Effects of Combined HIIT and Stroop on Strength Manifestations, Serve Speed and Accuracy in Recreational Tennis Players

Background: The importance of the serve in tennis players' performance is well known but no previous studies have analyzed the effects of both physical and cognitive fatigue on the speed and accuracy of the serve. This study analyzed the effect of a High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) with...

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Autores:
Fuentes García, Juan Pedro
García Díaz, Jesús
López Gajardo, Miguel Ángel
Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2021
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/8563
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8563
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
physical fatigue
cognitive fatigue
mental fatigue
tennis service performance
Rights
openAccess
License
CC0 1.0 Universal
id RCUC2_d5bcb88e85c3c254548a0eab8bbb2d2c
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/8563
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Effects of Combined HIIT and Stroop on Strength Manifestations, Serve Speed and Accuracy in Recreational Tennis Players
title Effects of Combined HIIT and Stroop on Strength Manifestations, Serve Speed and Accuracy in Recreational Tennis Players
spellingShingle Effects of Combined HIIT and Stroop on Strength Manifestations, Serve Speed and Accuracy in Recreational Tennis Players
physical fatigue
cognitive fatigue
mental fatigue
tennis service performance
title_short Effects of Combined HIIT and Stroop on Strength Manifestations, Serve Speed and Accuracy in Recreational Tennis Players
title_full Effects of Combined HIIT and Stroop on Strength Manifestations, Serve Speed and Accuracy in Recreational Tennis Players
title_fullStr Effects of Combined HIIT and Stroop on Strength Manifestations, Serve Speed and Accuracy in Recreational Tennis Players
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Combined HIIT and Stroop on Strength Manifestations, Serve Speed and Accuracy in Recreational Tennis Players
title_sort Effects of Combined HIIT and Stroop on Strength Manifestations, Serve Speed and Accuracy in Recreational Tennis Players
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Fuentes García, Juan Pedro
García Díaz, Jesús
López Gajardo, Miguel Ángel
Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Fuentes García, Juan Pedro
García Díaz, Jesús
López Gajardo, Miguel Ángel
Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv physical fatigue
cognitive fatigue
mental fatigue
tennis service performance
topic physical fatigue
cognitive fatigue
mental fatigue
tennis service performance
description Background: The importance of the serve in tennis players' performance is well known but no previous studies have analyzed the effects of both physical and cognitive fatigue on the speed and accuracy of the serve. This study analyzed the effect of a High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) with and without cognitive load on serve speed and accuracy, spirometry, and strength manifestation. Methods: 32 recreational players (25 men and 7 women; aged 21.40 +/- 1.52 years) performed a HIIT and a HIIT with a Stroop in recovery phases before performing a series of tennis services. Speed and accuracy of the services, spirometry, and strength manifestations were registered. Results: The main findings of the study showed that strength manifestations and spirometry were not affected by either protocol. A decrease in serve speed was observed in both protocols (p < 0.001) but service accuracy did not show impairments (p = 0.66). Conclusion: A combination of physical and mental fatigue may decrease serve speed but will not affect strength manifestations or spirometry negatively. These results could be caused by a response of the central nervous system to maintain the accuracy of the ball in presence of fatigue
publishDate 2021
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2021-08-20T13:56:59Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2021-08-20T13:56:59Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2021-07
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 2071-1050
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8563
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv 10.3390/su13147717
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
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identifier_str_mv 2071-1050
10.3390/su13147717
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8563
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv 1. Menayo, R.; Fuentes García, J.; Moreno Hernández, F.; Clemente, R.; García Calvo, T. Relación entre la velocidad de la pelota y la precisión en el servicio plano en tenis en jugadores de perfeccionamiento. Eur. J. Hum. Mov. 2008, 21, 17–30.
2. O’Donoghe, G.P.; Brown, E. The importance of service in Grand Slam singles tennis. Int. J. Perform. Anal. Sport 2008, 8, 70–78.
3. Fett, J.; Ulbricht, A.; Ferrauti, A. Impact of physical performance and anthropometric characteristics on serve velocity in elite junior tennis players. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2020, 34, 192–202.
4. Wang, L.H.; Lo, K.C.; Su, F.C. Skill level and forearm muscle fatigue effects on ball speed in tennis serve. Sports Biomech. 2019, 1, 1–12.
5. Poire, B.; Killen, L.G.; Green, J.M.; O’Neal, E.K.; Renfroe, L.G. Effects of caffeine on tennis serve accuracy. Int. J. Exerc. Sci. 2019, 12, 1290–1301.
