Adsorption of the first-line covid treatment analgesic onto activated carbon from residual pods of erythrina speciosa

In this study, the residual pods of the forest species Erythrina speciosa were carbonized with ZnCl2 to obtain porous activated carbon and investigated for the adsorptive removal of the drug paracetamol (PCM) from water. The PCM adsorption onto activated carbon is favored at acidic solution pH. The...

Full description

Autores:
georgin, jordana
Dison S.P., Franco
Netto, Matias
Saood Manzar, Mohammad
Zubair, Mukarram
Meili, Lucas
Allasia Piccilli, Daniel Gustavo
Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2022
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/10348
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10348
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Residual pod
Drug removal
Adsorption of pollutants
Emergent pollutants
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
id RCUC2_c9c716a64ec3b31b51ee538f1e940fd0
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/10348
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Adsorption of the first-line covid treatment analgesic onto activated carbon from residual pods of erythrina speciosa
title Adsorption of the first-line covid treatment analgesic onto activated carbon from residual pods of erythrina speciosa
spellingShingle Adsorption of the first-line covid treatment analgesic onto activated carbon from residual pods of erythrina speciosa
Residual pod
Drug removal
Adsorption of pollutants
Emergent pollutants
title_short Adsorption of the first-line covid treatment analgesic onto activated carbon from residual pods of erythrina speciosa
title_full Adsorption of the first-line covid treatment analgesic onto activated carbon from residual pods of erythrina speciosa
title_fullStr Adsorption of the first-line covid treatment analgesic onto activated carbon from residual pods of erythrina speciosa
title_full_unstemmed Adsorption of the first-line covid treatment analgesic onto activated carbon from residual pods of erythrina speciosa
title_sort Adsorption of the first-line covid treatment analgesic onto activated carbon from residual pods of erythrina speciosa
dc.creator.fl_str_mv georgin, jordana
Dison S.P., Franco
Netto, Matias
Saood Manzar, Mohammad
Zubair, Mukarram
Meili, Lucas
Allasia Piccilli, Daniel Gustavo
Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv georgin, jordana
Dison S.P., Franco
Netto, Matias
Saood Manzar, Mohammad
Zubair, Mukarram
Meili, Lucas
Allasia Piccilli, Daniel Gustavo
Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Residual pod
Drug removal
Adsorption of pollutants
Emergent pollutants
topic Residual pod
Drug removal
Adsorption of pollutants
Emergent pollutants
description In this study, the residual pods of the forest species Erythrina speciosa were carbonized with ZnCl2 to obtain porous activated carbon and investigated for the adsorptive removal of the drug paracetamol (PCM) from water. The PCM adsorption onto activated carbon is favored at acidic solution pH. The isothermal studies confirmed that increasing the temperature from 298 to 328 K decreased the adsorption capacity from 65 mg g−1 to 50.4 mg g−1 (C0 = 175 mg L−1). The Freundlich model showed a better fit of the equilibrium isotherms. Thermodynamic studies confirmed the exothermic nature (ΔH0 = −39.1066 kJ mol−1). Kinetic data indicates that the external mass transfer occurs in the first minutes followed by the surface diffusion, considering that the linear driving force model described the experimental data. The application of the material in the treatment of a simulated effluent with natural conditions was promising, presenting a removal of 76.45%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of residual pods of the forest species Erythrina speciosa carbonized with ZnCl2 is highly efficient in the removal of the drug paracetamol and also in mixtures containing other pharmaceutical substances.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2022-09-10
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-07-31T14:24:45Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-07-31T14:24:45Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.coarversion.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv Georgin, J., Franco, D.S.P., Netto, M.S. et al. Adsorption of the First-Line Covid Treatment Analgesic onto Activated Carbon from Residual Pods of Erythrina Speciosa. Environmental Management 71, 795–808 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-022-01716-6
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 0364-152X
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10348
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.1007/s00267-022-01716-6
dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv 1432-1009
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC – Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Georgin, J., Franco, D.S.P., Netto, M.S. et al. Adsorption of the First-Line Covid Treatment Analgesic onto Activated Carbon from Residual Pods of Erythrina Speciosa. Environmental Management 71, 795–808 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-022-01716-6
0364-152X
10.1007/s00267-022-01716-6
1432-1009
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC – Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10348
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Environmental Management
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Addamo M, Augugliaro V, Di Paola A, García-López E, Loddo V, Marcì G, Palmisano L (2005) Removal of drugs in aqueous systems by photoassisted degradation. J Appl Electrochem 35:765–774. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-005-1630-y
Adebisi GA, Chowdhury ZZ, Alaba PA (2017) Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies of lead ion and zinc ion adsorption from aqueous solution onto activated carbon prepared from palm oil mill effluent. J Clean Prod 148:958–968. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.047
Afolabi IC, Popoola SI, Bello OS (2020) Modeling pseudo-secondorder kinetics of orange peel-paracetamol adsorption process using artificial neural network. Chemom Intell Lab Syst 203:104053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2020.104053
Alagha O, Manzar MS, Zubair M, Anil I, Mu’azu ND, Qureshi A (2020) Magnetic Mg-Fe/LDH intercalated activated carbon composites for nitrate and phosphate removal from wastewater: insight into behavior and mechanisms. Nanomaterials 10:1361
