Brain training with neurofeedback in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A review study
Objective: The study aimed to review the efficacy of Neurofeedback training in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Method: Review in scientific databases Science Direct, Web of Science (WoS)-ISI of Thompson Reuters-, Scopus, and PubMed. Taking as reference key terms in the English languag...
- Autores:
-
Arroyo-Alvis, Katy Estela
Barcelo Martinez, Ernesto Alejandro
Allegri, Ricardo Francisco
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/13557
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13557
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Neurofeedback
Mild cognitive impairment
Cognitive processes
Functional connectivity
Deterioro cognitivo leve
Procesos cognitivos
Conectividad funcional
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)
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| dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Brain training with neurofeedback in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A review study |
| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Entrenamiento cerebral con neurofeedback en pacientes con deterioro cognitivo leve: Un estudio de revisión |
| title |
Brain training with neurofeedback in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A review study |
| spellingShingle |
Brain training with neurofeedback in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A review study Neurofeedback Mild cognitive impairment Cognitive processes Functional connectivity Deterioro cognitivo leve Procesos cognitivos Conectividad funcional |
| title_short |
Brain training with neurofeedback in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A review study |
| title_full |
Brain training with neurofeedback in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A review study |
| title_fullStr |
Brain training with neurofeedback in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A review study |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Brain training with neurofeedback in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A review study |
| title_sort |
Brain training with neurofeedback in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A review study |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Arroyo-Alvis, Katy Estela Barcelo Martinez, Ernesto Alejandro Allegri, Ricardo Francisco |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Arroyo-Alvis, Katy Estela Barcelo Martinez, Ernesto Alejandro Allegri, Ricardo Francisco |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Neurofeedback Mild cognitive impairment Cognitive processes Functional connectivity |
| topic |
Neurofeedback Mild cognitive impairment Cognitive processes Functional connectivity Deterioro cognitivo leve Procesos cognitivos Conectividad funcional |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Deterioro cognitivo leve Procesos cognitivos Conectividad funcional |
| description |
Objective: The study aimed to review the efficacy of Neurofeedback training in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Method: Review in scientific databases Science Direct, Web of Science (WoS)-ISI of Thompson Reuters-, Scopus, and PubMed. Taking as reference key terms in the English language: “mild cognitive impairment”, “mild cognitive decline”, “Neurofeedback”, “Brain ware” and “EEG feedback. Results: Most studies were published between 2019 and 2020. No homogeneity was found in the protocols used in terms of training time, EEG frequency band stimulation, age groups, sample size, and gender. Unanimity was found in the efficacy of Neurofeedback training on physiological and cognitive performance in patients with MCI. Conclusions: Neurofeedback stimulation has proven to be an effective tool for the rehabilitation of cognitive functions and physiological activity in patients with MCI. |
| publishDate |
2022 |
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2022-07-23 |
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2024-10-26T18:07:57Z |
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2024-10-26T18:07:57Z |
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Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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Arroyo-Alvis, K. E. ., Allegri, R. F. ., & Barcelo Martínez, E. A. . (2022). Brain training with neurofeedback in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a review study. Gaceta Médica De Caracas, 130(3S). Recuperado a partir de http://saber.ucv.ve/ojs/index.php/rev_gmc/article/view/24150 |
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0367-4762 |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13557 |
| dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.47307/GMC.2022.130.s3.6 |
