Application of O3 and O3 /H2 O2 for post-treatment of Horizontal-Flow Anaerobic Immobilized Biomass (HAIB) effluent, treating hospital wastewater
Introducción— En los últimos años, se ha incrementado la atención a la presencia de “contaminantes emergentes” en aguas residuales urbanas, industriales y cuerpos de agua superficial. En la mayoría de los casos, estas sustancias, corresponden a contaminantes que aún no ha sido reglamentados a nivel...
- Autores:
-
Chaparro, Tatiana R
Rueda-Bayona, Juan Gabriel
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/10263
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10263
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Oxidación avanzada
Biodegradabilidad
Compuestos emergentes
Efluentes hospitalarios
Advanced oxidation
Biodegradability
Emerging compounds
Hospital effluents
Realccitrance
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
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| dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Application of O3 and O3 /H2 O2 for post-treatment of Horizontal-Flow Anaerobic Immobilized Biomass (HAIB) effluent, treating hospital wastewater |
| dc.title.translated.none.fl_str_mv |
Aplicación de O3 y O3 /H2 O2 como postratamiento del efluente de un reactor anaerobio de flujo horizontal y Biomasa Inmovilizada De Flujo Horizontal (RAFABI) tratando aguas residuales hospitalarias |
| title |
Application of O3 and O3 /H2 O2 for post-treatment of Horizontal-Flow Anaerobic Immobilized Biomass (HAIB) effluent, treating hospital wastewater |
| spellingShingle |
Application of O3 and O3 /H2 O2 for post-treatment of Horizontal-Flow Anaerobic Immobilized Biomass (HAIB) effluent, treating hospital wastewater Oxidación avanzada Biodegradabilidad Compuestos emergentes Efluentes hospitalarios Advanced oxidation Biodegradability Emerging compounds Hospital effluents Realccitrance |
| title_short |
Application of O3 and O3 /H2 O2 for post-treatment of Horizontal-Flow Anaerobic Immobilized Biomass (HAIB) effluent, treating hospital wastewater |
| title_full |
Application of O3 and O3 /H2 O2 for post-treatment of Horizontal-Flow Anaerobic Immobilized Biomass (HAIB) effluent, treating hospital wastewater |
| title_fullStr |
Application of O3 and O3 /H2 O2 for post-treatment of Horizontal-Flow Anaerobic Immobilized Biomass (HAIB) effluent, treating hospital wastewater |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Application of O3 and O3 /H2 O2 for post-treatment of Horizontal-Flow Anaerobic Immobilized Biomass (HAIB) effluent, treating hospital wastewater |
| title_sort |
Application of O3 and O3 /H2 O2 for post-treatment of Horizontal-Flow Anaerobic Immobilized Biomass (HAIB) effluent, treating hospital wastewater |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Chaparro, Tatiana R Rueda-Bayona, Juan Gabriel |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Chaparro, Tatiana R Rueda-Bayona, Juan Gabriel |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Oxidación avanzada Biodegradabilidad Compuestos emergentes Efluentes hospitalarios |
| topic |
Oxidación avanzada Biodegradabilidad Compuestos emergentes Efluentes hospitalarios Advanced oxidation Biodegradability Emerging compounds Hospital effluents Realccitrance |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Advanced oxidation Biodegradability Emerging compounds Hospital effluents Realccitrance |
| description |
Introducción— En los últimos años, se ha incrementado la atención a la presencia de “contaminantes emergentes” en aguas residuales urbanas, industriales y cuerpos de agua superficial. En la mayoría de los casos, estas sustancias, corresponden a contaminantes que aún no ha sido reglamentados a nivel nacional por las autoridades ambientales. Los hospitales son considerados como la mayor fuente de estos compuestos, resultado de diferentes actividades. No existe en la actualidad un consenso sobre cuál o cuáles son los tratamientos adecuados para tratar las aguas residuales que contienen estos compuestos. En general, los procesos biológicos convencionales por sí solos no alcanzan a cumplir con los valores de los límites de descarga, siendo necesario aplicar postratamientos como los Procesos de Oxidación Avanzada (POA), conocidos como una tecnología apropiada no sólo por aumentar la biodegradabilidad de los compuestos recalcitrantes, sino también por contribuir con la remoción de ciertas sustancias que son difíciles de tratar en un proceso biológico. Objetivo— Por tal razón, en este estudio se evaluó la aplicación de Ozono (O3 ) y O3/H2O2 al efluente de un Reactor