Design and implementation of a system to determine tax evasion through de stochastic techniques

The dominant view on the study and practice of the tax service, mentions that taxpayers will always seek their own interest, for that reason taxes will be considered costs that could be avoided, unless the probability of being detected is high and the severity of the penalty is not an attractive opt...

Full description

Autores:
Varela, Noel
Carrasquilla Díaz, Laura Patricia
Pineda Lezama, Omar Bonerge
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2020
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/7686
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7686
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.07.094
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Tax evasion
Value added tax
Non-parametric stochastic model
Rights
openAccess
License
CC0 1.0 Universal
id RCUC2_d6648997c4bed32118eb5e7ee56f9fb8
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/7686
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Design and implementation of a system to determine tax evasion through de stochastic techniques
title Design and implementation of a system to determine tax evasion through de stochastic techniques
spellingShingle Design and implementation of a system to determine tax evasion through de stochastic techniques
Tax evasion
Value added tax
Non-parametric stochastic model
title_short Design and implementation of a system to determine tax evasion through de stochastic techniques
title_full Design and implementation of a system to determine tax evasion through de stochastic techniques
title_fullStr Design and implementation of a system to determine tax evasion through de stochastic techniques
title_full_unstemmed Design and implementation of a system to determine tax evasion through de stochastic techniques
title_sort Design and implementation of a system to determine tax evasion through de stochastic techniques
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Varela, Noel
Carrasquilla Díaz, Laura Patricia
Pineda Lezama, Omar Bonerge
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Varela, Noel
Carrasquilla Díaz, Laura Patricia
Pineda Lezama, Omar Bonerge
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Tax evasion
Value added tax
Non-parametric stochastic model
topic Tax evasion
Value added tax
Non-parametric stochastic model
description The dominant view on the study and practice of the tax service, mentions that taxpayers will always seek their own interest, for that reason taxes will be considered costs that could be avoided, unless the probability of being detected is high and the severity of the penalty is not an attractive option. This means that taxpayers would be motivated to develop tax evasion strategies that would increase their economic benefits. In this regard, the following two types of intentional tax evasion procedures are identified: one, where illegal practices are employed, such as failing to file a tax return without any legal justification to do so, and, another, where legal procedures are used to avoid filing a tax return. This paper establishes a methodology based on stochastic techniques, with the objective of creating a model that allows the identification of possible tax evaders of the value added tax (VAT) in Colombia.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2020
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2021-01-14T18:15:33Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2021-01-14T18:15:33Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 1877-0509
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7686
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.07.094
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv 1877-0509
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7686
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.07.094
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv [1] Olsen, J., Kogler, C., Brandt, M. J., Dezső, L., & Kirchler, E. (2019). Are consumption taxes really disliked more than equivalent costs? Inconclusive results in the USA and no effect in the UK. Journal of Economic Psychology, 75, 102145.
[2] Mitra, A. (2020). The impact of Belgium federal reform on economic well-being: a parametric and non-parametric synthetic control approach.
[3] Nguyen, T. T., Prior, D., & Van Hemmen, S. (2020). Stochastic semi-nonparametric frontier approach for tax administration efficiency measure: Evidence from a cross-country study. Economic Analysis and Policy.
[4] Wang, J., Shen, G., & Tang, D. (2020). Does Tax Deduction Relax Financial Constraints? Evidence from China’s Value-Added Tax Reform. Evidence from China’s Value-Added Tax Reform (February 17, 2020).
[5] Chan, S. G., Ramly, Z., & Zulkhairi, M. M. (2019). Value-added tax and economic efficiency: Role of country governance. Panoeconomicus, (00), 20-20.
[6] Sok-Gee, C., Zulkufly, R., & Mohd, Z. M. (2018). Value-added Tax and Economic Efficiency: Role of Country Governance. Panoeconomicus, 1-37.
[7] Rahimikia, E., Mohammadi, S., Rahmani, T., & Ghazanfari, M. (2017). Detecting corporate tax evasion using a hybrid intelligent system: A case study of Iran. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 25, 1-17.
[8] Triana, M., & Olivo, J. (2018). Análisis de las causales más recurrentes de inadmisión, derivado del proceso de devolución de saldos a favor por IVA en Colombia.
[9] Ojala, H., Kinnunen, J., Niemi, L., Troberg, P., & Collis, J. (2019). What Turns the Taxman On? Tax Aggressiveness, Financial Statement Audits and Tax Return Adjustments in Small Private Companies. International Journal of Accounting, Forthcoming.
[10] Waseem, M. (2018). Taxes, informality and income shifting: Evidence from a recent Pakistani tax reform. Journal of public economics, 157, 41-77.