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Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
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REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
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https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
| identifier_str_mv |
Arroyo-Alvis, K. E. ., Allegri, R. F. ., & Barcelo Martínez, E. A. . (2022). Brain training with neurofeedback in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a review study. Gaceta Médica De Caracas, 130(3S). Recuperado a partir de http://saber.ucv.ve/ojs/index.php/rev_gmc/article/view/24150 0367-4762 10.47307/GMC.2022.130.s3.6 Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13557 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
| dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.ispartofjournal.none.fl_str_mv |
Gaceta medica de Caracas |
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1. Klimesch W. Las oscilaciones EEG alfa y theta reflejan el rendimiento cognitivo y de la memoria: una revisión y análisisRevisión. Brain Research Reviews. 1999;29(2-3):169-195. 2. Sterman M, LoPresti R, Fairchild M. Electroencephalographic and behavioral studies of monomethylhydrazine toxicity in the cat. J Neurotherapy. 2010;14:293-300. 3. Li X, Zhang J, Li XD, Cui W, Su R. Neurofeedback Training for Brain Functional Connectivity Improvement in Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Med Biol Engin. 2020;40:484-495. 4. Riesco P, Yela J, Crego A, Sánchez-Zaballos E. What do meta-analyses have to say about the efficacy of Neurofeedback applied to children with ADHD? review of previous meta-analyses and a new metaanalysis. J Attention Disorders. 2019;254:473-485. 5. Davelaar E. Mechanisms of Neurofeedback: A Computation-theoretic Approach. Neuroscience. 2018;378:175-188. 6. Gaume A, Vialatte A, Mora-Sánchez A, Ramdani C, Vialatte F. A psychoengineering paradigm for the neurocognitive mechanisms of biofeedback and Neurofeedback. Neurosci Biobeh Rev. 2016;68:891- 910. 7. Horschig J, Zumer J, Bahramisharif A. Métodos basados en hipótesis para aumentar la cognición humana mediante la optimización de las oscilaciones corticales. Frente. Syst. Neurosci. 2014;8:e119, 1-21. 8. Evans J. Handbook of Neurofeedback: Dynamics and clinical applications. New York, NY: The Haworth Medical Press; 2007. 9. Hammond DC. What Is Neurofeedback?. J Neurotherapy. 2007;104:25-36. 10. Mirifar A, Beckmann J, Ehrlenspiel F. Neurofeedback as supplementary training for optimizing athletes’ performance: A systematic review with implications for future research. Neurosci Biobeh Rev. 2017;75:419- 432. 11. Jurewicz K, Paluch K, Kublik E, Rogala J, Mikicin M, Wróbel A. EEG-Neurofeedback training of beta band 12–22Hz. Affects alpha and beta frequencies – A controlled study of a healthy population. Neuropsychologia. 2018;108:13-24. 12. Reiner M, Gruzelier J, Bamidis P, Auer T. The Science of Neurofeedback: Learnability and Effects. Neuroscience. 2018;378:1-10. 13. Hammond D. What is Neurofeedback: An Update. Journal of Neurotherapy: Investigations in Neuromodulation. Neurofeedback and Applied Neuroscience. 2011;154:305-336. 14. Whittingstall K, Logothetis N. Frequency-band coupling in surface EEG reflects spiking activity in monkey visual cortex. Neuron. 2009;642:281-289. 15. Sanei S, Chambers JA. EEG signal processing. John Wiley & Sons. 2007. 16. Galadí J, Torres J, Marro J. Emergence and interpretation of oscillatory behaviour similar to brain waves and rhythms. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation. 2020;83:105093. 17. Wang J, Hsieh S. Neurofeedback training improves attention and working memory performance. Clin Neurophy. 2013;12412:2406-2420. 18. Juncos O, Pereiro A, Facal D, Rodríguez N. Una revisión de la investigación sobre lenguaje en el deterioro cognitivo leve. Rev Logopedia Foniat Audiol. 2010;302:73-83. 19. Keizer A, Verment R, Hommel B. Enhancing cognitive control through Neurofeedback: A role of gamma-band activity in managing episodic retrieval. NeuroImage. 2010;49:3404-3413. 20. Roh J, Park M, Ko D, Park K, Lee D, Han C, et al. Region and frequency specific changes of spectral power in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment. Cli Neurophysiol. 2011;12211:2169- 2176. 21. Hosseini SMH, Pritchard-Berman M, Sosa N, Cej A, Kesler S. Task-based Neurofeedback training: A novel approach toward training executive functions. NeuroImage. 2016;134:153-159. 22. Feldberg C, Stefani D, Tartaglini M, Hermida P, García L, Somale M, Allegri R. influencia de la educación y la complejidad laboral en el desempeño cognitivo de adultos mayores con deterioro cognitivo leve. Ciencias Psicológicas. 2020;141:e-2194. 23. American Psychiatric Association. Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales DSM-5®. 5ª edición. Arlington, VA: Asociación Americana de Psiquiatría. 2013. 