Anaerobio de Flujo Horizontal y Biomasa Inmovilizada (RAFABI). Metodología— Los oxidantes fueron aplicados en un reactor de vidrio de borosilicato tipo batch en escala de laboratorio. El tiempo de reacción fue de 60 min y se tomaron muestras a intervalos de 15 min. Para evaluar el desempeño del tratamiento se midieron parámetros tales como la absorbancia a una longitud de onda de UV254, la relación de biodegradabilidad expresada como DQO/DBO5, y el color como VIS436. Todas las muestras fueron analizadas por duplicado. Resultados— Los resultados mostraron que la aplicación de O3 y O3/H2O2 produjeron un incremento en la biodegradabilidad del 25% y del 67% respectivamente. En relación con el color, se observó una eficiencia del 85 % para el Ozono y el 100 % para el O3/H2O2. Adicionalmente, los dos POA aplicados también mostraron ser efectivos para remover orgánicos aromáticos medidos como UV254, para lo cual se obtuvieron remociones entre el 40% y 50% de UV254. Conclusiones— Finalmente, es importante mencionar que la aplicación de procesos de oxidación avanzada como postratamiento de efluentes anaerobios, aumentan la biodegradabilidad principalmente por la transformación que sufren los compuestos recalcitrantes. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
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2021 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-06-23T22:20:49Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-06-23T22:20:49Z |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
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Text |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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T. R. Chaparro & J. Rueda-Bayona, “Application of O3 and O3 /H2O2 for post-treatment of horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) effluent, treating hospital wastewater”, INGE CUC, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 115–124, 2021. DOI: http://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.17.2.2021.11 |
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0122-6517 |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10263 |
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10.17981/ingecuc.17.2.2021.11 |
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2382-4700 |
| dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
| dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
REDICUC – Repositorio CUC |
| dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
| identifier_str_mv |
T. R. Chaparro & J. Rueda-Bayona, “Application of O3 and O3 /H2O2 for post-treatment of horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) effluent, treating hospital wastewater”, INGE CUC, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 115–124, 2021. DOI: http://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.17.2.2021.11 0122-6517 10.17981/ingecuc.17.2.2021.11 2382-4700 Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC – Repositorio CUC |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10263 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
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eng |
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eng |
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INGE CUC |
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)Derechos de autor 2021 INGE CUChttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Chaparro, Tatiana Ra6cd471827569b157156f5c6b8e35f37600Rueda-Bayona, Juan Gabriel666a29c3d5c70b83975231350b78cfde6002023-06-23T22:20:49Z2023-06-23T22:20:49Z2021T. R. Chaparro & J. Rueda-Bayona, “Application of O3 and O3 /H2O2 for post-treatment of horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) effluent, treating hospital wastewater”, INGE CUC, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 115–124, 2021. DOI: http://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.17.2.2021.110122-6517https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1026310.17981/ingecuc.17.2.2021.112382-4700Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC – Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Introducción— En los últimos años, se ha incrementado la atención a la presencia de “contaminantes emergentes” en aguas residuales urbanas, industriales y cuerpos de agua superficial. En la mayoría de los casos, estas sustancias, corresponden a contaminantes que aún no ha sido reglamentados a nivel nacional por las autoridades ambientales. Los hospitales son considerados como la mayor fuente de estos compuestos, resultado de diferentes actividades. No