Álvarez-Torrellas S, Rodríguez A, Ovejero G, García J (2016) Comparative adsorption performance of ibuprofen and tetracycline from aqueous solution by carbonaceous materials. Chem Eng J 283:936–947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.08.023
Baldoni AB, Botin AA, Tardin FD, de Barros Marques JA, de Oliveira FL, Silva AJR, da Silva ES, Awabdi CP, Filho EP, Neves LG, de Andrea Pantaleão A, Teodoro LPR, Teodoro PE (2020) Early selection strategies in schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (huber ex ducke) barneby. Ind Crops Prod 152:112538. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112538
Bello OS, Moshood MA, Ewetumo BA, Afolabi IC (2020) Ibuprofen removal using coconut husk activated Biomass. Chem Data Collect 29:100533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdc.2020.100533
Benyekkou N, Ghezzar MR, Abdelmalek F, Addou A (2020) Elimination of paracetamol from water by a spent coffee grounds biomaterial. Environ Nanotechnol, Monit Manag 14:100396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2020.100396
Bernal V, Giraldo L, Moreno-Piraján JC (2021) Understanding the solid-liquid equilibria between paracetamol and activated carbon: Thermodynamic approach of the interactions adsorbent-adsorbate using equilibrium, kinetic and calorimetry data. J Hazard Mater 419:126432. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2021.126432
Bertolini A, Ferrari A, Ottani A, Guerzoni S, Tacchi R, Leone S (2006) Paracetamol: New vistas of an old drug. CNS Drug Rev 12:250–275. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-3458.2006.00250.x
Blaisi NI, Zubair M, Ihsanullah S, Ali TS, Kazeem MS, Manzar W, Al-Kutti MA, Al Harthi (2018) Date palm ash-MgAl-layered double hydroxide composite: sustainable adsorbent for effective removal of methyl orange and eriochrome black-T from aqueous phase. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:34319–34331. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11356-018-3367-2
Bonilla-Petriciolet A, Mendoza-Castillo DI, Reynel-Ávila HE (2017) Adsorption processes for water treatment and purification. Adsorpt Process Water Treat Purif 1–256. https://doi.org/10. 1007/978-3-319-58136-1
Chakraborty JN (2014) 30 – Differential coloured effect in dyeing, in: Fundam. Pract. Colouration Text 391–417. https://doi.org/10. 1016/B978-93-80308-46-3.50030-3
Crini G, Badot P-MM (2008) Application of chitosan, a natural aminopolysaccharide, for dye removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption processes using batch studies: A review of recent literature. Prog Polym Sci 33:399–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. progpolymsci.2007.11.001
Cruz GJF, Pirilä M, Matějová L, Ainassaari K, Solis JL, Fajgar R, Šolcová O, Keiski RL (2018) Two unconventional precursors to produce ZnCl2-Based activated carbon for water treatment applications. Chem Eng Technol 41:1649–1659. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/ceat.201800150
P.D. da, C. Kemerich, W.F. de Borba, N. Schmachtenberg, C. Graepin, C.E.B. Flores, G. Barros, Chemical changes in soil occupied for cemetery horizontal in Rio Grande do Sul - North, (2014)
Dai Y, Zhang N, Xing C, Cui Q, Sun Q (2019) The adsorption, regeneration and engineering applications of biochar for removal organic pollutants: A review. Chemosphere 223:12–27. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.161
Danish M, Ahmad T, Hashim R, Said N, Akhtar MN, Mohamad-Saleh J, Sulaiman O (2018) Comparison of surface properties of wood biomass activated carbons and their application against rhodamine B and methylene blue dye, Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.surfin.2018.02.001
de H, Gomes O, de Tarso P, Freire C, do Nascimento RF, Pereira Teixeira RN (2022) Removal of contaminants from water using Moringa oleifera Lam. as biosorbent: An overview of the last decade. J Water Process Eng 46:102576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.102576
de P, Amaral A, Antunes AR, Barlow JW (2019) Isolation of erythrinan alkaloids from the leaves and flowers of Erythrina speciosa. Rev Bras Farmacogn 29:488–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.bjp.2019.01.007
de YLDO, Salomón O, Georgin J, Franco DSP, Netto MS, Piccilli DGA, Foletto EL, Oliveira LFS, Dotto GL (2021) Highperformance removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide in water using activated carbon derived from Queen palm fruit endocarp (Syagrus romanzoffiana). J Environ Chem Eng 9:104911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104911
Dougherty DA (2013) The cation-π interaction. Acc Chem Res 46:885–893. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar300265y
Dubinin MM, Astakhov VA, Bering BP, Gordeeva VA, Dubinin MM, Efimova LI, Serpinskii VV (1971) Development of concepts of the volume filling of micropores in the adsorption of gases and vapors by microporous adsorbents - Communication 4. Differential heats and entropies of adsorption. Bull Acad Sci USSR Div Chem Sci 20:17–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00849310
Fahmy NM, Al-Sayed E, El-Shazly M, Singab AN (2018) Comprehensive review on flavonoids biological activities of Erythrina plant species. Ind Crops Prod 123:500–538. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.indcrop.2018.06.028
Ferreira RC, de Lima HHC, Cândido AA, Junior OMC, Arroyo PA, Gauze GF, Carvalho KQ, Barros MASD(2015) Adsorption of paracetamol using activated carbon of dende and babassu coconut mesocarp Int J Biol Biomol Agric Food Biotechnol Eng 9:575–580. waset.org/Publication/10001579
Fessard V, Le Hégarat L (2010) A strategy to study genotoxicity: Application to aquatic toxins, limits and solutions. Anal Bioanal Chem 397:1715–1722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-3699-3
Fontana KB, Chaves ES, Sanchez JDSS, Watanabe ERLRLR, Pietrobelli JMTATA, Lenzi GG (2016) Textile dye removal from aqueous solutions by malt bagasse: Isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 124:329–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.11.012
Franco DSP, Georgin J, Netto MS, Allasia D, Oliveira MLS, Foletto EL, Dotto GL (2021) Highly effective adsorption of synthetic phenol effluent by a novel activated carbon prepared from fruit wastes of the Ceiba speciosa forest species. J Environ Chem Eng 9:105927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105927
Franco DSP, Vieillard J, Salau NPG, Dotto GL (2020) Interpretations on the mechanism of In(III) adsorption onto chitosan and chitin: A mass transfer model approach. J Mol Liq 304:112758. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112758
Freundlich H (1907) Über die Adsorption in Lösungen, Zeitschrift Für Phys. Chemie. 57U. https://doi.org/10.1515/zpch-1907-5723