24. Staufenbiel S, Brouwer A, Keizer A, Van Wouwe N. Effect of beta and gamma Neurofeedback on memory and intelligence in the elderly. Biol Psychol. 2014;95:74-85. 25. Jang J, Kim J, Park G, Kim H, Jung ES, Cha JY, et al. Beta wave enhancement Neurofeedback improves cognitive functions in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A preliminary pilot study. Medicine Baltimore. 2019;9850:18357. 26. Luijmes R, Pouwels S, Boonman J. The effectiveness of Neurofeedback on cognitive functioning in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: Preliminary results. Clin Neurophysiol. 2016;463:179-187. 27. Julkunen P, Jauhiainen S, Westerén S, Pirine E, Soinine H, Könönen M, et al. Navigated TMS combined with EEG in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease: A pilot study. Métodos Rev Neurolo. 2008;1722:270-276. 28. Liao X, Li G, Wang A, Liu T, Feng S, Guo Z, et al. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as an Alternative Therapy for Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimer Dis. 2015;482:463-472. 29. Haddadi P, Rostami R, Moradi A, Pouladi F. Neurofeedback Training to Enhance Learning and Memory in Patients with Cognitive Impairment. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2011;30:608-610. 30. Zoefel B, Huster R, Herrmann C. Neurofeedback training of the upper alpha frequency band in EEG improves cognitive performance. Neuroimage. 2010;542:1427-1431. 31. Nan W, Rodrigues J, Ma J, Qu X, Wan F, Mak P, et al. Individual alpha Neurofeedback training effect on short term memory. Internat J Psychophysiol. 2012;861:83-87. 32. Boyle P, Wilson R, Aggarwal N, Tang Y, Bennett D. Deterioro cognitivo leve: riesgo de enfermedad de Alzheimer y tasa de deterioro cognitivo. Neurología. 2006;673:441-445. 33. Allegri F, Glaser F, Taragano F, Buschke H. Deterioro cognitivo leve: ¿Lo crea o no? Internat Rev Psychia. 2008;204 357-363. 34. Petersen R. Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. J Intern Med. 2004;256:183-194. 35. Allison J, Rivers R, Christodoulou J, Vendruscolo M, Dobson C. Una relación entre la estructura transitoria en el estado monomérico y las propensiones de agregación de alfa-sinucleína y beta-sinucleína. Biochemistry. 2014;532014:7170-7183. 36. Mardan N, Fauzan N. Quantitative electroencephalogaphy QEEG and Neurofeedback training NFT for elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment MCI. Internat J Technology. 2018;73.22:37-40. 37. Lavy Y, Dwolatzky T, Kaplan Z, Guez J, Todder D. Improves Memory, and Peak Alpha Frequency in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2019;44:41-49. 38. Jirayucharoensak S, Israsena P, Pan-Ngum S, Hemrungrojn S, Maes M. A game-based Neurofeedback training system to enhance cognitive performance in healthy elderly subjects and in patients with amnestic. Clinical Interventions in Aging. 2019;14:347-360. 39. Marlats F, Bao G, Chevallier S, Boubaya M, DjabelkhirJemmi L, Wu YH, et al. SMR/Theta Neurofeedback Training Improves Cognitive Performance and EEG Activity in Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Study. Front. Aging Neurosci. 2020;12:147. 40. Marlats F, Djabelkhir-Jemmi L, Azabou E, Boubaya M, Pouwels S, Rigaud AS. Comparison of effects between SMR/delta-ratio and beta1/theta-ratio Neurofeedback training for older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2019;201:88-99. 41. Koganemaru S, Mikami Y, Maezawa H, Ikeda S, Ikoma K, Mima T. Neurofeedback Control of the Human GABAergic System Using Non-invasive Brain Stimulation. Neuroscience. 2018;380:38-48. 42. Missonnier P, Deiber M, Gold G, Herrmann F, Mille, R, Michon A, et al. Working memory load-related electroencephalographic parameters can differentiate progressive from stable mild cognitive impairment. Neuroscience. 2007;1502:346-356. 43. Zhao J, Ding W, Men G. Sex differences in restingstate network RSN functional connections with mild cognitive impairment MCI progression. Neuroscience Letters. 2020;724:134891. 44. Bremer F, Stoupel N, Van Reeth PC. Nouvelles recherches sur la facilitation et l’inhibition des potentiels évoqués corticaux dans l’éveil réticulaire. Arch Italiennes Biol. 1960;983:229-247. 45. Lutzenberger W, Ripper B, Busse L, Birbaumer N, Kaiser J. Dynamics of Gamma-Band Activity during an Audiospatial Working Memory Task in Humans. J Neurosci. 2002;2213:5630-5638. 46. Engel A, Cantante W. Temporal binding and the neural correlates of sensory awareness. Trens in cognitive sciences. 2001;51:16-25. 47. Aoki F, Fetz E, Shupe L, Lettich E, Ojemann G. Increased gamma-range activity in human sensorimotor cortex during performance of visuomotor tasks. Clin Neurophysiol. 1999;1103: 524-537. 48. Donoghue J, Sanes J, Hatsopoulos M, Gaál G. Neural discharge and local field potential oscillations in primate motor cortex during voluntary movements. J Neurosci. 1998;791:159-173. 