GAD-7 Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale in Colombian medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: construct validity and reliability

Introduction: The detection of anxiety symptoms among health workers who care for patients infected with COVID-19 is a current priority. Fast and valid instruments are required for this population group. The objective is to establish the construct validity and reliability of the Generalised Anxiety...

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Autores:
Camargo, Loida
Herrera-Pino, Jorge Alfredo
Shelach , Salomon
Soto-Añari, Marcio
Porto, Maria F.
Alonso, Monica
González, Miguel
Contreras, Oscar
Caldichoury, Nicole
Ramos-Henderson, Miguel
GARGIULO, Pascual
López, Norman
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2021
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/8576
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8576
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcp.2021.06.003
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Anxiety
COVID-19
GAD-7
Health workers
Psychometrics
Rights
embargoedAccess
License
CC0 1.0 Universal
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oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/8576
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network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv GAD-7 Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale in Colombian medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: construct validity and reliability
title GAD-7 Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale in Colombian medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: construct validity and reliability
spellingShingle GAD-7 Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale in Colombian medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: construct validity and reliability
Anxiety
COVID-19
GAD-7
Health workers
Psychometrics
title_short GAD-7 Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale in Colombian medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: construct validity and reliability
title_full GAD-7 Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale in Colombian medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: construct validity and reliability
title_fullStr GAD-7 Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale in Colombian medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: construct validity and reliability
title_full_unstemmed GAD-7 Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale in Colombian medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: construct validity and reliability
title_sort GAD-7 Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale in Colombian medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: construct validity and reliability
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Camargo, Loida
Herrera-Pino, Jorge Alfredo
Shelach , Salomon
Soto-Añari, Marcio
Porto, Maria F.
Alonso, Monica
González, Miguel
Contreras, Oscar
Caldichoury, Nicole
Ramos-Henderson, Miguel
GARGIULO, Pascual
López, Norman
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Camargo, Loida
Herrera-Pino, Jorge Alfredo
Shelach , Salomon
Soto-Añari, Marcio
Porto, Maria F.
Alonso, Monica
González, Miguel
Contreras, Oscar
Caldichoury, Nicole
Ramos-Henderson, Miguel
GARGIULO, Pascual
López, Norman
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Anxiety
COVID-19
GAD-7
Health workers
Psychometrics
topic Anxiety
COVID-19
GAD-7
Health workers
Psychometrics
description Introduction: The detection of anxiety symptoms among health workers who care for patients infected with COVID-19 is a current priority. Fast and valid instruments are required for this population group. The objective is to establish the construct validity and reliability of the Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale in Colombian doctors during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: E-health study, in which cross-sectional data were collected online (n = 1,030) from 610 COVID doctors and 420 non-COVID doctors, during the Colombian lockdown, between 20 April and 10 August 2020. Each subject was contacted, and they confirmed their participation, identity and professional role. Results: A single factor factorial structure was found, made up of the 7 items of the instrument, which managed to explain 70% of the variance. The goodness of fit indices (RMSEA = 0.080; CFI = 0.995; SRMR = 0.053; p < 0.001) showed an “acceptable” unidimensionality and adequate factor loadings in each item of the GAD-7, >0.070. Finally, the internal consistency of the instrument was good, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.920 (95%IC, 8.80-9.71). Conclusions: The GAD-7 is an instrument that presents adequate indicators of validity and reliability. It is an excellent tool that is reliable and easy and fast to use for the detection of generalised anxiety symptoms in medical personnel caring (or not) for patients infected with COVID-19.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2021-08-23T13:40:41Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2021-08-23T13:40:41Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2021-06-14
dc.date.embargoEnd.none.fl_str_mv 2022-06-14
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcp.2021.06.003
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
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identifier_str_mv 00347450
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8576
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcp.2021.06.003
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv 1. Asociación Americana de Psiquiatría. Manual diagnóstico yestadístico de los trastornos mentales: DSM-5. APA; 2014.
2. Phillips KA, Friedman MJ, Stein DJ, Craske M. Special DSM-Vissues on anxiety, obsessive-compulsive spectrum,posttraumatic, and dissociative disorders. Depress Anxiety.2010;27:91–2.
3. Danet Danet A. Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemicin Western frontline healthcare professionals. A systematicreview. Med Clin (Barc). 2021.
4. Alonso J, Vilagut G, Mortier P, Ferrer M, Alayo I, Aragón-Pe ̃naA, et al. Mental health impact of the first wave of COVID-19pandemic on Spanish healthcare workers: A largecross-sectional survey. Rev Psiquiatria Salud Mental. 2021.