Georgin J, Boit Martinello Kda, Franco DSP, Netto MS, Piccilli DGA, Yilmaz M, Silva LFO, Dotto GL (2022) Residual peel of pitaya fruit (Hylocereus undatus) as a precursor to obtaining an efficient carbon-based adsorbent for the removal of metanil yellow dye from water. J Environ Chem Eng 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jece.2021.107006
Georgin J, de YL, Salomón O, Franco DSP, Netto MS, Piccilli DGA, Perondi D, Silva LFO, Foletto EL, Dotto GL (2021) Development of highly porous activated carbon from Jacaranda mimosifolia seed pods for remarkable removal of aqueous-phase ketoprofen. J Environ Chem Eng 9:105676. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.jece.2021.105676
Georgin J, Dotto GL, Mazutti MA, Foletto EL (2016) Preparation of activated carbon from peanut shell by conventional pyrolysis and microwave irradiation-pyrolysis to remove organic dyes from aqueous solutions. J Environ Chem Eng 4:266–275. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jece.2015.11.018
Glueckauf E (1955) Theory of chromatography. Part 10.—Formulæ for diffusion into spheres and their application to chromatography. Trans Faraday Soc 51:1540–1551. https://doi.org/10. 1039/TF9555101540
Goscianska J, Olejnik A, Ejsmont A, Galarda A, Wuttke S (2021) Overcoming the paracetamol dose challenge with wrinkled mesoporous carbon spheres. J Colloid Interface Sci 586:673–682. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCIS.2020.10.137
Guo W, Fu Y, Jia R, Guo Z, Su C, Li J, Zhao X, Jin Y, Li P, Fan J, Zhang C, Qu P, Cui H, Gao S, Cheng H, Li J, Li X, Lu B, Xu X, Wang Z (2022) Visualization of the infection risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 through aerosol and surface transmission in a negative-pressure ward. Environ Int 162:107153. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2022.107153
Han Q, Wang J, Goodman BA, Xie J, Liu Z (2020) High adsorption of methylene blue by activated carbon prepared from phosphoric acid treated eucalyptus residue. Powder Technol 366:239–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2020.02.013
Hollender J, Singer H, McArdell CS (2008) Polar Organic Micropollutants. In: Hlavinek P, Bonacci O, Marsalek J, Mahrikova I (Eds.) The Water Cycle BT - Dangerous Pollutants (Xenobiotics) in Urban Water Cycle. Springer, Netherlands, Dordrecht, p 103–116. in:
Husin NA, Muhamad M, Yahaya N, Miskam M, Syazni Nik Mohamed Kamal NN, Asman S, Raoov M, Mohamad Zain NN (2021) Application of a new choline-imidazole based deep eutectic solvents in hybrid magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer for efficient and selective removal of naproxen from aqueous samples. Mater Chem Phys 261:124228. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.124228
Jari Y, Roche N, Necibi MC, El Hajjaji S, Dhiba D, Chehbouni A (2022) Emerging pollutants in moroccan wastewater: occurrence, impact, and removal technologies. J Chem 2022:9727857. https:// doi.org/10.1155/2022/9727857
Katibi KK, Yunos KF, Che Man H, Aris AZ, bin Mohd Nor MZ, binti Azis RS (2021) Recent advances in the rejection of endocrinedisrupting compounds from water using membrane and membrane bioreactor technologies: a review. Polymers (Basel) 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13030392
Kerkhoff CM, da Boit Martinello K, Franco DSP, Netto MS, Georgin J, Foletto EL, Piccilli DGA, Silva LFO, Dotto GL (2021) Adsorption of ketoprofen and paracetamol and treatment of a synthetic mixture by novel porous carbon derived from Butia capitata endocarp. J Mol Liq 339:117184. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.molliq.2021.117184
Khan AH, Khan NA, Zubair M, Azfar Shaida M, Manzar MS, Abutaleb A, Naushad M, Iqbal J (2022) Sustainable green nanoadsorbents for remediation of pharmaceuticals from water and wastewater: A critical review. Environ Res 204:112243. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.112243
Khetan SK, Collins TJ (2007) Human pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment: A challenge to green chemisty. Chem Rev 107:2319–2364. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr020441w
Klavarioti M, Mantzavinos D, Kassinos D (2009) Removal of residual pharmaceuticals from aqueous systems by advanced oxidation processes. Environ Int 35:402–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. envint.2008.07.009
Kong X, Gao H, Song X, Deng Y, Zhang Y (2020) Adsorption of phenol on porous carbon from Toona sinensis leaves and its mechanism. Chem Phys Lett 739:137046. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.cplett.2019.137046
Konozy EHE, Bernardes ES, Rosa C, Faca V, Greene LJ, Ward RJ (2003) Isolation, purification, and physicochemical characterization of a D-galactose-binding lectin from seeds of Erythrina speciosa. Arch Biochem Biophys 410:222–229. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0003-9861(02)00695-1
Langmuir I (1918) The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum. J Am Chem Soc 40:1361–1403. https://doi. org/10.1021/ja02242a004
Lazarotto JS, Boit Martinello Kda, Georgin J, Franco DSP, Netto MS, Piccilli DGA, Silva LFO, Lima EC, Dotto GL (2021) Preparation of activated carbon from the residues of the mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) production chain for the adsorption of the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic herbicide. J Environ Chem Eng 9. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jece.2021.106843
Li Y, Wang Y, He L, Meng L, Lu H, Li X (2020) Preparation of poly(4-vinylpyridine)-functionalized magnetic Al-MOF for the removal of naproxen from aqueous solution. J Hazard Mater 383:121144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121144
Liakos EV, Rekos K, Giannakoudakis DA, Mitropoulos AC, Fu J, Kyzas GZ (2021) Activated porous carbon derived from tea and plane tree leaves biomass for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds from wastewaters. Antibiotics 10. https://doi.org/10. 3390/antibiotics10010065
Lima DR, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A, Thue PS, Lima EC, de Albuquerque YRT, dos Reis GS, Umpierres CS, Dias SLP, Tran HN (2019) Efficient acetaminophen removal from water and hospital effluents treatment by activated carbons derived from Brazil nutshells. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 583:123966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123966
López-Cázares MI, Isaacs-Páez ED, Ascacio-Valdés J, Aguilar-González CN, Rangel-Mendez JR, Chazaro-Ruiz LF (2021) Electroassisted naproxen adsorption followed by its electrodegradation and simultaneous electroreactivation of the activated carbon electrode. Sep Purif Technol 258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. seppur.2020.118030
