Statistical modeling of compressive strength of hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete—HFRC
The incorporation of reinforcements is a necessity to compensate for the deficiency that concrete presents with its fragile behavior and low deformation capacity. One of the solutions to improve tensile performance is the addition of fiber in random distributions throughout the volume. However, this...
- Autores:
-
de Medeiros Quinino, Uziel Cavalcanti
Christ, Roberto
Tutikian, Bernardo
Pinto da Silva, Luis Carlos
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/10743
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10743
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete
Fibers hybridization
Performance
Compressive strength
Steel fiber
Polypropylene fiber
Carbon fiber
Fiber content
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Statistical modeling of compressive strength of hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete—HFRC |
title |
Statistical modeling of compressive strength of hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete—HFRC |
spellingShingle |
Statistical modeling of compressive strength of hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete—HFRC Hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete Fibers hybridization Performance Compressive strength Steel fiber Polypropylene fiber Carbon fiber Fiber content |
title_short |
Statistical modeling of compressive strength of hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete—HFRC |
title_full |
Statistical modeling of compressive strength of hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete—HFRC |
title_fullStr |
Statistical modeling of compressive strength of hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete—HFRC |
title_full_unstemmed |
Statistical modeling of compressive strength of hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete—HFRC |
title_sort |
Statistical modeling of compressive strength of hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete—HFRC |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
de Medeiros Quinino, Uziel Cavalcanti Christ, Roberto Tutikian, Bernardo Pinto da Silva, Luis Carlos |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
de Medeiros Quinino, Uziel Cavalcanti Christ, Roberto Tutikian, Bernardo Pinto da Silva, Luis Carlos |
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete Fibers hybridization Performance Compressive strength Steel fiber Polypropylene fiber Carbon fiber Fiber content |
topic |
Hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete Fibers hybridization Performance Compressive strength Steel fiber Polypropylene fiber Carbon fiber Fiber content |
description |
The incorporation of reinforcements is a necessity to compensate for the deficiency that concrete presents with its fragile behavior and low deformation capacity. One of the solutions to improve tensile performance is the addition of fiber in random distributions throughout the volume. However, this strategy can compromise the compressive strength of concrete; consequently, the purpose of this study was to analyze the compressive strength of conventional concrete with hybrid fiber reinforcement. A behavioral equation of compressive strength as a function of the hybridization of three types of fibers (steel, polypropylene, and carbon) was determined. This equation accounted for the proportions, as well as the binary and tertiary combinations, of fibers. Results showed that the effective participation of metallic fibers and their combination with synthetic fibers contributed positively to the performance of fiber-reinforced concrete. The gain in axial compression strength reached values in the range of 10% to 19% depending on the content of total fibers and their combination, without problems in the production process. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-07-27 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-02-20T17:44:04Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-02-20T17:44:04Z |
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
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dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv |
Quinino, U.C.d.M.; Christ, R.; Tutikian, B.F.; Silva, L.C.P.d. Statistical Modeling of Compressive Strength of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Concrete—HFRC. Fibers 2022, 10, 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib10080064 |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10743 |
