación y supervisión de Fintech. [Regulación para la innovación responsable y competitiva del sector financiero]. Ciudad de México: ASBA y BID Lab. Recuperado de http://www.asbasupervision.com/es/bibl/i-publicaciones-asba/i-1-grupos-de-trabajo/2206-practicas-globales-de-regulacion-y-supervision-de-fintech-1/file
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Faia, E. & Paiella, M. (2019). The role of Fintech for the Capital Markets Union. In: F. Allen, E. Faia, M.l Haliassos & K. Langenbucher, (Ed.). Capital Markets Union and Beyond. Cambridge: The MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11080.003.0014
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Gruin, J. & Knaack, P. (2019). Not just another shadow bank: Chinese authoritarian capitalism in the “developmental” promise of digital innovation. New Political Economy, 25(3), 370–387. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2018.1562437
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JD Alois. (2019, October 21). Financial Services Innovation Act seeks to mandate innovation offices in federal agencies that impact Fintech. Crowdfund Insider. [Online]. Available from https://www.crowdfundinsider.com/2019/10/153145-financial-services-innovation-act-seeks-to-mandate-innovation-offices-in-federal-agencies-the-impact-fintech/
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spelling Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)© The author; licensee Universidad de la Costa - CUChttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Maldonado Narváez, Marlon Iván2023-06-01T22:21:06Z2023-06-01T22:21:06Z2020-11-19Maldonado, M. (2021). Necessity of a fintech global regulation. Jurídicas CUC, 17(1), 65–86. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17981/juridcuc.17.1.2021.031692-3030https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1021310.17981/juridcuc.17.1.2021.032389-7716Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio - CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/This article analyzes the need for international regulation for Fintech businesses. First, a brief analysis is made of the importance of the topic and the risks of the lack of good regulation. Subsequently, different cases of regulation are analyzed at the level of the traditional financial sector, as well as of some States that are considered decisive for the Fintech business, including Colombia, which has shown a good development of such ventures at the regional level. To achieve the task that we set ourselves, the deductive method was used, starting from the generality of the available information, and subsequently to an analysis of specific cases. Regarding the case study, it was a comparative study to offer a broader view of what should be the best applicable regulation. After this analysis, it was concluded that currently no state model would serve as an international model law and that what is required is a dialogue between States and businessmen to be able to approach the issue from different perspectives, in such a way that ensure economic growth and protection of both the economy and consumers internationally.En este artículo se analiza la necesidad de una regulación internacional para los negocios Fintech. Primeramente, se hace un breve análisis de la importancia del tema y de los riesgos de la carencia de una buena regulación. Posteriormente se analizan distintos casos de regulación a nivel del sector financiero tradicional, así como de algunos Estados que se consideran determinantes para el negocio Fintech, incluyendo a Colombia que ha mostrado un buen desarrollo de dichos emprendimientos a nivel regional. Para lograr el cometido que nos propusimos, se usó el método deductivo, partiendo de la generalidad de la información disponible, y posteriormente a un análisis de casos concretos. En lo relativo al estudio de casos se trató de un estudio comparado para ofrecer una visión más amplia sobre cuál debe ser la mejor regulación aplicable. Tras este análisis se llegó a la conclusión de que en la actualidad ningún modelo estatal serviría como ley modelo internacional, y que lo que se requiere es de un diálogo entre Estados y empresarios para poder abordar el tema desde distintas ópticas, de tal manera que se garantice el crecimiento económico y la protección tanto de la economía y de los consumidores a nivel internacional.22 Páginasapplication/pdfengCorporación Universidad de la CostaColombiahttps://revistascientificas.cuc.edu.co/juridicascuc/article/view/2923Necessity of a fintech global regulationNecesidad de una regulación mundial de FintechArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Jurídicas CUCArner, D., Barberis, J. & Bucley, R. (2017a). Fintech and Regtech in a nutshell, and the future in a sandbox. [Research Paper No. 2017/040]. Hong Kong: CFA Institute Research Foundation. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3088303Arner, D., Barberis, J. & Bucley, R. (2017b). RegTech: Building a better financial system. In: D. L. K. Chuen & R. Deng (Ed.), Handbook of blockchain, digital finance, and inclusion, Volume 1 (pp. 359–373). Cambridge: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-810441-5.00016-6ASBA. (2019). Prácticas globales de regulación y supervisión de Fintech. [Regulación para la innovación responsable y competitiva del sector financiero]. Ciudad de México: ASBA y BID Lab. Recuperado de http://www.asbasupervision.com/es/bibl/i-publicaciones-asba/i-1-grupos-de-trabajo/2206-practicas-globales-de-regulacion-y-supervision-de-fintech-1/fileBCBS. (december 7, 2017). Basel III: international regulatory framework for banks. [Online]. Available: https://www.bis.org/bcbs/basel3.htmBoehmer, E., Nash, R. & Netter, J. (2005). 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London: Elsevier & Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812282-2.00003-68665117FintechInternational regulationPolicy-makersRegtechFinancial systemRegulación internacionalLegisladoresSistema financieroPublicationORIGINALNecessity of a fintech global regulation.pdfNecessity of a fintech global regulation.pdfArtículoapplication/pdf424360https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/55f0f2e3-6549-4e88-95be-18f4d49565b0/downloadb2b7e91d967d5d024a8bcc40510d5bb4MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/be73ceed-9264-4565-aba4-870afd19474f/download2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52TEXTNecessity of a fintech global regulation.pdf.txtNecessity of a fintech global regulation.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain48418https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/52c47c9e-e322-4027-8e38-bb6d052795d8/download5d296ce31c35427763d6f62232468d73MD53THUMBNAILNecessity of a fintech global regulation.pdf.jpgNecessity of a fintech global 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ada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