Madden JC, Enoch SJ, Hewitt M, Cronin MTD (2009) Pharmaceuticals in the environment: Good practice in predicting acute ecotoxicological effects. Toxicol Lett 185:85–101. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.12.005
Manzar MS, Zubair M, Khan NA, Husain Khan A, Baig U, Aziz MA, Blaisi NI, Abdel-Magid HIM (2020) Adsorption behaviour of green coffee residues for decolourization of hazardous congo red and eriochrome black T dyes from aqueous solutions. Int J Environ Anal Chem. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2020.1811260
Martín J, Buchberger W, Santos JL, Alonso E, Aparicio I (2012) Highperformance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method for the analysis of antidiabetic drugs in aqueous environmental samples. J Chromatogr B Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci 895–896:94–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jchromb.2012.03.023
Mashayekh-Salehi A, Moussavi G (2016) Removal of acetaminophen from the contaminated water using adsorption onto carbon activated with NH4Cl. Desalin Water Treat 57:12861–12873. https:// doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1051588
Medina CL, Sanches MC, Tucci MLS, Sousa CAF, Cuzzuol GRF, Joly CA (2009) Erythrina speciosa (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) under soil water saturation: Morphophysiological and growth responses. Ann Bot 104:671–680. https://doi.org/10. 1093/aob/mcp159
Mestre AS, Tyszko E, Andrade MA, Galhetas M, Freire C, Carvalho AP (2015) Sustainable activated carbons prepared from a sucrosederived hydrochar: remarkable adsorbents for pharmaceutical compounds. RSC Adv 5:19696–19707. https://doi.org/10.1039/ C4RA14495C
Nandan A, Siddiqui NA, Singh C, Aeri A, Gwenzi W, Ighalo JO, de Carvalho Nagliate P, Meili L, Singh P, Chaukura N, Rangabhashiyam S(2021) COVID-19 pandemic in Uttarakhand, India: Environmental recovery or degradation J Environ Chem Eng 9:106595. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JECE.2021.106595
Neuwoehner J, Escher BI (2011) The pH-dependent toxicity of basic pharmaceuticals in the green algae Scenedesmus vacuolatus can be explained with a toxicokinetic ion-trapping model. Aquat Toxicol 101:266–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.10. 008
Norouzi S, Heidari M, Alipour V, Rahmanian O, Fazlzadeh M, Mohammadi-moghadam F, Nourmoradi H, Goudarzi B, Dindarloo K (2018) Preparation, characterization and Cr(VI) adsorption evaluation of NaOH-activated carbon produced from Date Press Cake; an agro-industrial waste. Bioresour Technol 258:48–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.106
Ocampo-Perez R, Padilla-Ortega E, Medellin-Castillo NA, CoronadoOyarvide P, Aguilar-Madera CG, Segovia-Sandoval SJ, FloresRamírez R, Parra-Marfil A (2019) Synthesis of biochar from chili seeds and its application to remove ibuprofen from water. Equilibrium and 3D modeling. Sci Total Environ 655:1397–1408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.283
Ogunmodede J, Akanji SB, Bello OS (2021) Moringa oleifera seed pod-based adsorbent for the removal of paracetamol from aqueous solution: A novel approach toward diversification. Environ Prog\Sustain Energy 40:e13615. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep. 13615
Oksman K, Mathew AP, Bondeson D, Kvien I (2006) Manufacturing process of cellulose whiskers/polylactic acid nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 66:2776–2784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. compscitech.2006.03.002
Pereira MFR, Soares SF, Órfão JJM, Figueiredo JL (2003) Adsorption of dyes on activated carbons: Influence of surface chemical groups. Carbon N. Y 41:811–821. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008- 6223(02)00406-2
Phasuphan W, Praphairaksit N, Imyim A (2019) Removal of ibuprofen, diclofenac, and naproxen from water using chitosan-modified waste tire crumb rubber. J Mol Liq 294:111554. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111554
Pi N, Ng JZ, Kelly BC (2017) Bioaccumulation of pharmaceutically active compounds and endocrine disrupting chemicals in aquatic macrophytes: Results of hydroponic experiments with Echinodorus horemanii and Eichhornia crassipes. Sci Total Environ 601–602:812–820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.137
Puchana-Rosero MJ, Adebayo MA, Lima EC, Machado FM, Thue PS, Vaghetti JCP, Umpierres CS, Gutterres M (2016) Microwaveassisted activated carbon obtained from the sludge of tannerytreatment effluent plant for removal of leather dyes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 504:105–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. colsurfa.2016.05.059
D.U. Quintela, D.C. Henrique, P.V. dos, S. Lins, A.H. Ide, A. Erto, J.L. da S. Duarte, L. Meili, Waste of Mytella Falcata shells for removal of a triarylmethane biocide from water: Kinetic, equilibrium, regeneration and thermodynamic studies, Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces. 195 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j. colsurfb.2020.111230
Rahman A, Hango HJ, Daniel LS, Uahengo V, Jaime SJ, Bhaskaruni SVHS, Jonnalagadda SB (2019) Chemical preparation of activated carbon from Acacia erioloba seed pods using H2SO4 as impregnating agent for water treatment: An environmentally benevolent approach. J Clean Prod 237:117689. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117689
Rakić V, Rac V, Krmar M, Otman O, Auroux A (2015) The adsorption of pharmaceutically active compounds from aqueous solutions onto activated carbons. J Hazard Mater 282:141–149. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.04.062
Ruthven DM (1984) Principles of adsorption and adsorption processes, 7th ed. John Wiley & Sons, Berlim, https://doi.org/10. 1016/0167-6989(85)90037-6
Salomón YL, Georgin J, Franco DSP, Netto MS, Piccilli DGA, Foletto EL, Pinto D, Oliveira MLS, Dotto GL (2022) Adsorption of atrazine herbicide from water by diospyros kaki fruit waste activated carbon. J Mol Liq 347:117990. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.molliq.2021.117990
Saood Manzar M, Ahmad T, Ullah N, Velayudhaperumal Chellam P, John J, Zubair M, Brandão RJ, Meili L, Alagha O, Çevik E (2022) Comparative adsorption of Eriochrome Black T and Tetracycline by NaOH-modified steel dust: Kinetic and process modeling. Sep Purif Technol 287:120559. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.seppur.2022.120559