6. Menayo, R.; Sabido, R.; Fuentes, J.P.; Moreno, F.J.; García, J.A. Simultaneous treatment effects in learning four tennis shots in contextual interference conditions. Percept. Mot. Skills 2010, 110, 661–673.
7. Maquirriain, J.; Baglione, R.; Cardey, M. Male professional tennis players maintain constant serve speed and accuracy over long matches on grass courts. Eur. J. Sport Sci. 2016, 16, 845–849.
8. Menayo, R.; Moreno Hernández, F.; Fuentes García, J.P.; Damas Arroyo, J. Relationship between motor variability, accuracy, and ball speed in the tennis serve. J. Hum. Kinet. 2012, 33, 45–53.
9. Terraza-Rebollo, M.; Baiget, E. Effects of postactivation potentiation on tennis serve velocity and accuracy. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2020, 1, 1–6.
10. Murphy, A.P.; Duffield, R.; Kellett, A.; Reid, M. A comparison of the perceptual and technical demands of tennis training, simulated match play, and competitive tournaments. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2016, 11, 40–47.
11. Van Cutsem, J.; Marcora, S.; De Pauw, K.; Bailey, S.; Meeusen, R.; Roelands, B. The effects of mental fatigue on physical performance: A systematic review. Sports Med. 2017, 47, 1569–1588.
12. Habay, J.; Van Cutsem, J.; Verschueren, J.; De Bock, S.; Proost, M.; De Wachter, J.; Tassignon, B.; Meeusen, R.; Roelands, B. Mental fatigue and sport-specific psychomotor performance: A systematic review. Sports Med. 2021.
13. Van Cutsem, J.; De Pauw, K.; Vandervaeren, C.; Marcora, S.; Meeusen, R.; Roelands, B. Mental fatigue impairs visuomotor response time in badminton players and controls. Psychol. Sport Exerc. 2019, 45, 1–8.
14. Le Mansec, Y.; Pageaux, B.; Nordez, A.; Dorel, S.; Jubeau, M. Mental fatigue alters the speed and the accuracy of the ball in table tennis. J. Sports Sci. 2018, 36, 2751–2759.
15. Pageaux, B.; Lepers, R. The effects of mental fatigue on sport-related performance. Prog. Brain Res. 2018, 240, 291–315.
16. Herlambang, M.B.; Cnossen, F.; Taatgen, N.A. The effects of intrinsic motivation on mental fatigue. PLoS ONE 2021, 16, e0243754.
17. Herlambang, M.B.; Taatgen, N.A.; Cnossen, F. The role of motivation as a factor in mental fatigue. Hum. Factors 2019, 61, 1171–1185.
18. Van Cutsem, J.; Roelands, B.; Pluym, B.; Tassignon, B.; Verschueren, J.O.; De Pauw, K.; Meeusen, R. Can creatine combat the mental fatigue-associated decrease in visuomotor skills? Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2020, 52, 120–130.
19. Curiel-Regueros, A.; Fernández-Lucas, J.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. Effectiveness of an applied high intensity interval training as a specific operative training. Physiol. Behav. 2019, 201, 208–211.
20. Van Cutsem, J.; Marcora, S. The effects of mental fatigue on sport performance. In Motivation and Self-Regulation in Sport and Exercise; Routledge: London, UK, 2021; pp. 134–148.
21. Alfonso, M.; Menayo, R. Induced variability during the tennis service practice affect the performance of every tennis player individually and specifically. Eur. J. Hum. Mov. 2019, 43, 86–101.
22. Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Delgado-Moreno, R.; González, B.; Ortega, J.; Ramos-Campo, D.J. Amateur endurance triathletes’ performance is improved independently of volume or intensity based training. Physiol. Behav. 2019, 205, 2–8.
23. Belinchón-deMiguel, P.; Ruisoto-Palomera, P.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. Psychophysiological stress response of a paralympic athlete during an Ultra-Endurance event. A case study. J. Med. Syst. 2019, 43, 70–74.
24. Belinchón-deMiguel, P.; Tornero-Aguilera, J.F.; Dalamitros, A.A.; Nikolaidis, P.T.; Rosemann, T.; Knechtle, B.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. Multidisciplinary analysis of differences between finisher and non-finisher ultra-endurance mountain athletes. Front. Psychol. 2019, 10, 1507.
25. Hormeño-Holgado, A.J.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. Effect of different combat jet manoeuvres in the psychophysiological response of professional pilots. Physiol. Behav. 2019, 208, 112559.