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.3390/fib10080064 |
dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv |
2079-6439 |
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
REDICUC – Repositorio CUC |
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
identifier_str_mv |
Quinino, U.C.d.M.; Christ, R.; Tutikian, B.F.; Silva, L.C.P.d. Statistical Modeling of Compressive Strength of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Concrete—HFRC. Fibers 2022, 10, 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib10080064 10.3390/fib10080064 2079-6439 Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC – Repositorio CUC |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10743 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Fibers |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
1. Nataraja, M.C.; Sanjay, M.C. Modified Bolomey equation for the design of concrete. J. Civ. Eng. IEB 2013, 41, 59–69. 2. Mehta, P.K.; Monteriro, P.J. Concreto: Microestrutura, Propriedades e Materiais, 2nd ed.; IBRACON: São Paulo, Brasil, 2014. 3. Lee, J.H.; Cho, B.; Choi, E. Flexural capacity of fiber reinforced concrete with a consideration of concrete strength and fiber content. Constr. Build. Mater. 2017, 138, 222–231. [CrossRef] 4. Quinino, U.C.M. Investigação Experimental das Propriedades Mecânicas de Compósitos de Concreto com Adições Híbridas de Fibras. Doctoral Thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul—UFRGS, Rio Grande, Brasil, 2015. 5. Lerch, J.O.; Bester, H.L.; van Rooyen, A.S.; Combrinck, R.; de Villiers, W.I.; Boshoff, W.P. The effect of mixing on the performance of macro synthetic fibre reinforced concrete. Cem. Concr. Res. 2018, 103, 130–139. [CrossRef] 6. Da Silva, G.C.S.; Christ, R.; Pacheco, F.; de Souza, C.F.N.; Gil, A.M.; Tutikian, B.F. Evaluating steel fiber-reinforced selfconsolidating concrete performance. Struct. Concr. 2019, 21, 448–457. [CrossRef] 7. Guler, S.; Yavuz, D.; Korkut, F.; Ashour, A. Strength prediction models for steel, synthetic, and hybrid fiber reinforced concretes. Struct. Concr. 2019, 20, 428–445. [CrossRef] 8. Johnston, C.D. Fiber Reinforced Cements and Concretes; Taylor & Francis: Otawwa, ON, Canada, 2010; Volume 2010. 9. Pacheco, F.; Christ, R.; Quinino, U.; Tutikian, B.F. Effects of fiber hybridization in advanced cementitious composites durability in humid and aggressive environments. Rev. Mater. 2018, 23, 3. [CrossRef] 10. Zollo, R.F. Fiber-reinforced concrete: An overview after 30 years of development. Cem. Concr. Compos. 1997, 19, 107–122. [CrossRef] 11. Chasioti, S.G.; Vecchio, F.J. Shear behavior and crack control characteristics of hybrid steel fiber-reinforced concrete panels. ACI Struct. J. 2017, 114, 209–220. [CrossRef] 12. Caggiano, A.; Gambarelli, S.; Martinelli, E.; Nisticò, N.; Pepe, M. Experimental characterization of the post-cracking response in Hybrid Steel/Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforced Concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 2016, 125, 1035–1043. [CrossRef] 13. Shi, X.; Park, P.; Rew, Y.; Huang, K.; Sim, C. Constitutive behaviors of steel fiber reinforced concrete under uniaxial compression and tension. Constr. Build. Mater. 2020, 233, 117316. [CrossRef] 14. Dawood, E.T.; Ramli, M. Contribution of hybrid fibers on the hybrid fibers on the properties of high strength concrete having high workability. Procedia Eng. 2011, 14, 814–820. [CrossRef] 15. Lawler, J.S.; Wilhelm, T.; Zampini, D.; Shah, S.P. Fracture processes of hybrid fiber-reinforced mortar. Mater. Struct. Constr. 2003, 36, 197–208. [CrossRef] 16. Yoo, D.Y.; Banthia, N.; Yoon, Y.S. Predicting the flexural behavior of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete. Cem. Concr. Compos. 2016, 74, 71–87. [CrossRef] 17. Gil, A.; Pacheco, F.; Christ, R.; Bolina, F.; Khayat, K.H.; Tutikian, B. Comparative study of concrete panels’ fire resistance. ACI Mater. J. 2017, 114, 5. [CrossRef] 18. Klippel, S.; Prager, L.G.; Silva, P.E.M.; Bolina, F.L.; Tutikian, B.F. Comparative study of fire resistance and acoustic performance of ceramic brick walls in concern to NBR 15575 in residential buildings in Brazil. Dyna 2018, 85, 53–58. [CrossRef] 19. Bolina, F.; Christ, R.; Metzler, A.; Quinino, U.; Tutikian, B. Comparison of the fire resistance of two structural wall systems in light steel framing. Dyna 2017, 84, 201. [CrossRef] 20. Gribniak, V.; Ng, P.-L.; Tamulenas, V.; Misiunait ¯ e, I.; Norkus, A.; Šapalas, A. Strengthening of Fibre Reinforced Concrete Elements: ˙ Synergy of the Fibres and External Sheet. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4456. [CrossRef] 21. Deifalla, A.F.; Zapris, A.G.; Chalioris, C.E. Multivariable Regression Strength Model for Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Beams under Torsion. Materials 2021, 14, 3889. [CrossRef] 22. ASTM C39/C39M. Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. In Annual Book of ASTM Standards; ASTM: Philadephia, PA, USA, 2010; pp. 1–7. 23. Karahan, O.; Ati¸s, C.D. The durability properties of polypropylene fiber reinforced fly ash concrete. Mater. Des. 2011, 32, 1044–1049. [CrossRef] 24. Kakooei, S.; Akil, H.M.; Jamshidi, M.; Rouhi, J. The effects of polypropylene fibers on the properties of reinforced concrete structures. Constr. Build. Mater. 2012, 27, 73–77. [CrossRef] 25. Serrano, R.; Cobo, A.; Prieto, M.I.; González, M.d.N. Analysis of fire resistance of concrete with polypropylene or steel fibers. Constr. Build. Mater. 2016, 122, 302–309. [CrossRef] 26. Bhutta, A.; Borges, P.H.R.; Zanotti, C.; Farooq, M.; Banthia, N. Flexural behavior of geopolymer composites reinforced with steel and polypropylene macrofibers. Cem. Concr. Compos. 2017, 80, 31–40. [CrossRef] 27. Christ, R. Desenvolvimento de Compósitos Cimentícios Avançados à Base de Pós-Reativos com Misturas Híbridas de Fibras e Reduzido Impacto Ambiental. Dissertação de Mestrado, UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, Brasil, 2014; p. 111. 28. Dawood, E.T.; Ramli, M. Mechanical properties of high strength flowing concrete with hybrid fibers. Constr. Build. Mater. 2012, 28, 193–200. [CrossRef] 29. Banthia, N.; Yan, C.; Saks, K. Impact Resistance of Fiber Reinforced Concrete at Subnormal Temperatures. Science 1998, 20, 393–404. 30. Bindiganavile, V.; Banthia, N.; Aarup, B. Impact response of ultra-high-strength fiber-reinforced cement composite. ACI Mater. J. 2002, 99, 543–548. 31. GangaRao, H.V.S.; Taly, N.; Vijay, P.V. Reinforced Concrete Design with FRP Composites; CRC Press: New York, NY, USA, 2007. 32. Qin, Y.; Zhang, X.; Chai, J.; Xu, Z.; Li, S. Experimental study of compressive behavior of polypropylene-fiber-reinforced and polypropylene-fiber-fabric-reinforced concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 2019, 194, 216–225. [CrossRef] 33. Madhavi, T.C.; Reddy, M.; Kumar, P.; Raju, S.; Mathur, D. Behaviour of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete. Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res. 2015, 10, 22627–22638. 34. Song, P.S.; Hwang, S.; Sheu, B.C. Strength properties of nylon- and polypropylene-fiber-reinforced concretes. Cem. Concr. Res. 2005, 35, 1546–1550. [CrossRef] 35. Enrenbring, H.Z. Comportamento de Concretos Reforçados com Fibras de Polipropileno (PP), Álcool Polivinílico (PVA) e Recicladas de Poliéster (POL) em Relação à Retração por Secagem Restrindiga e às Propriedades Mecânicas; Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos: Sao Leopoldo, Brasil, 2017. |
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© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2de Medeiros Quinino, Uziel CavalcantiChrist, RobertoTutikian, BernardoPinto da Silva, Luis Carlos2024-02-20T17:44:04Z2024-02-20T17:44:04Z2022-07-27Quinino, U.C.d.M.; Christ, R.; Tutikian, B.F.; Silva, L.C.P.d. Statistical Modeling of Compressive Strength of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Concrete—HFRC. Fibers 2022, 10, 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib10080064https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1074310.3390/fib100800642079-6439Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC – Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/The incorporation of reinforcements is a necessity to compensate for the deficiency that concrete presents with its fragile behavior and low deformation capacity. One of the solutions to improve tensile performance is the addition of fiber in random distributions throughout the volume. However, this strategy can compromise the compressive strength of concrete; consequently, the purpose of this study was to analyze the compressive strength of conventional concrete with hybrid fiber reinforcement. A behavioral equation of compressive strength as a function of the hybridization of three types of fibers (steel, polypropylene, and carbon) was determined. This equation accounted for the proportions, as well as the binary and tertiary combinations, of fibers. Results showed that the effective participation of metallic fibers and their combination with synthetic fibers contributed positively to the performance of