[11] Rodríguez, J. A., & Ávila Mahecha, J. (2017). The tax burden on labor and capital income in Colombia: The case of the income tax and the VAT. Cuadernos de Economía, 36(SPE72), 99-138.
[12] Benavides, E. S., Brochero, N. A., & Viloria, A. (2019). Competitiveness indicator in Colombia through of multivariable statistics. In Communications in Computer and Information Science (Vol. 1122 CCIS, pp. 496–505). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1301- 5_39.
[13] Tan, S. K., Salleh, M. F. M., & Kassim, A. A. M. (2020). The Mediating Effect of Ethical Perception on the Relationship between Tax Service and Tax Compliance Behavior Using Baron and Kenny and Bootstrapping Method. Journal of Business Management and Accounting, 9(2), 41-49.
[14] Waseem, M. (2019). Does Cutting the Tax Rate to Zero Induce Behavior Different from Other Tax Cuts? Evidence from Pakistan. Review of Economics and Statistics, 1-45.
[15] Vallés-Giménez, J., & Zárate-Marco, A. (2017). Tax Effort of Local Governments and its Determinants: The Spanish Case. Annals of Economics and Finance, 18(2), 323-348.
[16] Contreras Rodríguez, T. Y., Bernal García, Y. S., & Cortes Devia, L. Y. (2017). Análisis histórico de la reforma tributaria: breve asomo a su implementación en Colombia año 2017.
[17] Quitian, O. I. T., Lis-Gutiérrez, J. P., & Viloria, A. (2020). Supervised and unsupervised learning applied to Crowdfunding. In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing (Vol. 1108 AISC, pp. 90–97). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37218-7_11
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv CC0 1.0 Universal
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv CC0 1.0 Universal
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv Procedia Computer Science
institution Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.source.url.spa.fl_str_mv https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050920317944
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/808ac076-dd39-4bcb-a3bf-69fedbfde968/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/5d71f3eb-6c25-44eb-9996-669aaa0261ee/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/dd0b0c6a-1e62-4b39-a250-c1c0a718b2f7/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/5b87116b-9d68-472b-a0cd-9a13f9f41b9e/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/49612477-a90c-4b91-b4d9-1ae3e976ff8f/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/3456200d-5df5-4d94-9bb6-0d4b71ba17ba/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 179a647ea44c2c11fad6bec511737f3e
42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708c
e30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9bad
4d2169c0a9dfb9a19ce2db235324ad94
4d2169c0a9dfb9a19ce2db235324ad94
6670be122c1ffe0b81d275cdb2468dcc
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUC
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repdigital@cuc.edu.co
_version_ 1811760782035124224
spelling Varela, NoelCarrasquilla Díaz, Laura PatriciaPineda Lezama, Omar Bonerge2021-01-14T18:15:33Z2021-01-14T18:15:33Z20201877-0509https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7686https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.07.094Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/The dominant view on the study and practice of the tax service, mentions that taxpayers will always seek their own interest, for that reason taxes will be considered costs that could be avoided, unless the probability of being detected is high and the severity of the penalty is not an attractive option. This means that taxpayers would be motivated to develop tax evasion strategies that would increase their economic benefits. In this regard, the following two types of intentional tax evasion procedures are identified: one, where illegal practices are employed, such as failing to file a tax return without any legal justification to do so, and, another, where legal procedures are used to avoid filing a tax return. This paper establishes a methodology based on stochastic techniques, with the objective of creating a model that allows the identification of possible tax evaders of the value added tax (VAT) in Colombia.Varela, NoelCarrasquilla Díaz, Laura PatriciaPineda Lezama, Omar Bonergeapplication/pdfengCorporación Universidad de la CostaCC0 1.0 Universalhttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Procedia Computer Sciencehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050920317944Tax evasionValue added taxNon-parametric stochastic modelDesign and implementation of a system to determine tax evasion through de stochastic techniquesArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion[1] Olsen, J., Kogler, C., Brandt, M. J., Dezső, L., & Kirchler, E. (2019). Are consumption taxes really disliked more than equivalent costs? Inconclusive results in the USA and no effect in the UK. Journal of Economic Psychology, 75, 102145.[2] Mitra, A. (2020). The impact of Belgium federal reform on economic well-being: a parametric and non-parametric synthetic control approach.[3] Nguyen, T. T., Prior, D., & Van Hemmen, S. (2020). Stochastic semi-nonparametric frontier approach for tax administration efficiency measure: Evidence from a cross-country study. Economic Analysis and Policy.