26. Tornero-Aguilera, J.F.; Gil-Cabrera, J.; Fernández-Lucas, J.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. The effect of experience on the psychophysiological response and shooting performance under acute physical stress of soldiers. Physiol. Behav. 2021, 238, 113489.
27. Fritz, C.; Morris, P.; Richler, J. Effect size estimates: Current use, calculations, and interpretation. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 2012, 141, 2–18.
28. Duffield, R.; Murphy, A.; Kellett, A.; Reid, M. Recovery from repeated on-court tennis sessions: Combining cold-water immersion, compression, and sleep interventions. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2014.
29. Suárez Rodríguez, D.; Del Valle Soto, M. A study of intensity, fatigue and precision in two specific interval trainings in young tennis players: High-intensity interval training versus intermittent interval training. BMJ Open Sport Exerc. Med. 2017, 3, e00250.
30. Smith, M.R.; Chai, R.; Nguyen, H.T.; Marcora, S.M.; Coutts, A.J. Comparing the effects of three cognitive tasks on indicators of mental fatigue. J. Psychol. Interdiscip. Appl. 2019, 153, 759–783.
31. McMorris, T. Cognitive fatigue effects on physical performance: The role of interoception. Sports Med. 2020, 50, 1703–1708.
32. McCormick, A.; Meijen, C.; Marcora, S. Psychological determinants of whole-body endurance performance. Sports Med. 2015, 45, 997–1015.
33. Russell, S.; Jenkins, D.; Rynne, S.; Halson, S.L.; Kelly, V. What is mental fatigue in elite sport? Perceptions from athletes and staff. Eur. J. Sport Sci. 2019, 19, 1367–1376.
34. Ishii, A.; Tanaka, M.; Watanabe, Y. Neural mechanisms of mental fatigue. Rev. Neurosci. 2014, 25, 469–479.
35. Filipas, L.; Martin, K.; Northey, J.M.; La Torre, A.; Keegan, R.; Rattray, B. A 4-week endurance training program improves tolerance to mental exertion in untrained individuals. J. Sci. Med. Sport 2020, 23, 1215–1219.
36. O’Keeffe, K.; Hodder, S.; Lloyd, A. A comparison of methods used for inducing mental fatigue in performance research: Individualised, dual-task and short duration cognitive tests are most effective. Ergonomics 2020, 63, 1–12.
37. Ferreira-Junior, A.; Chierotti, P.; Gabardo, J.M.; Giovanini, B.; Okano, A.H.; Buzzachera, C.F.; Okazaki, V.H.A.; Okuno, N.M.; Altimari, L.R. Residual effects of mental fatigue on subjective fatigue, reaction time and cardiac responses. J. Sport Psychol. 2020, 29, 27–34.
38. Brown, D.M.Y.; Bray, S.R. Effects of mental fatigue on exercise intentions and behavior. Ann. Behav. Med. 2019, 53, 405–414.
39. Lopes, T.R.; Oliveira, D.M.; Simurro, P.B.; Akiba, H.T.; Nakamura, F.Y.; Okano, A.H.; Dias, Á.M.; Silva, B.M. No sex difference in mental fatigue effect on high-level runners’ aerobic performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2020.
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spelling Fuentes García, Juan PedroGarcía Díaz, JesúsLópez Gajardo, Miguel ÁngelClemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier2021-08-20T13:56:59Z2021-08-20T13:56:59Z2021-072071-1050https://hdl.handle.net/11323/856310.3390/su13147717Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Background: The importance of the serve in tennis players' performance is well known but no previous studies have analyzed the effects of both physical and cognitive fatigue on the speed and accuracy of the serve. This study analyzed the effect of a High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) with and without cognitive load on serve speed and accuracy, spirometry, and strength manifestation. Methods: 32 recreational players (25 men and 7 women; aged 21.40 +/- 1.52 years) performed a HIIT and a HIIT with a Stroop in recovery phases before performing a series of tennis services. Speed and accuracy of the services, spirometry, and strength manifestations were registered. Results: The main findings of the study showed that strength manifestations and spirometry were not affected by either protocol. A decrease in serve speed was observed in both protocols (p < 0.001) but service accuracy did not show impairments (p = 0.66). Conclusion: A combination of physical and mental fatigue may decrease serve speed but will not affect strength manifestations or spirometry negatively. These results could be caused by a response of the