49. Cheron G, Petit G, Cheron J, Leroy A, Cebolla A, Cevallos C, et al. Brain oscillations in sport: Toward EEG biomarkers of performance. Front Psychol. 2016;7:e246 1-25. 50. Pfurtscheller G, Solis T, Barry J, Klobassa D, Neuper C, Müller-Putz G. Brisk heart rate and EEG changes during execution and withholding of cue-paced foot motor imagery. Frontiers in Human Neurosci J. 2013;7:e542. 51. Cheron G, Leroy A, De Saedeleer C, Bengoetxea A, Lipshits M, Cebolla A, et al. Effect of gravity on human spontaneous 10-Hz electroencephalographic oscillations during the arrest reaction. Brain Res. 2006;11211:104-116. 52. Berger H. Über das Elektrenkephalogramm des Menschen Arco. Psiquiatra Nervenkr. 1929;87:527- 570. 53. Escolano C, Aguilar M, Minguez J. El entrenamiento de Neurofeedback alfa superior basado en EEG mejora el rendimiento de la memoria de trabajo. Actas de la Conferencia Internacional Anual de la Sociedad de Ingeniería en Medicina y Biología. 2011;6090651:2327-233033. 54. Bollimunta A,Mo J,Schroeder C, Ding M. Neuronal Mechanisms and Attentional Modulation of Corticothalamic Alpha Oscillations. J Neurosci. 2011;3113:4935-4943. 55. Kahana M, Seelig D, Madsen J. Theta returns. Current. Opinion in Neurobiol. 2001;116:739-744. 56. Lakatos P, Karmos G, Mehta AD, Ulbert I, Schroeder C. Entrainment of neuronal oscillations as a mechanism of attentional selection. Science. 2008;320 5872:110- 113. 57. Pumarejo J, Cudris L, Barrios Á, Bahamón M, Uribe J. Teoría de la mente y funcionamiento cognitivo en personas en procesos de reintegración en Colombia. Arch Ven Farmacol Ter. 2019;38 (5):579-582. |
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© Copyright 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved. |
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Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0) |
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Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0) © Copyright 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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12 páginas |
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Academia Nacional de Medicina |
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Academia Nacional de Medicina |
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Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)© Copyright 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Arroyo-Alvis, Katy EstelaBarcelo Martinez, Ernesto AlejandroAllegri, Ricardo Franciscovirtual::812-12024-10-26T18:07:57Z2024-10-26T18:07:57Z2022-07-23Arroyo-Alvis, K. E. ., Allegri, R. F. ., & Barcelo Martínez, E. A. . (2022). Brain training with neurofeedback in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a review study. Gaceta Médica De Caracas, 130(3S). Recuperado a partir de http://saber.ucv.ve/ojs/index.php/rev_gmc/article/view/241500367-4762https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1355710.47307/GMC.2022.130.s3.6Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Objective: The study aimed to review the efficacy of Neurofeedback training in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Method: Review in scientific databases Science Direct, Web of Science (WoS)-ISI of Thompson Reuters-, Scopus, and PubMed. Taking as reference key terms in the English language: “mild cognitive impairment”, “mild cognitive decline”, “Neurofeedback”, “Brain ware” and “EEG feedback. Results: Most studies were published between 2019 and 2020. No homogeneity was found in the protocols used in terms of training time, EEG frequency band stimulation, age groups, sample size, and gender. Unanimity was found in the efficacy of Neurofeedback training on physiological and cognitive performance in patients with MCI. Conclusions: Neurofeedback stimulation has proven to be an effective tool for the rehabilitation of cognitive functions and physiological activity in patients with MCI.Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue la revisión sobre la eficacia del entrenamiento con Neurofeedback en pacientes con Deterioro Cognitivo Leve (DCL). Método: Revisión en bases de datos científicas Science Direct, Web of Science (WoS)-ISI-de la Thompson Reuters-, Scopus, y PubMed. Tomando como referencia términos claves en el idioma inglés: “mild cognitive impairment”, “mild cognitive decline”, “Neurofeedback”, “Brain ware” y “EEG feedback. Resultados: La mayoría de los estudios fueron publicados entre los años 2019 y 2020. No se encontró homogeneidad en los protocolos utilizados en términos de tiempo de entrenamiento, estimulación de banda de frecuencia de EEG, grupos etarios, tamaño de la muestra y género. Se encontró unanimidad en la eficacia del entrenamiento con Neurofeedback sobre el rendimiento fisiológico y cognitivo en pacientes con DCL. Conclusiones: La estimulación a través de Neurofeedback, ha demostrado ser una herramienta eficaz para la rehabilitación de funciones cognitivas y actividad fisiológica en pacientes con DCL.12 páginasapplication/pdfengAcademia Nacional de MedicinaVenezuelahttp://saber.ucv.ve/ojs/index.php/rev_gmc/article/view/24150Brain training with neurofeedback in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A review studyEntrenamiento cerebral con neurofeedback en pacientes con deterioro cognitivo leve: Un estudio de revisiónArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Gaceta medica de Caracas1. Klimesch W. Las oscilaciones EEG alfa y theta reflejan el rendimiento cognitivo y de la memoria: una revisión y análisisRevisión. Brain Research Reviews. 