5. Zheng R, Zhou Y, Qiu M, Ya n Y, Yu e J, Yu L, et al. Prevalenceand associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stressamong Hubei pediatric nurses during COVID-19 pandemic.Comprehens Psychiatry. 2021:104.
6. Liu CY, Yang YZ, Zhang XM, Xu X, Dou QL, Zhang W, et al. Theprevalence and influencing factors in anxiety in medicalworkers fighting COVID-19 in China: A cross-sectional survey.Epidemiol Infect. 2020:148.
7. Feinstein RE, Kotara S, Jones B, Shanor D, Nemeroff CB. Ahealth care workers mental health crisis line in the age ofCOVID-19. Depress Anxiety. 2020;37:822–6.
8. da Silva FCT, Neto MLR. Psychological effects caused by theCOVID-19 pandemic in health professionals: A systematicreview with meta-analysis. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol BiolPsychiatry. 2021:104.
9. Thombs BD, Saadat N, Riehm KE, Karter JM, Vaswani A,Andrews BK, et al. Consistency and sources of divergence inrecommendations on screening with questionnaires forpresently experienced health problems or symptoms: Acomparison of recommendations from the Canadian TaskForce on Preventive Health Care UK National ScreeningCommittee, and US Preventive Services Task Force. BMCMedicine. 2017;15:150.
10. Cassiani-Miranda CA, Cuadros-Cruz AK, Torres-Pinzón H,Scoppetta O, Pinzón-Tarrazona JH, López-Fuentes WY, et al.Validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) fordepression screening in adult primary care users inBucaramanga. Colombia. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. 2021;50:11–21.
11. Scoppetta O, Cassiani-Miranda CA, Arocha-Díaz KN,Cabanzo-Arenas DF, Campo-Arias A. Validity of the patienthealth questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) for the detection ofdepression in primary care in Colombia. J Affect Disord.2021;278:576–82.
12. Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JBW, Löwe B. A brief measurefor assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. ArchIntern Med. 2006;166:1092–7.
13. Ahn J-K, Kim Y, Choi K-H. The psychometric properties andclinical utility of the Korean version of GAD-7 and GAD-2.Front Psychiatry. 2019;10:127.
14. Gong Y, Zhou H, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Wang X, Shen B, et al.Validation of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale(GAD-7) as a screening tool for anxiety among pregnantChinese women. J Affect Disord. 2021;282:98–103.
15. Hinz A, Klein AM, Brähler E, Glaesmer H, Luck T, Riedel-HellerSG, et al. Psychometric evaluation of the Generalized AnxietyDisorder Screener GAD-7, based on a large German generalpopulation sample. J Affect Disord. 2017;210:338–44.
16. Monterrosa-Castro A, Redondo-Mendoza V, Mercado-Lara M.Psychosocial factors associated with symptoms ofgeneralized anxiety disorder in general practitioners duringthe COVID-19 pandemic. J Invest Med. 2020;68:1228–34.
17. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of abrief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med.2001;16:606–13.
18. García-Campayo J, Zamorano E, Ruiz MA, Pardo A,Pérez-Páramo M, López-Gómez V, et al. Cultural adaptationinto Spanish of the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7)scale as a screening tool. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2010:8.
19. Masuyama A, Shinkawa H, Kubo T. Validation andpsychometric properties of the Japanese version Fear ofCOVID-19 Scale among adolescents. 2020. Disponible en:https://psyarxiv.com/jkmut/. Consultado 25 Mar 2021.
20. Mu ̃noz-Navarro R, Cano-Vindel A, Moriana JA, Medrano LA,Ruiz-Rodríguez P, Agüero-Gento L, et al. Screening forgeneralized anxiety disorder in Spanish primary care centerswith the GAD-7. Psychiatr Res. 2017;256:312–7.
21. Seo JG, Park SP. Validation of the Generalized AnxietyDisorder-7 (GAD-7) and GAD-2 in patients with migraine. JHeadache Pain. 2015;16:1–7.
22. Zhong QY, Gelaye B, Zaslavsky AM, Fann JR, Rondon MB,Sánchez SE, et al. Diagnostic validity of the generalizedanxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) among pregnant women. PLoSONE. 2015;10:125096.
23. Jordan P, Shedden-Mora MC, Löwe B. Psychometric analysis ofthe Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) in primarycare using modern item response theory. PLoS ONE.2017;12(8.).
24. Esser P, Hartung TJ, Friedrich M, Johansen C, Wittchen HU,Faller H. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7)and the anxiety module of the Hospital and Depression Scale(HADS-A) as screening tools for generalized anxiety disorderamong cancer patients. Psycho-Oncol. 2018;27:1509–16.