central nervous system to maintain the accuracy of the ball in presence of fatigueFuentes García, Juan Pedro-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-8299-1092-600García Díaz, Jesús-will be generated-orcid-0000-0003-4441-4670-600López Gajardo, Miguel Ángel-will be generated-orcid-0000-0001-8364-7632-600Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-2397-2801-600application/pdfengSUSTAINABILITYCC0 1.0 Universalhttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2physical fatiguecognitive fatiguemental fatiguetennis service performanceEffects of Combined HIIT and Stroop on Strength Manifestations, Serve Speed and Accuracy in Recreational Tennis PlayersArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/14/7717https://ezproxy.cuc.edu.co:2080/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:0006770421000011. Menayo, R.; Fuentes García, J.; Moreno Hernández, F.; Clemente, R.; García Calvo, T. Relación entre la velocidad de la pelota y la precisión en el servicio plano en tenis en jugadores de perfeccionamiento. Eur. J. Hum. Mov. 2008, 21, 17–30.2. O’Donoghe, G.P.; Brown, E. The importance of service in Grand Slam singles tennis. Int. J. Perform. Anal. Sport 2008, 8, 70–78.3. Fett, J.; Ulbricht, A.; Ferrauti, A. Impact of physical performance and anthropometric characteristics on serve velocity in elite junior tennis players. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2020, 34, 192–202.4. Wang, L.H.; Lo, K.C.; Su, F.C. Skill level and forearm muscle fatigue effects on ball speed in tennis serve. Sports Biomech. 2019, 1, 1–12.5. Poire, B.; Killen, L.G.; Green, J.M.; O’Neal, E.K.; Renfroe, L.G. Effects of caffeine on tennis serve accuracy. Int. J. Exerc. Sci. 2019, 12, 1290–1301.6. Menayo, R.; Sabido, R.; Fuentes, J.P.; Moreno, F.J.; García, J.A. Simultaneous treatment effects in learning four tennis shots in contextual interference conditions. Percept. Mot. Skills 2010, 110, 661–673.7. Maquirriain, J.; Baglione, R.; Cardey, M. Male professional tennis players maintain constant serve speed and accuracy over long matches on grass courts. Eur. J. Sport Sci. 2016, 16, 845–849.8. Menayo, R.; Moreno Hernández, F.; Fuentes García, J.P.; Damas Arroyo, J. Relationship between motor variability, accuracy, and ball speed in the tennis serve. J. Hum. Kinet. 2012, 33, 45–53.9. Terraza-Rebollo, M.; Baiget, E. Effects of postactivation potentiation on tennis serve velocity and accuracy. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2020, 1, 1–6.10. Murphy, A.P.; Duffield, R.; Kellett, A.; Reid, M. A comparison of the perceptual and technical demands of tennis training, simulated match play, and competitive tournaments. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2016, 11, 40–47.11. Van Cutsem, J.; Marcora, S.; De Pauw, K.; Bailey, S.; Meeusen, R.; Roelands, B. The effects of mental fatigue on physical performance: A systematic review. Sports Med. 2017, 47, 1569–1588.12. Habay, J.; Van Cutsem, J.; Verschueren, J.; De Bock, S.; Proost, M.; De Wachter, J.; Tassignon, B.; Meeusen, R.; Roelands, B. Mental fatigue and sport-specific psychomotor performance: A systematic review. Sports Med. 2021.13. Van Cutsem, J.; De Pauw, K.; Vandervaeren, C.; Marcora, S.; Meeusen, R.; Roelands, B. Mental fatigue impairs visuomotor response time in badminton players and controls. Psychol. Sport Exerc. 2019, 45, 1–8.14. Le Mansec, Y.; Pageaux, B.; Nordez, A.; Dorel, S.; Jubeau, M. Mental fatigue alters the speed and the accuracy of the ball in table tennis. J. Sports Sci. 2018, 36, 2751–2759.15. Pageaux, B.; Lepers, R. The effects of mental fatigue on sport-related performance. Prog. Brain Res. 2018, 240, 291–315.16. Herlambang, M.B.; Cnossen, F.; Taatgen, N.A. The effects of intrinsic motivation on mental fatigue. PLoS ONE 2021, 16, e0243754.17. Herlambang, M.B.; Taatgen, N.A.; Cnossen, F. The role of motivation as a factor in mental fatigue. Hum. Factors 2019, 61, 1171–1185.18. Van Cutsem, J.; Roelands, B.; Pluym, B.; Tassignon, B.; Verschueren, J.O.; De Pauw, K.; Meeusen, R. Can creatine combat the mental fatigue-associated decrease in visuomotor skills? Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2020, 52, 120–130.19. Curiel-Regueros, A.; Fernández-Lucas, J.