Atmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica

The advanced microscopic (AM) analyses of mosaics and mortars from ancient construction have been studied for millennia in several Roman buildings in Europe. The geochemical characteristics of mosaics and mortars in Italica, Spain, were composed of amorphous and crystalline raw materials. Applied AM...

Full description

Autores:
Silva, Marcos Leandro
Tutikian, Bernardo
Milanes, Celene B.
Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe
Tipo de recurso:
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_816b
Fecha de publicación:
2019
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/5814
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/5814
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Air contaminations
Historical building
Roman construction impacts
Natural and anthropogenic degradations
Rights
openAccess
License
CC0 1.0 Universal
id RCUC2_d33e4df884373105bec7121b9e93f1e9
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/5814
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Atmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica
title Atmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica
spellingShingle Atmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica
Air contaminations
Historical building
Roman construction impacts
Natural and anthropogenic degradations
title_short Atmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica
title_full Atmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica
title_fullStr Atmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica
title_full_unstemmed Atmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica
title_sort Atmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Silva, Marcos Leandro
Tutikian, Bernardo
Milanes, Celene B.
Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Silva, Marcos Leandro
Tutikian, Bernardo
Milanes, Celene B.
Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Air contaminations
Historical building
Roman construction impacts
Natural and anthropogenic degradations
topic Air contaminations
Historical building
Roman construction impacts
Natural and anthropogenic degradations
description The advanced microscopic (AM) analyses of mosaics and mortars from ancient construction have been studied for millennia in several Roman buildings in Europe. The geochemical characteristics of mosaics and mortars in Italica, Spain, were composed of amorphous and crystalline raw materials. Applied AM and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of different mosaics and mortars were carried out to observe the occurrence of natural and anthropogenic phases with organic and inorganic hazardous compounds. The results revealed a broad range of particles (micro-to nano-scale) including coarse (2.5–10 μm), fine (0.1–2.5 μm), and ultrafine ones (<0.1 μm), down to a few nanometers, as measured on electron microscope images. The particles occur typically in the form of aggregates, even in the ultrafine scale. Single, i.e., non-agglomerated particles are more common in the ultrafine fraction than at larger sizes. Geochemical studies of the samples showed that high proportions of aluminum, calcium, iron, potassium, silicon, and titanium yielded high standards of cementation manifestations. In addition, it was confirmed in this study that many of the mosaics blanketed by land remained unchanged; however, when the soil was removed, such mosaics began to undergo changes, mainly by weathering and atmospheric contamination. Several materials identified by XRD can also be detected using a highresolution transmission electron microscopy (H-TEM)/field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and vice versa. The occurrence of minerals containing potential hazardous elements (PHEs) and several associated organic compounds due to the modification caused by moisture and pollution was also demonstrated. The results offered important information about the building materials that were used to meet the mechanical requirements of the buildings.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2019-03-01
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2020-01-14T19:24:02Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2020-01-14T19:24:02Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Pre-Publicación
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_816b
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint
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dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
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status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/5814
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/5814
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv CC0 1.0 Universal
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eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad de la Costa
institution Corporación Universidad de la Costa
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spelling Silva, Marcos LeandroTutikian, BernardoMilanes, Celene B.Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe2020-01-14T19:24:02Z2020-01-14T19:24:02Z2019-03-01https://hdl.handle.net/11323/5814Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/The advanced microscopic (AM) analyses of mosaics and mortars from ancient construction have been studied for millennia in several Roman buildings in Europe. The geochemical characteristics of mosaics and mortars in Italica, Spain, were composed of amorphous and crystalline raw materials. Applied AM and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of different mosaics and mortars were carried out to observe the occurrence of natural and anthropogenic phases with organic and inorganic hazardous compounds. The results revealed a broad range of particles (micro-to nano-scale) including coarse (2.5–10 μm), fine (0.1–2.5 μm), and ultrafine ones (<0.1 μm), down to a few nanometers, as measured on electron microscope images. The particles occur typically in the form of aggregates, even in the ultrafine scale. Single, i.e., non-agglomerated particles are more common in the ultrafine fraction than at larger sizes. Geochemical studies of the samples showed that high proportions of aluminum, calcium, iron, potassium, silicon, and titanium yielded high standards of cementation manifestations. In addition, it was confirmed in this study that many of the mosaics blanketed by land remained unchanged; however, when the soil was removed, such mosaics began to undergo changes, mainly by weathering and atmospheric contamination. Several materials identified by XRD can also be detected using a highresolution transmission electron microscopy (H-TEM)/field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and vice versa. The occurrence of minerals containing potential hazardous elements (PHEs) and several associated organic compounds due to the modification caused by moisture and pollution was also demonstrated. The results offered important information about the building materials that were used to meet the mechanical requirements of the buildings.Silva, Marcos Leandro-will be generated-orcid-0000-0001-6044-8737-600Tutikian, Bernardo-will be generated-orcid-0000-0003-1319-0547-600Milanes, Celene B.-will be generated-orcid-0000-0003-2560-8859-600Silva Oliveira, Luis FelipeengUniversidad de la CostaCC0 1.0 Universalhttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Air contaminationsHistorical buildingRoman construction impactsNatural and anthropogenic degradationsAtmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of ItalicaPre-Publicaciónhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_816bTextinfo:eu-repo/semantics/preprinthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTOTRinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionPublicationLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/483415f8-8a09-4f4e-a529-54e584086bb6/download8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD53ORIGINALAtmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica.pdfAtmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica.pdfapplication/pdf541684https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/5da4a0bb-23dd-4da2-92bf-1981be3b5ec2/download8feb591596a02ec4c1303ba9291d275cMD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8701https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/042e6924-bc91-420c-8f00-e36724f52d76/download42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708cMD52THUMBNAILAtmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica.pdf.jpgAtmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg59982https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/fe998ece-8d36-49d1-803b-d094209cf718/download651267c7b5a3b49d72333e33b4de3edbMD55TEXTAtmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica.pdf.txtAtmospheric contaminations and bad conservation effects in Roman mosaics and mortars of Italica.pdf.txttext/plain2197https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/765a5ada-e2d3-4c23-9c27-121109edcc32/download22642ae62ddb737c1cb1b02c2e1ed1a8MD5611323/5814oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/58142024-09-17 14:05:48.903http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/CC0 1.0 Universalopen.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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