25. Teo WZY, Soo YE, Yip C, Lizhen O, Chun-Tsu L. Thepsychological impact of COVID-19 on ‘hidden’ frontlinehealthcare workers. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020. Disponible en:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32779498/.
26. Osman A, Wong JL, Bagge CL, Freedenthal S, Gutierrez PM,Lozano G. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21):further examination of dimensions, scale reliability, andcorrelates. J Clin Psychol. 2012;68:1322–38.
27. Ma Y, Rosenheck R, He H. Psychological stress among healthcare professionals during the 2019 novel coronavirus diseaseOutbreak: Cases from online consulting customers. IntensCrit Care Nurs. 2020;61:102905.
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spelling Camargo, LoidaHerrera-Pino, Jorge AlfredoShelach , SalomonSoto-Añari, MarcioPorto, Maria F.Alonso, MonicaGonzález, MiguelContreras, OscarCaldichoury, NicoleRamos-Henderson, MiguelGARGIULO, PascualLópez, Norman2021-08-23T13:40:41Z2021-08-23T13:40:41Z2021-06-142022-06-1400347450https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8576https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcp.2021.06.003Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Introduction: The detection of anxiety symptoms among health workers who care for patients infected with COVID-19 is a current priority. Fast and valid instruments are required for this population group. The objective is to establish the construct validity and reliability of the Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale in Colombian doctors during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: E-health study, in which cross-sectional data were collected online (n = 1,030) from 610 COVID doctors and 420 non-COVID doctors, during the Colombian lockdown, between 20 April and 10 August 2020. Each subject was contacted, and they confirmed their participation, identity and professional role. Results: A single factor factorial structure was found, made up of the 7 items of the instrument, which managed to explain 70% of the variance. The goodness of fit indices (RMSEA = 0.080; CFI = 0.995; SRMR = 0.053; p < 0.001) showed an “acceptable” unidimensionality and adequate factor loadings in each item of the GAD-7, >0.070. Finally, the internal consistency of the instrument was good, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.920 (95%IC, 8.80-9.71). Conclusions: The GAD-7 is an instrument that presents adequate indicators of validity and reliability. It is an excellent tool that is reliable and easy and fast to use for the detection of generalised anxiety symptoms in medical personnel caring (or not) for patients infected with COVID-19.Camargo, Loida-will be generated-orcid-0000-0003-0056-6832-600Herrera-Pino, Jorge Alfredo-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-2690-4791-600Shelach, Salomon-will be generated-orcid-0000-0003-0314-423X-600Soto-Añari, Marcio-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-9121-3284-600Porto, Maria F.Alonso, Monica-will be generated-orcid-0000-0001-6683-5957-600González, MiguelContreras, Oscar-will be generated-orcid-0000-0001-9808-9776-600Caldichoury, NicoleRamos-Henderson, Miguel-will be generated-orcid-0000-0003-1045-6872-600GARGIULO, Pascual-will be generated-orcid-0000-0003-2962-4346-600López, Normanapplication/pdfengRevista Colombiana de PsiquiatríaCC0 1.0 Universalhttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cfRevista Colombiana de Psiquiatríahttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034745021001098?via%3Dihub#!AnxietyCOVID-19GAD-7Health workersPsychometricsGAD-7 Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale in Colombian medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: construct validity and reliabilityArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion1. Asociación Americana de Psiquiatría. Manual diagnóstico yestadístico de los trastornos mentales: DSM-5. APA; 2014.2. Phillips KA, Friedman MJ, Stein DJ, Craske M. Special DSM-Vissues on anxiety, obsessive-compulsive spectrum,posttraumatic, and dissociative disorders. Depress Anxiety.2010;27:91–2.3. Danet Danet A. Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemicin Western frontline healthcare professionals. A systematicreview. Med Clin (Barc). 2021.4. Alonso J, Vilagut G, Mortier P, Ferrer M, Alayo I, Aragón-Pe ̃naA, et al. Mental health impact of the first wave of COVID-19pandemic on Spanish healthcare workers: A largecross-sectional survey. Rev Psiquiatria Salud Mental. 2021.5. Zheng R, Zhou Y, Qiu M, Ya n Y, Yu e J, Yu L, et al. Prevalenceand associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stressamong Hubei pediatric nurses during COVID-19 pandemic.Comprehens Psychiatry. 2021:104.6. Liu CY, Yang YZ, Zhang XM, Xu X, Dou QL, Zhang W, et al. Theprevalence and influencing factors in anxiety in medicalworkers fighting COVID-19 in China: A cross-sectional survey.Epidemiol Infect. 