fiber-reinforced concrete. The gain in axial compression strength reached values in the range of 10% to 19% depending on the content of total fibers and their combination, without problems in the production process.15 páginasapplication/pdfengMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)Switzerlandhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/10/8/64Statistical modeling of compressive strength of hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete—HFRCArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Fibers1. Nataraja, M.C.; Sanjay, M.C. Modified Bolomey equation for the design of concrete. J. Civ. Eng. IEB 2013, 41, 59–69.2. Mehta, P.K.; Monteriro, P.J. Concreto: Microestrutura, Propriedades e Materiais, 2nd ed.; IBRACON: São Paulo, Brasil, 2014.3. Lee, J.H.; Cho, B.; Choi, E. Flexural capacity of fiber reinforced concrete with a consideration of concrete strength and fiber content. Constr. Build. Mater. 2017, 138, 222–231. [CrossRef]4. Quinino, U.C.M. Investigação Experimental das Propriedades Mecânicas de Compósitos de Concreto com Adições Híbridas de Fibras. Doctoral Thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul—UFRGS, Rio Grande, Brasil, 2015.5. Lerch, J.O.; Bester, H.L.; van Rooyen, A.S.; Combrinck, R.; de Villiers, W.I.; Boshoff, W.P. The effect of mixing on the performance of macro synthetic fibre reinforced concrete. Cem. Concr. Res. 2018, 103, 130–139. [CrossRef]6. Da Silva, G.C.S.; Christ, R.; Pacheco, F.; de Souza, C.F.N.; Gil, A.M.; Tutikian, B.F. Evaluating steel fiber-reinforced selfconsolidating concrete performance. Struct. Concr. 2019, 21, 448–457. [CrossRef]7. Guler, S.; Yavuz, D.; Korkut, F.; Ashour, A. Strength prediction models for steel, synthetic, and hybrid fiber reinforced concretes. Struct. Concr. 2019, 20, 428–445. [CrossRef]8. Johnston, C.D. Fiber Reinforced Cements and Concretes; Taylor & Francis: Otawwa, ON, Canada, 2010; Volume 2010.9. Pacheco, F.; Christ, R.; Quinino, U.; Tutikian, B.F. Effects of fiber hybridization in advanced cementitious composites durability in humid and aggressive environments. Rev. Mater. 2018, 23, 3. [CrossRef]10. Zollo, R.F. Fiber-reinforced concrete: An overview after 30 years of development. Cem. Concr. Compos. 1997, 19, 107–122. [CrossRef]11. Chasioti, S.G.; Vecchio, F.J. Shear behavior and crack control characteristics of hybrid steel fiber-reinforced concrete panels. ACI Struct. J. 2017, 114, 209–220. [CrossRef]12. Caggiano, A.; Gambarelli, S.; Martinelli, E.; Nisticò, N.; Pepe, M. Experimental characterization of the post-cracking response in Hybrid Steel/Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforced Concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 2016, 125, 1035–1043. [CrossRef]13. Shi, X.; Park, P.; Rew, Y.; Huang, K.; Sim, C. Constitutive behaviors of steel fiber reinforced concrete under uniaxial compression and tension. Constr. Build. Mater. 2020, 233, 117316. [CrossRef]14. Dawood, E.T.; Ramli, M. Contribution of hybrid fibers on the hybrid fibers on the properties of high strength concrete having high workability. Procedia Eng. 2011, 14, 814–820. [CrossRef]15. Lawler, J.S.; Wilhelm, T.; Zampini, D.; Shah, S.P. Fracture processes of hybrid fiber-reinforced mortar. Mater. Struct. Constr. 2003, 36, 197–208. [CrossRef]16. Yoo, D.Y.; Banthia, N.; Yoon, Y.S. Predicting the flexural behavior of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete. Cem. Concr. Compos. 2016, 74, 71–87. [CrossRef]17. Gil, A.; Pacheco, F.; Christ, R.; Bolina, F.; Khayat, K.H.; Tutikian, B. Comparative study of concrete panels’ fire resistance. ACI Mater. J. 2017, 114, 5. [CrossRef]18. Klippel, S.; Prager, L.G.; Silva, P.E.M.; Bolina, F.L.; Tutikian, B.F. Comparative study of fire resistance and acoustic performance of ceramic brick walls in concern to NBR 15575 in residential buildings in Brazil. Dyna 2018, 85, 53–58. [CrossRef]19. Bolina, F.; Christ, R.; Metzler, A.; Quinino, U.; Tutikian, B. Comparison of the fire resistance of two structural wall systems in light steel framing. Dyna 2017, 84, 201. [CrossRef]20. Gribniak, V.; Ng, P.-L.; Tamulenas, V.; Misiunait ¯ e, I.; Norkus, A.; Šapalas, A. Strengthening of Fibre Reinforced Concrete Elements: ˙ Synergy of the Fibres and External Sheet. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4456. [CrossRef]21. Deifalla, A.F.; Zapris, A.G.; Chalioris, C.E. Multivariable Regression Strength Model for Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Beams under Torsion. Materials 2021, 14, 3889. [CrossRef]22. ASTM C39/C39M. Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. In Annual Book of ASTM Standards; ASTM: Philadephia, PA, USA, 2010; pp. 1–7.23. Karahan, O.; Ati¸s, C.D. The durability properties of polypropylene fiber reinforced fly ash concrete. Mater. Des. 2011, 32, 1044–1049. [CrossRef]24. Kakooei, S.; Akil, H.M.; Jamshidi, M.; Rouhi, J. The effects of polypropylene fibers on the properties of reinforced concrete structures. Constr. Build. Mater. 2012, 27, 73–77. [CrossRef]25. Serrano, R.; Cobo, A.; Prieto, M.I.; González, M.d.N. Analysis of fire resistance of concrete with polypropylene or steel fibers. Constr. Build. Mater. 2016, 122, 302–309. [CrossRef]26. Bhutta, A.; Borges, P.H.R.; Zanotti, C.; Farooq, M.; Banthia, N. Flexural behavior of geopolymer composites reinforced with steel and polypropylene macrofibers. Cem. Concr. Compos. 2017, 80, 31–40. [CrossRef]27. Christ, R. Desenvolvimento de Compósitos Cimentícios Avançados à Base de Pós-Reativos com Misturas Híbridas de Fibras e Reduzido Impacto Ambiental. Dissertação de Mestrado, UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, Brasil, 2014; p. 111.28. Dawood, E.T.; Ramli, M. Mechanical properties of high strength flowing concrete with hybrid fibers. Constr. Build. Mater. 2012, 28, 193–200. [CrossRef]29. Banthia, N.; Yan, C.; Saks, K. Impact Resistance of Fiber Reinforced Concrete at Subnormal Temperatures. Science 1998, 20, 393–404.30. Bindiganavile, V.; Banthia, N.; Aarup, B. Impact response of ultra-high-strength fiber-reinforced cement composite. ACI Mater. J. 2002, 99, 543–548.31. GangaRao, H.V.S.; Taly, N.; Vijay, P.V. Reinforced Concrete Design with FRP Composites; CRC Press: New York, NY, USA, 2007.32. Qin, Y.; Zhang, X.; Chai, J.; Xu, Z.; Li, S. Experimental study of compressive behavior of polypropylene-fiber-reinforced and polypropylene-fiber-fabric-reinforced concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 2019, 194, 216–225. [CrossRef]33. Madhavi, T.C.; Reddy, M.; Kumar, P.; Raju, S.; Mathur, D. Behaviour of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete. Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res. 2015, 10, 22627–22638.34. Song, P.S.; Hwang, S.; Sheu, B.C. Strength properties of nylon- and polypropylene-fiber-reinforced concretes. Cem. Concr. Res. 2005, 35, 1546–1550. [CrossRef]35. Enrenbring, H.Z. Comportamento de Concretos Reforçados com Fibras de Polipropileno (PP), Álcool Polivinílico (PVA) e Recicladas de Poliéster (POL) em Relação à Retração por Secagem Restrindiga e às Propriedades Mecânicas; Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos: Sao Leopoldo, Brasil, 2017.151810Hybrid fiber-reinforced concreteFibers hybridizationPerformanceCompressive strengthSteel fiberPolypropylene fiberCarbon fiberFiber contentPublicationORIGINALStatistical Modeling of Compressive Strength of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Concrete—HFRC.pdfStatistical Modeling of Compressive Strength of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Concrete—HFRC.pdfArtículoapplication/pdf4466713https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/7d56e6ce-8f12-4ab2-918d-20acdd57771c/downloadca3392dbb0307c13dad03879543cd6abMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/bfc5c4cc-9e8e-42a8-bfa5-028b968fc8fb/download2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52TEXTStatistical Modeling of Compressive Strength of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Concrete—HFRC.pdf.txtStatistical Modeling of Compressive Strength of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Concrete—HFRC.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain69513https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/2321aa32-d2c2-42d4-af83-55b26a8ffa59/download1c1686c7703004b174751173eac6f8cfMD53THUMBNAILStatistical Modeling of Compressive Strength of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Concrete—HFRC.pdf.jpgStatistical Modeling of Compressive Strength of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Concrete—HFRC.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg16027https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/70f73a7f-cdb9-43d4-81db-63b3e6dd75ab/download7481bb5831f338e21cb29e0f3697c0a9MD5411323/10743oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/107432024-09-17 11:02:28.855https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/© 2022 by the authors. 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ada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
 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