Atmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica
The advanced microscopic (AM) analyses of mosaics and mortars from ancient construction have been studied for millennia in several Roman buildings in Europe. The geochemical characteristics of mosaics and mortars in Italica, Spain, were composed of amorphous and crystalline raw materials. Applied AM...
- Autores:
-
Silva, Marcos Leandro
Tutikian, Bernardo
Milanes, Celene B.
Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe
- Tipo de recurso:
- http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_816b
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2019
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/5814
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/5814
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Air contaminations
Historical building
Roman construction impacts
Natural and anthropogenic degradations
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- CC0 1.0 Universal
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oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/5814 |
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|
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Atmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica |
title |
Atmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica |
spellingShingle |
Atmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica Air contaminations Historical building Roman construction impacts Natural and anthropogenic degradations |
title_short |
Atmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica |
title_full |
Atmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica |
title_fullStr |
Atmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica |
title_full_unstemmed |
Atmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica |
title_sort |
Atmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Silva, Marcos Leandro Tutikian, Bernardo Milanes, Celene B. Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe |
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Silva, Marcos Leandro Tutikian, Bernardo Milanes, Celene B. Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe |
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
Air contaminations Historical building Roman construction impacts Natural and anthropogenic degradations |
topic |
Air contaminations Historical building Roman construction impacts Natural and anthropogenic degradations |
description |
The advanced microscopic (AM) analyses of mosaics and mortars from ancient construction have been studied for millennia in several Roman buildings in Europe. The geochemical characteristics of mosaics and mortars in Italica, Spain, were composed of amorphous and crystalline raw materials. Applied AM and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of different mosaics and mortars were carried out to observe the occurrence of natural and anthropogenic phases with organic and inorganic hazardous compounds. The results revealed a broad range of particles (micro-to nano-scale) including coarse (2.5–10 μm), fine (0.1–2.5 μm), and ultrafine ones (<0.1 μm), down to a few nanometers, as measured on electron microscope images. The particles occur typically in the form of aggregates, even in the ultrafine scale. Single, i.e., non-agglomerated particles are more common in the ultrafine fraction than at larger sizes. Geochemical studies of the samples showed that high proportions of aluminum, calcium, iron, potassium, silicon, and titanium yielded high standards of cementation manifestations. In addition, it was confirmed in this study that many of the mosaics blanketed by land remained unchanged; however, when the soil was removed, such mosaics began to undergo changes, mainly by weathering and atmospheric contamination. Several materials identified by XRD can also be detected using a highresolution transmission electron microscopy (H-TEM)/field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and vice versa. The occurrence of minerals containing potential hazardous elements (PHEs) and several associated organic compounds due to the modification caused by moisture and pollution was also demonstrated. The results offered important information about the building materials that were used to meet the mechanical requirements of the buildings. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-03-01 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-01-14T19:24:02Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-01-14T19:24:02Z |
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Pre-Publicación |
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_816b |
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint |
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTOTR |
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_816b |
status_str |
acceptedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/5814 |
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/5814 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
identifier_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv |
CC0 1.0 Universal |
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ |
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
CC0 1.0 Universal http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad de la Costa |
institution |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
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Silva, Marcos LeandroTutikian, BernardoMilanes, Celene B.Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe2020-01-14T19:24:02Z2020-01-14T19:24:02Z2019-03-01https://hdl.handle.net/11323/5814Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/The advanced microscopic (AM) analyses of mosaics and mortars from ancient construction have been studied for millennia in several Roman buildings in Europe. The geochemical characteristics of mosaics and mortars in Italica, Spain, were composed of amorphous and crystalline raw materials. Applied AM and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of different mosaics and mortars were carried out to observe the occurrence of natural and anthropogenic phases with organic and inorganic hazardous compounds. The results revealed a broad range of particles (micro-to nano-scale) including coarse (2.5–10 μm), fine (0.1–2.5 μm), and ultrafine ones (<0.1 μm), down to a few nanometers, as measured on electron microscope images. The particles occur typically in the form of aggregates, even in the ultrafine scale. Single, i.e., non-agglomerated particles are more common in the ultrafine fraction than at larger sizes. Geochemical studies of the samples showed that high proportions of aluminum, calcium, iron, potassium, silicon, and titanium yielded high standards of cementation manifestations. In addition, it was confirmed in this study that many of the mosaics blanketed by land remained unchanged; however, when the soil was removed, such mosaics began to undergo changes, mainly by weathering and atmospheric contamination. Several materials identified by XRD can also be detected using a highresolution transmission electron microscopy (H-TEM)/field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and vice versa. The occurrence of minerals containing potential hazardous elements (PHEs) and several associated organic compounds due to the modification caused by moisture and pollution was also demonstrated. The results offered important information about the building materials that were used to meet the mechanical requirements of the buildings.Silva, Marcos Leandro-will be generated-orcid-0000-0001-6044-8737-600Tutikian, Bernardo-will be generated-orcid-0000-0003-1319-0547-600Milanes, Celene B.-will be generated-orcid-0000-0003-2560-8859-600Silva Oliveira, Luis FelipeengUniversidad de la CostaCC0 1.0 Universalhttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Air contaminationsHistorical buildingRoman construction impactsNatural and anthropogenic degradationsAtmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of ItalicaPre-Publicaciónhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_816bTextinfo:eu-repo/semantics/preprinthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTOTRinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionPublicationLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/483415f8-8a09-4f4e-a529-54e584086bb6/download8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD53ORIGINALAtmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica.pdfAtmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica.pdfapplication/pdf541684https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/5da4a0bb-23dd-4da2-92bf-1981be3b5ec2/download8feb591596a02ec4c1303ba9291d275cMD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8701https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/042e6924-bc91-420c-8f00-e36724f52d76/download42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708cMD52THUMBNAILAtmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica.pdf.jpgAtmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg59982https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/fe998ece-8d36-49d1-803b-d094209cf718/download651267c7b5a3b49d72333e33b4de3edbMD55TEXTAtmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica.pdf.txtAtmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica.pdf.txttext/plain2197https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/765a5ada-e2d3-4c23-9c27-121109edcc32/download22642ae62ddb737c1cb1b02c2e1ed1a8MD5611323/5814oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/58142024-09-17 14:05:48.903http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/CC0 1.0 Universalopen.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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 |