Siedlecka EM, Ofiarska A, Borzyszkowska AF, Białk-Bielińska A, Stepnowski P, Pieczyńska A (2018) Cytostatic drug removal using electrochemical oxidation with BDD electrode: Degradation pathway and toxicity. Water Res 144:235–245. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.035
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 808
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 795
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 71
dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 14 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Springer New York
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv United States
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00267-022-01716-6
institution Corporación Universidad de la Costa
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/0678a834-d6fd-4b23-95ad-f6175dfa75bd/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/7a4761ea-83cc-4e5d-b946-7e986f4bc0b7/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/6142b697-22b5-472a-836c-37d10f884a1d/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/09e81339-679f-4fb7-9a5b-48967039840c/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 8df634d916f927d225aa6ccccbd97d10
2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7a
c2e5df3c1084ed1727a983b4aabbf6c3
464ecf4d84c24e0d7efcf56b7a09c188
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUC
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repdigital@cuc.edu.co
_version_ 1811760712756756480
spelling Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2georgin, jordanaDison S.P., FrancoNetto, MatiasSaood Manzar, MohammadZubair, MukarramMeili, LucasAllasia Piccilli, Daniel GustavoSilva Oliveira, Luis Felipe2023-07-31T14:24:45Z2023-07-31T14:24:45Z2022-09-10Georgin, J., Franco, D.S.P., Netto, M.S. et al. Adsorption of the First-Line Covid Treatment Analgesic onto Activated Carbon from Residual Pods of Erythrina Speciosa. Environmental Management 71, 795–808 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-022-01716-60364-152Xhttps://hdl.handle.net/11323/1034810.1007/s00267-022-01716-61432-1009Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC – Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/In this study, the residual pods of the forest species Erythrina speciosa were carbonized with ZnCl2 to obtain porous activated carbon and investigated for the adsorptive removal of the drug paracetamol (PCM) from water. The PCM adsorption onto activated carbon is favored at acidic solution pH. The isothermal studies confirmed that increasing the temperature from 298 to 328 K decreased the adsorption capacity from 65 mg g−1 to 50.4 mg g−1 (C0 = 175 mg L−1). The Freundlich model showed a better fit of the equilibrium isotherms. Thermodynamic studies confirmed the exothermic nature (ΔH0 = −39.1066 kJ mol−1). Kinetic data indicates that the external mass transfer occurs in the first minutes followed by the surface diffusion, considering that the linear driving force model described the experimental data. The application of the material in the treatment of a simulated effluent with natural conditions was promising, presenting a removal of 76.45%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of residual pods of the forest species Erythrina speciosa carbonized with ZnCl2 is highly efficient in the removal of the drug paracetamol and also in mixtures containing other pharmaceutical substances.14 páginasapplication/pdfengSpringer New YorkUnited Stateshttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00267-022-01716-6Adsorption of the first-line covid treatment analgesic onto activated carbon from residual pods of erythrina speciosaArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Environmental ManagementAddamo M, Augugliaro V, Di Paola A, García-López E, Loddo V, Marcì G, Palmisano L (2005) Removal of drugs in aqueous systems by photoassisted degradation. J Appl Electrochem 35:765–774. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-005-1630-yAdebisi GA, Chowdhury ZZ, Alaba PA (2017) Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies of lead ion and zinc ion adsorption from aqueous solution onto activated carbon prepared from palm oil mill effluent. J Clean Prod 148:958–968. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.047Afolabi IC, Popoola SI, Bello OS (2020) Modeling pseudo-secondorder kinetics of orange peel-paracetamol adsorption process using artificial neural network. Chemom Intell Lab Syst 203:104053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2020.104053Alagha O, Manzar MS, Zubair M, Anil I, Mu’azu ND, Qureshi A (2020) Magnetic Mg-Fe/LDH intercalated activated carbon composites for nitrate and phosphate removal from wastewater: insight into behavior and mechanisms. Nanomaterials 10:1361Álvarez-Torrellas S, Rodríguez A, Ovejero G, García J (2016) Comparative adsorption performance of ibuprofen and tetracycline from aqueous solution by carbonaceous materials. Chem Eng J 283:936–947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.08.023Baldoni AB, Botin AA, Tardin FD, de Barros Marques JA, de Oliveira FL, Silva AJR, da Silva ES, Awabdi CP, Filho EP, Neves LG, de Andrea Pantaleão A, Teodoro LPR, Teodoro PE (2020) Early selection strategies in schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (huber ex ducke) barneby. Ind Crops Prod 152:112538. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112538Bello OS, Moshood MA, Ewetumo BA, Afolabi IC (2020) Ibuprofen removal using coconut husk activated Biomass. Chem Data Collect 29:100533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdc.2020.100533Benyekkou N, Ghezzar MR, Abdelmalek F, Addou A (2020) Elimination of paracetamol from water by a spent coffee grounds biomaterial. Environ Nanotechnol, Monit Manag 14:100396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2020.100396Bernal V, Giraldo L, Moreno-Piraján JC (2021) Understanding the solid-liquid equilibria between paracetamol and activated carbon: Thermodynamic approach of the interactions adsorbent-adsorbate using equilibrium, kinetic and calorimetry data. J Hazard Mater 419:126432. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2021.126432Bertolini A, Ferrari A, Ottani A, Guerzoni S, Tacchi R, Leone S (2006) Paracetamol: New vistas of an old drug. CNS Drug Rev 12:250–275. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-3458.2006.00250.xBlaisi NI, Zubair M, Ihsanullah S, Ali TS, Kazeem MS, Manzar W, Al-Kutti MA, Al Harthi (2018) Date palm ash-MgAl-layered double hydroxide composite: sustainable adsorbent for effective removal of methyl orange and eriochrome black-T from aqueous phase. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:34319–34331. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11356-018-3367-2Bonilla-Petriciolet A, Mendoza-Castillo DI, Reynel-Ávila HE (2017) Adsorption processes for water treatment and purification. Adsorpt Process Water Treat Purif 1–256. https://doi.org/10. 1007/978-3-319-58136-1Chakraborty JN (2014) 30 – Differential coloured effect in dyeing, in: Fundam. Pract. Colouration Text 391–417. https://doi.org/10. 1016/B978-93-80308-46-3.50030-3Crini G, Badot P-MM (2008) Application of chitosan, a natural aminopolysaccharide, for dye removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption processes using batch studies: A review of recent literature. Prog Polym Sci 33:399–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. progpolymsci.2007.11.001Cruz GJF, Pirilä M, Matějová L, Ainassaari K, Solis JL, Fajgar R, Šolcová O, Keiski RL (2018) Two unconventional precursors to produce ZnCl2-Based activated carbon for water treatment applications. Chem Eng Technol 41:1649–1659. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/ceat.201800150P.D. da, C. Kemerich, W.F. de Borba, N. Schmachtenberg, C. Graepin, C.E.B. Flores, G. Barros, Chemical changes in soil occupied for cemetery horizontal in Rio Grande do Sul - North, (2014)Dai Y, Zhang N, Xing C, Cui Q, Sun Q (2019) The adsorption, regeneration and engineering applications of biochar for removal organic pollutants: A review. Chemosphere 223:12–27. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.161Danish M, Ahmad T, Hashim R, Said N, Akhtar MN, Mohamad-Saleh J, Sulaiman O (2018) Comparison of surface properties of wood biomass activated carbons and their application against rhodamine B and methylene blue dye, Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.surfin.2018.02.001de H, Gomes O, de Tarso P, Freire C, do Nascimento RF, Pereira Teixeira RN (2022) Removal of contaminants from water using Moringa oleifera Lam. as biosorbent: An overview of the last decade. J Water Process Eng 46:102576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.102576de P, Amaral A, Antunes AR, Barlow JW (2019) Isolation of erythrinan alkaloids from the leaves and flowers of Erythrina speciosa. Rev Bras Farmacogn 29:488–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.bjp.2019.01.007de YLDO, Salomón O, Georgin J, Franco DSP, Netto MS, Piccilli DGA, Foletto EL, Oliveira LFS, Dotto GL (2021) Highperformance removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide in water using activated carbon derived from Queen palm fruit endocarp (Syagrus romanzoffiana). J Environ Chem Eng 9:104911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104911Dougherty DA (2013) The cation-π interaction. Acc Chem Res 46:885–893. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar300265yDubinin MM, Astakhov VA, Bering BP, Gordeeva VA, Dubinin MM, Efimova LI, Serpinskii VV (1971) Development of concepts of the volume filling of micropores in the adsorption of gases and vapors by microporous adsorbents - Communication 4. Differential heats and entropies of adsorption. Bull Acad Sci USSR Div Chem Sci 20:17–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00849310Fahmy NM, Al-Sayed E, El-Shazly M, Singab AN (2018) Comprehensive review on flavonoids biological activities of Erythrina plant species. Ind Crops Prod 123:500–538. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.indcrop.2018.06.028Ferreira RC, de Lima HHC, Cândido AA, Junior OMC, Arroyo PA, Gauze GF, Carvalho KQ, Barros MASD(2015) Adsorption of paracetamol using activated carbon of dende and babassu coconut mesocarp Int J Biol Biomol Agric Food Biotechnol Eng 9:575–580. waset.org/Publication/10001579Fessard V, Le Hégarat L (2010) A strategy to study genotoxicity: Application to aquatic toxins, limits and solutions. Anal Bioanal Chem 397:1715–1722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-3699-3Fontana KB, Chaves ES, Sanchez JDSS, Watanabe ERLRLR, Pietrobelli JMTATA, Lenzi GG (2016) Textile dye removal from aqueous solutions by malt bagasse: Isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 124:329–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.11.012Franco DSP, Georgin J, Netto MS, Allasia D, Oliveira MLS, Foletto EL, Dotto GL (2021) Highly effective adsorption of synthetic phenol effluent by a novel activated carbon prepared from fruit wastes of the Ceiba speciosa forest species. J Environ Chem Eng 9:105927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105927Franco DSP, Vieillard J, Salau NPG, Dotto GL (2020) Interpretations on the mechanism of In(III) adsorption onto chitosan and chitin: A mass transfer model approach. J Mol Liq 304:112758. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112758Freundlich H (1907) Über die Adsorption in Lösungen, Zeitschrift Für Phys. Chemie. 57U. https://doi.org/10.1515/zpch-1907-5723Georgin J, Boit Martinello Kda, Franco DSP, Netto MS, Piccilli DGA, Yilmaz M, Silva LFO, Dotto GL (2022) Residual peel of pitaya fruit (Hylocereus undatus) as a precursor to obtaining an efficient carbon-based adsorbent for the removal of metanil yellow dye from water. J Environ Chem Eng 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jece.2021.107006Georgin J, de YL, Salomón O, Franco DSP, Netto MS, Piccilli DGA, Perondi D, Silva LFO, Foletto EL, Dotto GL (2021) Development of highly porous activated carbon from Jacaranda mimosifolia seed pods for remarkable removal of aqueous-phase ketoprofen. J Environ Chem Eng 9:105676. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.jece.2021.105676Georgin J, Dotto GL, Mazutti MA, Foletto EL (2016) Preparation of activated carbon from peanut shell by conventional pyrolysis and microwave irradiation-pyrolysis to remove organic dyes from aqueous solutions. J Environ Chem Eng 4:266–275. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jece.2015.11.018Glueckauf E (1955) Theory of chromatography. Part 10.—Formulæ for diffusion into spheres and their application to chromatography. Trans Faraday Soc 51:1540–1551. https://doi.org/10. 1039/TF9555101540Goscianska J, Olejnik A, Ejsmont A, Galarda A, Wuttke S (2021) Overcoming the paracetamol dose challenge with wrinkled mesoporous carbon spheres. J Colloid Interface Sci 586:673–682. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCIS.2020.10.137Guo W, Fu Y, Jia R, Guo Z, Su C, Li J, Zhao X, Jin Y, Li P, Fan J, Zhang C, Qu P, Cui H, Gao S, Cheng H, Li J, Li X, Lu B, Xu X, Wang Z (2022) Visualization of the infection risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 through aerosol and surface transmission in a negative-pressure ward. Environ Int 162:107153. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2022.107153Han Q, Wang J, Goodman BA, Xie J, Liu Z (2020) High adsorption of methylene blue by activated carbon prepared from phosphoric acid treated eucalyptus residue. Powder Technol 366:239–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2020.02.013Hollender J, Singer H, McArdell CS (2008) Polar Organic Micropollutants. In: Hlavinek P, Bonacci O, Marsalek J, Mahrikova I (Eds.) The Water Cycle BT - Dangerous Pollutants (Xenobiotics) in Urban Water Cycle. Springer, Netherlands, Dordrecht, p 103–116. in:Husin NA, Muhamad M, Yahaya N, Miskam M, Syazni Nik Mohamed Kamal NN, Asman S, Raoov M, Mohamad Zain NN (2021) Application of a new choline-imidazole based deep eutectic solvents in hybrid magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer for efficient and selective removal of naproxen from aqueous samples. Mater Chem Phys 261:124228. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.124228Jari Y, Roche N, Necibi MC, El Hajjaji S, Dhiba D, Chehbouni A (2022) Emerging pollutants in moroccan wastewater: occurrence, impact, and removal technologies. J Chem 2022:9727857. https:// doi.org/10.1155/2022/9727857Katibi KK, Yunos KF, Che Man H, Aris AZ, bin Mohd Nor MZ, binti Azis RS (2021) Recent advances in the rejection of endocrinedisrupting compounds from water using membrane and membrane bioreactor technologies: a review. Polymers (Basel) 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13030392Kerkhoff CM, da Boit Martinello K, Franco DSP, Netto MS, Georgin J, Foletto EL, Piccilli DGA, Silva LFO, Dotto GL (2021) Adsorption of ketoprofen and paracetamol and treatment of a synthetic mixture by novel porous carbon derived from Butia capitata endocarp. J Mol Liq 339:117184. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.molliq.2021.117184Khan AH, Khan NA, Zubair M, Azfar Shaida M, Manzar MS, Abutaleb A, Naushad M, Iqbal J (2022) Sustainable green nanoadsorbents for remediation of pharmaceuticals from water and wastewater: A critical review. Environ Res 204:112243. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.112243Khetan SK, Collins TJ (2007) Human pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment: A challenge to green chemisty. Chem Rev 107:2319–2364. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr020441wKlavarioti M, Mantzavinos D, Kassinos D (2009) Removal of residual pharmaceuticals from aqueous systems by advanced oxidation processes. Environ Int 35:402–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. envint.2008.07.009Kong X, Gao H, Song X, Deng Y, Zhang Y (2020) Adsorption of phenol on porous carbon from Toona sinensis leaves and its mechanism. Chem Phys Lett 739:137046. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.cplett.2019.137046Konozy EHE, Bernardes ES, Rosa C, Faca V, Greene LJ, Ward RJ (2003) Isolation, purification, and physicochemical characterization of a D-galactose-binding lectin from seeds of Erythrina speciosa. Arch Biochem Biophys 410:222–229. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0003-9861(02)00695-1Langmuir I (1918) The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum. J Am Chem Soc 40:1361–1403. https://doi. org/10.1021/ja02242a004Lazarotto JS, Boit Martinello Kda, Georgin J, Franco DSP, Netto MS, Piccilli DGA, Silva LFO, Lima EC, Dotto GL (2021) Preparation of activated carbon from the residues of the mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) production chain for the adsorption of the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic herbicide. J Environ Chem Eng 9. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jece.2021.106843Li Y, Wang Y, He L, Meng L, Lu H, Li X (2020) Preparation of poly(4-vinylpyridine)-functionalized magnetic Al-MOF for the removal of naproxen from aqueous solution. J Hazard Mater 383:121144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121144Liakos EV, Rekos K, Giannakoudakis DA, Mitropoulos AC, Fu J, Kyzas GZ (2021) Activated porous carbon derived from tea and plane tree leaves biomass for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds from wastewaters. Antibiotics 10. https://doi.org/10. 3390/antibiotics10010065Lima DR, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A, Thue PS, Lima EC, de Albuquerque YRT, dos Reis GS, Umpierres CS, Dias SLP, Tran HN (2019) Efficient acetaminophen removal from water and hospital effluents treatment by activated carbons derived from Brazil nutshells. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 583:123966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123966López-Cázares MI, Isaacs-Páez ED, Ascacio-Valdés J, Aguilar-González CN, Rangel-Mendez JR, Chazaro-Ruiz LF (2021) Electroassisted naproxen adsorption followed by its electrodegradation and simultaneous electroreactivation of the activated carbon electrode. Sep Purif Technol 258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. seppur.2020.118030Madden JC, Enoch SJ, Hewitt M, Cronin MTD (2009) Pharmaceuticals in the environment: Good practice in predicting acute ecotoxicological effects. Toxicol Lett 185:85–101. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.12.005Manzar MS, Zubair M, Khan NA, Husain Khan A, Baig U, Aziz MA, Blaisi NI, Abdel-Magid HIM (2020) Adsorption behaviour of green coffee residues for decolourization of hazardous congo red and eriochrome black T dyes from aqueous solutions. Int J Environ Anal Chem. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2020.1811260Martín J, Buchberger W, Santos JL, Alonso E, Aparicio I (2012) Highperformance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method for the analysis of antidiabetic drugs in aqueous environmental samples. J Chromatogr B Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci 895–896:94–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jchromb.2012.03.023Mashayekh-Salehi A, Moussavi G (2016) Removal of acetaminophen from the contaminated water using adsorption onto carbon activated with NH4Cl. Desalin Water Treat 57:12861–12873. https:// doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1051588Medina CL, Sanches MC, Tucci MLS, Sousa CAF, Cuzzuol GRF, Joly CA (2009) Erythrina speciosa (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) under soil water saturation: Morphophysiological and growth responses. Ann Bot 104:671–680. https://doi.org/10. 1093/aob/mcp159Mestre AS, Tyszko E, Andrade MA, Galhetas M, Freire C, Carvalho AP (2015) Sustainable activated carbons prepared from a sucrosederived hydrochar: remarkable adsorbents for pharmaceutical compounds. RSC Adv 5:19696–19707. https://doi.org/10.1039/ C4RA14495CNandan A, Siddiqui NA, Singh C, Aeri A, Gwenzi W, Ighalo JO, de Carvalho Nagliate P, Meili L, Singh P, Chaukura N, Rangabhashiyam S(2021) COVID-19 pandemic in Uttarakhand, India: Environmental recovery or degradation J Environ Chem Eng 9:106595. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JECE.2021.106595Neuwoehner J, Escher BI (2011) The pH-dependent toxicity of basic pharmaceuticals in the green algae Scenedesmus vacuolatus can be explained with a toxicokinetic ion-trapping model. Aquat Toxicol 101:266–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.10. 008Norouzi S, Heidari M, Alipour V, Rahmanian O, Fazlzadeh M, Mohammadi-moghadam F, Nourmoradi H, Goudarzi B, Dindarloo K (2018) Preparation, characterization and Cr(VI) adsorption evaluation of NaOH-activated carbon produced from Date Press Cake; an agro-industrial waste. Bioresour Technol 258:48–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.106Ocampo-Perez R, Padilla-Ortega E, Medellin-Castillo NA, CoronadoOyarvide P, Aguilar-Madera CG, Segovia-Sandoval SJ, FloresRamírez R, Parra-Marfil A (2019) Synthesis of biochar from chili seeds and its application to remove ibuprofen from water. Equilibrium and 3D modeling. Sci Total Environ 655:1397–1408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.283Ogunmodede J, Akanji SB, Bello OS (2021) Moringa oleifera seed pod-based adsorbent for the removal of paracetamol from aqueous solution: A novel approach toward diversification. Environ Prog\Sustain Energy 40:e13615. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep. 13615Oksman K, Mathew AP, Bondeson D, Kvien I (2006) Manufacturing process of cellulose whiskers/polylactic acid nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 66:2776–2784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. compscitech.2006.03.002Pereira MFR, Soares SF, Órfão JJM, Figueiredo JL (2003) Adsorption of dyes on activated carbons: Influence of surface chemical groups. Carbon N. Y 41:811–821. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008- 6223(02)00406-2Phasuphan W, Praphairaksit N, Imyim A (2019) Removal of ibuprofen, diclofenac, and naproxen from water using chitosan-modified waste tire crumb rubber. J Mol Liq 294:111554. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111554Pi N, Ng JZ, Kelly BC (2017) Bioaccumulation of pharmaceutically active compounds and endocrine disrupting chemicals in aquatic macrophytes: Results of hydroponic experiments with Echinodorus horemanii and Eichhornia crassipes. Sci Total Environ 601–602:812–820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.137Puchana-Rosero MJ, Adebayo MA, Lima EC, Machado FM, Thue PS, Vaghetti JCP, Umpierres CS, Gutterres M (2016) Microwaveassisted activated carbon obtained from the sludge of tannerytreatment effluent plant for removal of leather dyes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 504:105–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. colsurfa.2016.05.059D.U. Quintela, D.C. Henrique, P.V. dos, S. Lins, A.H. Ide, A. Erto, J.L. da S. Duarte, L. Meili, Waste of Mytella Falcata shells for removal of a triarylmethane biocide from water: Kinetic, equilibrium, regeneration and thermodynamic studies, Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces. 195 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j. colsurfb.2020.111230Rahman A, Hango HJ, Daniel LS, Uahengo V, Jaime SJ, Bhaskaruni SVHS, Jonnalagadda SB (2019) Chemical preparation of activated carbon from Acacia erioloba seed pods using H2SO4 as impregnating agent for water treatment: An environmentally benevolent approach. J Clean Prod 237:117689. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117689Rakić V, Rac V, Krmar M, Otman O, Auroux A (2015) The adsorption of pharmaceutically active compounds from aqueous solutions onto activated carbons. J Hazard Mater 282:141–149. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.04.062Ruthven DM (1984) Principles of adsorption and adsorption processes, 7th ed. John Wiley & Sons, Berlim, https://doi.org/10. 1016/0167-6989(85)90037-6Salomón YL, Georgin J, Franco DSP, Netto MS, Piccilli DGA, Foletto EL, Pinto D, Oliveira MLS, Dotto GL (2022) Adsorption of atrazine herbicide from water by diospyros kaki fruit waste activated carbon. J Mol Liq 347:117990. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.molliq.2021.117990Saood Manzar M, Ahmad T, Ullah N, Velayudhaperumal Chellam P, John J, Zubair M, Brandão RJ, Meili L, Alagha O, Çevik E (2022) Comparative adsorption of Eriochrome Black T and Tetracycline by NaOH-modified steel dust: Kinetic and process modeling. Sep Purif Technol 287:120559. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.seppur.2022.120559Siedlecka EM, Ofiarska A, Borzyszkowska AF, Białk-Bielińska A, Stepnowski P, Pieczyńska A (2018) Cytostatic drug removal using electrochemical oxidation with BDD electrode: Degradation pathway and toxicity. Water Res 144:235–245. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.03580879571Residual podDrug removalAdsorption of pollutantsEmergent pollutantsPublicationORIGINALAdsorption of the First-Line Covid Treatment Analgesic onto Activated Carbon from Residual Pods of Erythrina Speciosa.pdfAdsorption of the First-Line Covid Treatment Analgesic onto Activated Carbon from Residual Pods of Erythrina Speciosa.pdfArtículoapplication/pdf206714https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/0678a834-d6fd-4b23-95ad-f6175dfa75bd/download8df634d916f927d225aa6ccccbd97d10MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/7a4761ea-83cc-4e5d-b946-7e986f4bc0b7/download2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52TEXTAdsorption of the First-Line Covid Treatment Analgesic onto Activated Carbon from Residual Pods of Erythrina Speciosa.pdf.txtAdsorption of the First-Line Covid Treatment Analgesic onto Activated Carbon from Residual Pods of Erythrina Speciosa.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain1640https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/6142b697-22b5-472a-836c-37d10f884a1d/downloadc2e5df3c1084ed1727a983b4aabbf6c3MD53THUMBNAILAdsorption of the First-Line Covid Treatment Analgesic onto Activated Carbon from Residual Pods of Erythrina Speciosa.pdf.jpgAdsorption of the First-Line Covid Treatment Analgesic onto Activated Carbon from Residual Pods of Erythrina Speciosa.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg13730https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/09e81339-679f-4fb7-9a5b-48967039840c/download464ecf4d84c24e0d7efcf56b7a09c188MD5411323/10348oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/103482024-09-17 10:45:42.141https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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