[4] Wang, J., Shen, G., & Tang, D. (2020). Does Tax Deduction Relax Financial Constraints? Evidence from China’s Value-Added Tax Reform. Evidence from China’s Value-Added Tax Reform (February 17, 2020).[5] Chan, S. G., Ramly, Z., & Zulkhairi, M. M. (2019). Value-added tax and economic efficiency: Role of country governance. Panoeconomicus, (00), 20-20.[6] Sok-Gee, C., Zulkufly, R., & Mohd, Z. M. (2018). Value-added Tax and Economic Efficiency: Role of Country Governance. Panoeconomicus, 1-37.[7] Rahimikia, E., Mohammadi, S., Rahmani, T., & Ghazanfari, M. (2017). Detecting corporate tax evasion using a hybrid intelligent system: A case study of Iran. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 25, 1-17.[8] Triana, M., & Olivo, J. (2018). Análisis de las causales más recurrentes de inadmisión, derivado del proceso de devolución de saldos a favor por IVA en Colombia.[9] Ojala, H., Kinnunen, J., Niemi, L., Troberg, P., & Collis, J. (2019). What Turns the Taxman On? Tax Aggressiveness, Financial Statement Audits and Tax Return Adjustments in Small Private Companies. International Journal of Accounting, Forthcoming.[10] Waseem, M. (2018). Taxes, informality and income shifting: Evidence from a recent Pakistani tax reform. Journal of public economics, 157, 41-77.[11] Rodríguez, J. A., & Ávila Mahecha, J. (2017). The tax burden on labor and capital income in Colombia: The case of the income tax and the VAT. Cuadernos de Economía, 36(SPE72), 99-138.[12] Benavides, E. S., Brochero, N. A., & Viloria, A. (2019). Competitiveness indicator in Colombia through of multivariable statistics. In Communications in Computer and Information Science (Vol. 1122 CCIS, pp. 496–505). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1301- 5_39.[13] Tan, S. K., Salleh, M. F. M., & Kassim, A. A. M. (2020). The Mediating Effect of Ethical Perception on the Relationship between Tax Service and Tax Compliance Behavior Using Baron and Kenny and Bootstrapping Method. Journal of Business Management and Accounting, 9(2), 41-49.[14] Waseem, M. (2019). Does Cutting the Tax Rate to Zero Induce Behavior Different from Other Tax Cuts? Evidence from Pakistan. Review of Economics and Statistics, 1-45.[15] Vallés-Giménez, J., & Zárate-Marco, A. (2017). Tax Effort of Local Governments and its Determinants: The Spanish Case. Annals of Economics and Finance, 18(2), 323-348.[16] Contreras Rodríguez, T. Y., Bernal García, Y. S., & Cortes Devia, L. Y. (2017). Análisis histórico de la reforma tributaria: breve asomo a su implementación en Colombia año 2017.[17] Quitian, O. I. T., Lis-Gutiérrez, J. P., & Viloria, A. (2020). Supervised and unsupervised learning applied to Crowdfunding. In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing (Vol. 1108 AISC, pp. 90–97). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37218-7_11PublicationORIGINALDesign and implementation of a system to determine tax evasion through de stochastic techniques.pdfDesign and implementation of a system to determine tax evasion through de stochastic techniques.pdfapplication/pdf623776https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/808ac076-dd39-4bcb-a3bf-69fedbfde968/download179a647ea44c2c11fad6bec511737f3eMD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8701https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/5d71f3eb-6c25-44eb-9996-669aaa0261ee/download42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708cMD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83196https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/dd0b0c6a-1e62-4b39-a250-c1c0a718b2f7/downloade30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9badMD53THUMBNAILDesign and implementation of a system to determine tax evasion through de stochastic techniques.pdf.jpgDesign and implementation of a system to determine tax evasion through de stochastic techniques.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg43681https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/5b87116b-9d68-472b-a0cd-9a13f9f41b9e/download4d2169c0a9dfb9a19ce2db235324ad94MD54THUMBNAILDesign and implementation of a system to determine tax evasion through de stochastic techniques.pdf.jpgDesign and implementation of a system to determine tax evasion through de stochastic techniques.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg43681https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/49612477-a90c-4b91-b4d9-1ae3e976ff8f/download4d2169c0a9dfb9a19ce2db235324ad94MD54TEXTDesign and implementation of a system to determine tax evasion through de stochastic techniques.pdf.txtDesign and implementation of a system to determine tax evasion through de stochastic techniques.pdf.txttext/plain26028https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/3456200d-5df5-4d94-9bb6-0d4b71ba17ba/download6670be122c1ffe0b81d275cdb2468dccMD5511323/7686oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/76862024-09-17 11:07:43.828http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/CC0 1.0 Universalopen.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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