2020:148.7. Feinstein RE, Kotara S, Jones B, Shanor D, Nemeroff CB. Ahealth care workers mental health crisis line in the age ofCOVID-19. Depress Anxiety. 2020;37:822–6.8. da Silva FCT, Neto MLR. Psychological effects caused by theCOVID-19 pandemic in health professionals: A systematicreview with meta-analysis. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol BiolPsychiatry. 2021:104.9. Thombs BD, Saadat N, Riehm KE, Karter JM, Vaswani A,Andrews BK, et al. Consistency and sources of divergence inrecommendations on screening with questionnaires forpresently experienced health problems or symptoms: Acomparison of recommendations from the Canadian TaskForce on Preventive Health Care UK National ScreeningCommittee, and US Preventive Services Task Force. BMCMedicine. 2017;15:150.10. Cassiani-Miranda CA, Cuadros-Cruz AK, Torres-Pinzón H,Scoppetta O, Pinzón-Tarrazona JH, López-Fuentes WY, et al.Validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) fordepression screening in adult primary care users inBucaramanga. Colombia. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. 2021;50:11–21.11. Scoppetta O, Cassiani-Miranda CA, Arocha-Díaz KN,Cabanzo-Arenas DF, Campo-Arias A. Validity of the patienthealth questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) for the detection ofdepression in primary care in Colombia. J Affect Disord.2021;278:576–82.12. Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JBW, Löwe B. A brief measurefor assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. ArchIntern Med. 2006;166:1092–7.13. Ahn J-K, Kim Y, Choi K-H. The psychometric properties andclinical utility of the Korean version of GAD-7 and GAD-2.Front Psychiatry. 2019;10:127.14. Gong Y, Zhou H, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Wang X, Shen B, et al.Validation of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale(GAD-7) as a screening tool for anxiety among pregnantChinese women. J Affect Disord. 2021;282:98–103.15. Hinz A, Klein AM, Brähler E, Glaesmer H, Luck T, Riedel-HellerSG, et al. Psychometric evaluation of the Generalized AnxietyDisorder Screener GAD-7, based on a large German generalpopulation sample. J Affect Disord. 2017;210:338–44.16. Monterrosa-Castro A, Redondo-Mendoza V, Mercado-Lara M.Psychosocial factors associated with symptoms ofgeneralized anxiety disorder in general practitioners duringthe COVID-19 pandemic. J Invest Med. 2020;68:1228–34.17. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of abrief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med.2001;16:606–13.18. García-Campayo J, Zamorano E, Ruiz MA, Pardo A,Pérez-Páramo M, López-Gómez V, et al. Cultural adaptationinto Spanish of the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7)scale as a screening tool. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2010:8.19. Masuyama A, Shinkawa H, Kubo T. Validation andpsychometric properties of the Japanese version Fear ofCOVID-19 Scale among adolescents. 2020. Disponible en:https://psyarxiv.com/jkmut/. Consultado 25 Mar 2021.20. Mu ̃noz-Navarro R, Cano-Vindel A, Moriana JA, Medrano LA,Ruiz-Rodríguez P, Agüero-Gento L, et al. Screening forgeneralized anxiety disorder in Spanish primary care centerswith the GAD-7. Psychiatr Res. 2017;256:312–7.21. Seo JG, Park SP. Validation of the Generalized AnxietyDisorder-7 (GAD-7) and GAD-2 in patients with migraine. JHeadache Pain. 2015;16:1–7.22. Zhong QY, Gelaye B, Zaslavsky AM, Fann JR, Rondon MB,Sánchez SE, et al. Diagnostic validity of the generalizedanxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) among pregnant women. PLoSONE. 2015;10:125096.23. Jordan P, Shedden-Mora MC, Löwe B. Psychometric analysis ofthe Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) in primarycare using modern item response theory. PLoS ONE.2017;12(8.).24. Esser P, Hartung TJ, Friedrich M, Johansen C, Wittchen HU,Faller H. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7)and the anxiety module of the Hospital and Depression Scale(HADS-A) as screening tools for generalized anxiety disorderamong cancer patients. Psycho-Oncol. 2018;27:1509–16.25. Teo WZY, Soo YE, Yip C, Lizhen O, Chun-Tsu L. Thepsychological impact of COVID-19 on ‘hidden’ frontlinehealthcare workers. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020. Disponible en:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32779498/.26. Osman A, Wong JL, Bagge CL, Freedenthal S, Gutierrez PM,Lozano G. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21):further examination of dimensions, scale reliability, andcorrelates. J Clin Psychol. 2012;68:1322–38.27. Ma Y, Rosenheck R, He H. Psychological stress among healthcare professionals during the 2019 novel coronavirus diseaseOutbreak: Cases from online consulting customers. 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