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. Effectiveness of an applied high intensity interval training as a specific operative training. Physiol. Behav. 2019, 201, 208–211.20. Van Cutsem, J.; Marcora, S. The effects of mental fatigue on sport performance. In Motivation and Self-Regulation in Sport and Exercise; Routledge: London, UK, 2021; pp. 134–148.21. Alfonso, M.; Menayo, R. Induced variability during the tennis service practice affect the performance of every tennis player individually and specifically. Eur. J. Hum. Mov. 2019, 43, 86–101.22. Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Delgado-Moreno, R.; González, B.; Ortega, J.; Ramos-Campo, D.J. Amateur endurance triathletes’ performance is improved independently of volume or intensity based training. Physiol. Behav. 2019, 205, 2–8.23. Belinchón-deMiguel, P.; Ruisoto-Palomera, P.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. Psychophysiological stress response of a paralympic athlete during an Ultra-Endurance event. A case study. J. Med. Syst. 2019, 43, 70–74.24. Belinchón-deMiguel, P.; Tornero-Aguilera, J.F.; Dalamitros, A.A.; Nikolaidis, P.T.; Rosemann, T.; Knechtle, B.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. Multidisciplinary analysis of differences between finisher and non-finisher ultra-endurance mountain athletes. Front. Psychol. 2019, 10, 1507.25. Hormeño-Holgado, A.J.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. Effect of different combat jet manoeuvres in the psychophysiological response of professional pilots. Physiol. Behav. 2019, 208, 112559.26. Tornero-Aguilera, J.F.; Gil-Cabrera, J.; Fernández-Lucas, J.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. The effect of experience on the psychophysiological response and shooting performance under acute physical stress of soldiers. Physiol. Behav. 2021, 238, 113489.27. Fritz, C.; Morris, P.; Richler, J. Effect size estimates: Current use, calculations, and interpretation. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 2012, 141, 2–18.28. Duffield, R.; Murphy, A.; Kellett, A.; Reid, M. Recovery from repeated on-court tennis sessions: Combining cold-water immersion, compression, and sleep interventions. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2014.29. Suárez Rodríguez, D.; Del Valle Soto, M. A study of intensity, fatigue and precision in two specific interval trainings in young tennis players: High-intensity interval training versus intermittent interval training. BMJ Open Sport Exerc. Med. 2017, 3, e00250.30. Smith, M.R.; Chai, R.; Nguyen, H.T.; Marcora, S.M.; Coutts, A.J. Comparing the effects of three cognitive tasks on indicators of mental fatigue. J. Psychol. Interdiscip. Appl. 2019, 153, 759–783.31. McMorris, T. Cognitive fatigue effects on physical performance: The role of interoception. Sports Med. 2020, 50, 1703–1708.32. McCormick, A.; Meijen, C.; Marcora, S. Psychological determinants of whole-body endurance performance. Sports Med. 2015, 45, 997–1015.33. Russell, S.; Jenkins, D.; Rynne, S.; Halson, S.L.; Kelly, V. What is mental fatigue in elite sport? Perceptions from athletes and staff. Eur. J. Sport Sci. 2019, 19, 1367–1376.34. Ishii, A.; Tanaka, M.; Watanabe, Y. Neural mechanisms of mental fatigue. Rev. Neurosci. 2014, 25, 469–479.35. Filipas, L.; Martin, K.; Northey, J.M.; La Torre, A.; Keegan, R.; Rattray, B. A 4-week endurance training program improves tolerance to mental exertion in untrained individuals. J. Sci. Med. Sport 2020, 23, 1215–1219.36. O’Keeffe, K.; Hodder, S.; Lloyd, A. A comparison of methods used for inducing mental fatigue in performance research: Individualised, dual-task and short duration cognitive tests are most effective. Ergonomics 2020, 63, 1–12.37. Ferreira-Junior, A.; Chierotti, P.; Gabardo, J.M.; Giovanini, B.; Okano, A.H.; Buzzachera, C.F.; Okazaki, V.H.A.; Okuno, N.M.; Altimari, L.R. Residual effects of mental fatigue on subjective fatigue, reaction time and cardiac responses. J. Sport Psychol. 2020, 29, 27–34.38. Brown, D.M.Y.; Bray, S.R. Effects of mental fatigue on exercise intentions and behavior. Ann. Behav. Med. 2019, 53, 405–414.39. Lopes, T.R.; Oliveira, D.M.; Simurro, P.B.; Akiba, H.T.; Nakamura, F.Y.; Okano, A.H.; Dias, Á.M.; Silva, B.M. No sex difference in mental fatigue effect on high-level runners’ aerobic performance. Med. Sci. 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