existe en la actualidad un consenso sobre cuál o cuáles son los tratamientos adecuados para tratar las aguas residuales que contienen estos compuestos. En general, los procesos biológicos convencionales por sí solos no alcanzan a cumplir con los valores de los límites de descarga, siendo necesario aplicar postratamientos como los Procesos de Oxidación Avanzada (POA), conocidos como una tecnología apropiada no sólo por aumentar la biodegradabilidad de los compuestos recalcitrantes, sino también por contribuir con la remoción de ciertas sustancias que son difíciles de tratar en un proceso biológico. Objetivo— Por tal razón, en este estudio se evaluó la aplicación de Ozono (O3 ) y O3/H2O2 al efluente de un Reactor Anaerobio de Flujo Horizontal y Biomasa Inmovilizada (RAFABI). Metodología— Los oxidantes fueron aplicados en un reactor de vidrio de borosilicato tipo batch en escala de laboratorio. El tiempo de reacción fue de 60 min y se tomaron muestras a intervalos de 15 min. Para evaluar el desempeño del tratamiento se midieron parámetros tales como la absorbancia a una longitud de onda de UV254, la relación de biodegradabilidad expresada como DQO/DBO5, y el color como VIS436. Todas las muestras fueron analizadas por duplicado. Resultados— Los resultados mostraron que la aplicación de O3 y O3/H2O2 produjeron un incremento en la biodegradabilidad del 25% y del 67% respectivamente. En relación con el color, se observó una eficiencia del 85 % para el Ozono y el 100 % para el O3/H2O2. Adicionalmente, los dos POA aplicados también mostraron ser efectivos para remover orgánicos aromáticos medidos como UV254, para lo cual se obtuvieron remociones entre el 40% y 50% de UV254. Conclusiones— Finalmente, es importante mencionar que la aplicación de procesos de oxidación avanzada como postratamiento de efluentes anaerobios, aumentan la biodegradabilidad principalmente por la transformación que sufren los compuestos recalcitrantes.Introduction— In recent years, the “emerging pollutants” in urban, industrial, and surface water bodies have called the attention worldwide. In many cases, these substances correspond to pollutants that have not been yet regulated by the environmental authorities. Hospitals are considered the main source of these contaminants as a result of different activities. However, there is no consensus about the appropriate treatments for removing this kind of pollutants in the wastewaters; independent conventional biological processes do not reach the desirable values of discharge limits. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) are known as an appropriate technology, not only to improve the biodegradability of recalcitrant compounds, but also to contribute to the removal of certain substances that are difficult to treat during the biological process. Objective— Thus, this study evaluated the application of O3z and O3 /H2O2 to the effluent of an Anaerobic Horizontal Flow Reactor and Immobilized Biomass (HAIB). Methodology— The oxidizers were applied in a labscale batch borosilicate glass reactor. The reaction time was 60 min and samples were taken at intervals of 15 min. Parameters such as absorbance at UV254, biodegradability ratio expressed as COD/BOD5, and color as VIS436 were measured. All samples were analyzed in duplicate. Results— The results showed that the application of Ozone and O3/H2O2 results in an increase in the biodegradability of 25% and 67% respectively. Concerning color, an efficiency of 85 % for Ozone and 100 % for O3 /H2O2 was observed. Besides, the AOPs applied also showed their effectiveness in removing aromatic organics, removing 40% to 50% of UV254. Conclusions— Finally, it is important to mention that the application of advanced oxidation processes as a posttreatment of anaerobic effluents increases biodegradability mainly due to the transformation suffered by recalcitrant compounds.10 páginasapplication/pdfengCorporación Universidad de la CostaColombiahttps://revistascientificas.cuc.edu.co/ingecuc/article/view/3425Application of O3 and O3 /H2 O2 for post-treatment of Horizontal-Flow Anaerobic Immobilized Biomass (HAIB) effluent, treating hospital wastewaterAplicación de O3 y O3 /H2 O2 como postratamiento del efluente de un reactor anaerobio de flujo horizontal y Biomasa Inmovilizada De Flujo Horizontal (RAFABI) tratando aguas residuales hospitalariasArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85INGE CUC[1] A. 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corporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
 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