1999;29(2-3):169-195.2. Sterman M, LoPresti R, Fairchild M. Electroencephalographic and behavioral studies of monomethylhydrazine toxicity in the cat. J Neurotherapy. 2010;14:293-300.3. Li X, Zhang J, Li XD, Cui W, Su R. Neurofeedback Training for Brain Functional Connectivity Improvement in Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Med Biol Engin. 2020;40:484-495.4. Riesco P, Yela J, Crego A, Sánchez-Zaballos E. What do meta-analyses have to say about the efficacy of Neurofeedback applied to children with ADHD? review of previous meta-analyses and a new metaanalysis. J Attention Disorders. 2019;254:473-485.5. Davelaar E. Mechanisms of Neurofeedback: A Computation-theoretic Approach. Neuroscience. 2018;378:175-188.6. Gaume A, Vialatte A, Mora-Sánchez A, Ramdani C, Vialatte F. A psychoengineering paradigm for the neurocognitive mechanisms of biofeedback and Neurofeedback. Neurosci Biobeh Rev. 2016;68:891- 910.7. Horschig J, Zumer J, Bahramisharif A. Métodos basados en hipótesis para aumentar la cognición humana mediante la optimización de las oscilaciones corticales. Frente. Syst. Neurosci. 2014;8:e119, 1-21.8. Evans J. Handbook of Neurofeedback: Dynamics and clinical applications. New York, NY: The Haworth Medical Press; 2007.9. Hammond DC. What Is Neurofeedback?. J Neurotherapy. 2007;104:25-36.10. Mirifar A, Beckmann J, Ehrlenspiel F. Neurofeedback as supplementary training for optimizing athletes’ performance: A systematic review with implications for future research. Neurosci Biobeh Rev. 2017;75:419- 432.11. Jurewicz K, Paluch K, Kublik E, Rogala J, Mikicin M, Wróbel A. EEG-Neurofeedback training of beta band 12–22Hz. Affects alpha and beta frequencies – A controlled study of a healthy population. Neuropsychologia. 2018;108:13-24.12. Reiner M, Gruzelier J, Bamidis P, Auer T. The Science of Neurofeedback: Learnability and Effects. Neuroscience. 2018;378:1-10.13. Hammond D. What is Neurofeedback: An Update. Journal of Neurotherapy: Investigations in Neuromodulation. Neurofeedback and Applied Neuroscience. 2011;154:305-336.14. Whittingstall K, Logothetis N. Frequency-band coupling in surface EEG reflects spiking activity in monkey visual cortex. Neuron. 2009;642:281-289.15. Sanei S, Chambers JA. EEG signal processing. John Wiley & Sons. 2007.16. Galadí J, Torres J, Marro J. Emergence and interpretation of oscillatory behaviour similar to brain waves and rhythms. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation. 2020;83:105093.17. Wang J, Hsieh S. Neurofeedback training improves attention and working memory performance. Clin Neurophy. 2013;12412:2406-2420.18. Juncos O, Pereiro A, Facal D, Rodríguez N. Una revisión de la investigación sobre lenguaje en el deterioro cognitivo leve. Rev Logopedia Foniat Audiol. 2010;302:73-83.19. Keizer A, Verment R, Hommel B. Enhancing cognitive control through Neurofeedback: A role of gamma-band activity in managing episodic retrieval. 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ara ejercer estos derechos sobre la Obra tal y como se indica a continuación:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Reproducir la Obra, incorporar la Obra en una o más Obras Colectivas, y reproducir la Obra incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.</li>
    </ol>
    <p>Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Restricciones.
    <p>La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).</li>
      <li>Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.</li>
      <li>Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.</li>
      <li>
        Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
        <ol type="i">
          <li>Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
          <li>Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li>Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Limitación de responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Término.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Varios.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.</li>
      <li>Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.</li>
      <li>Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
</ol>
 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