Validation of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ-C), short version, in colombian adolescents

Introduction. The most widely accepted theoretical and measurement model in personality study is the Big Five Personality Test, designed to measure five traits: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness. One of the most commonly used instruments for evaluating persona...

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Autores:
Robles-Haydar, Claudia A.
Amar-Amar, José
Martínez-González, Marina Begoña
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2022
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
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oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/9066
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https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9066
https://doi.org/10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2022.005
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Personality
Big Five Model
Adolescents
Psychometrics
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openAccess
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Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)
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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Validation of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ-C), short version, in colombian adolescents
title Validation of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ-C), short version, in colombian adolescents
spellingShingle Validation of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ-C), short version, in colombian adolescents
Personality
Big Five Model
Adolescents
Psychometrics
title_short Validation of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ-C), short version, in colombian adolescents
title_full Validation of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ-C), short version, in colombian adolescents
title_fullStr Validation of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ-C), short version, in colombian adolescents
title_full_unstemmed Validation of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ-C), short version, in colombian adolescents
title_sort Validation of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ-C), short version, in colombian adolescents
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Robles-Haydar, Claudia A.
Amar-Amar, José
Martínez-González, Marina Begoña
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Robles-Haydar, Claudia A.
Amar-Amar, José
Martínez-González, Marina Begoña
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Personality
Big Five Model
Adolescents
Psychometrics
topic Personality
Big Five Model
Adolescents
Psychometrics
description Introduction. The most widely accepted theoretical and measurement model in personality study is the Big Five Personality Test, designed to measure five traits: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness. One of the most commonly used instruments for evaluating personality in children and adolescents is the BFQ-C. However, its applicability may be limited by its length. The short version of the test has shown stability across different cultures but there is no empirical evidence on its psychometric properties to enable it to be used in the Latin American context. Objective. This study seeks to validate the short version of the Big Five Questionnaire for Children (BFQ-C) in the Colombian population. Method. The questionnaire was administered to 844 adolescents (55% boys and 45% girls) aged between 11 and 16 (M = 13.55 and SD = 2.30). Seven possible models were obtained from a series of exploratory and confirmatory analyses to explain the factorial structure of the test, which were compared with each other to find the model with the best statistical fit. Results. The model with the best absolute fit coincided with the five-factor proposal of the scale, for which empirical evidence is provided for the universality of the Big Five model. The factors showed adequate levels of reliability. Discussion and conclusion. The short version of the BFQ-C has good psychometric properties in adolescents and constitutes a useful instrument for measuring personality in the Latin American context.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-03-10T19:05:44Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-03-10T19:05:44Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2022
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv Robles-Haydar, C. A., Amar-Amar, J., & Martínez-González, M. B. (2022). Validation of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ-C), short version, in Colombian adolescents. Salud Mental, 45(1), 29-34.
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 0185-3325
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9066
dc.identifier.url.spa.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2022.005
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv 10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2022.005
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
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identifier_str_mv Robles-Haydar, C. A., Amar-Amar, J., & Martínez-González, M. B. (2022). Validation of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ-C), short version, in Colombian adolescents. Salud Mental, 45(1), 29-34.
0185-3325
10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2022.005
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9066
https://doi.org/10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2022.005
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Salud Mental
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Abihssira García, L. L. (2019). Rasgos de la Personalidad y Creatividad Determinantes en la Calidad y la Creatividad en Traducción. Colección Artes y Humanidades. Universidad de Murcia, Esp. https://digitum.um.es/digitum/handle/10201/71141
Alarcón, P. A., Pérez-Luco, R. X., Wenger, L. S., Salvo, S. I., & Chesta, S. A. (2018). Personalidad y gravedad delictiva en adolescentes con conducta antisocial persistente. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud, 9(1), 58-74. doi: 10.23923/j.rips.2018.01.015
Alomi, Y. A., & Rayah, I. H. A. A. (2020). Reliability and Validity of Biostatical Analysis used for Pharmacy Research Questionnaire in Saudi Arabia. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports, 6(3), 96-104. doi: 10.5530/PTB.2020.6.18
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., Rabasca, A., & Pastorelli, C. (2003). A questionnaire for measuring the Big Five in late childhood. Personality and Individual Differences, 34(4), 645-664. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00051-X
Beatton, T., & Frijters, P. (2012). Unhappy Young Australian: A domain approach to explain life satisfaction change in children. Working/Discussion Paper # 289, pp. 1-42. QUT School of Economics and Finance. https://melbourneinstitute.unimelb.edu.au/assets/documents/hilda-bibliography/working-discussion-research-papers/2012/Beatton_etal_Unhappy_Young_Australian.pdf
Bore, M., Laurens, K. R., Hobbs, M. J., Green, M. J., Tzoumakis, S., Harris, F., & Carr, V. J. (2020). Item Response Theory Analysis of the Big Five Questionnaire for Children–Short Form (BFC-SF): A Self-Report Measure of Personality in Children Aged 11–12 Years. Journal of Personality Disorders, 34(1), 40-63. doi: 10.1521/pedi_2018_32_380
Caprara, G. V., & Cervone, D. (2000). Personality: Determinants, Dynamics, and Potentials (1st Ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511812767
Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Borgogni, L., & Perugini, M. (1993). The “big five questionnaire”: A new questionnaire to assess the five factor model. Personality and Individual Differences, 15(3), 281-288. doi: 10.1016/0191-8869(93)90218-r
Caprara, G. V., Gerbino, M., Perinelli, E., Alessandri, G., Lenti, C., Walder, M., … Nobile, M. (2017). Individual Differences in Personality Associated with Aggressive Behavior among Adolescents Referred for Externalizing Behavior Problems. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 39(4), 680-692. doi: 10.1007/s10862-017-9608-8
Carrasco-Ortiz, M. Á., Holgado-Tello, F. P., & del Barrio-Gandara, M. V. (2005). Dimensionalidad del cuestionario de los cinco grandes (BFQ-N) en población infantil española. [Big five questionnaire dimensions in Spanish children (BFQ-C).]. Psicothema, 17(2), 286-291.
Cassaretto, M. (2009). Relación entre las cinco grandes dimensiones de la personalidad y el afrontamiento en estudiantes pre-universitarios de Lima Metropolitana. Universidad Nacional Mayor De San Marcos, Lima.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (2008). The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). In The SAGE Handbook of Personality Theory and Assessment: Volume 2—Personality Measurement and Testing (pp. 179-198). SAGE Publications Ltd. doi: 10.4135/9781849200479.n9
Cupani, M., & Ruarte, M. (2008). Propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de los Cinco Factores para Niños (BFQ-C) en una muestra de adolescentes argentinos. Estudios de Psicología, 29(3), 351-364. doi: 10.1174/021093908786145421
Cupani, M., Morán, V. E., Ghío, F. B., Azpilicueta, A. E., & Garrido, S. J. (2020). Psychometric Evaluation of the Big Five Questionnaire for Children (BFQ-C): A Rasch Model Approach. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(9), 2472-2486. doi: 10.1007/s10826-020-01752-y
Cupani, M., Sánchez, D., Gross, M., Chiepa, J., & Dean, R. (2013). El modelo de los cinco factores y su relación con los trastornos de personalidad. Revista de Peruana de Psicología y Trabajo Social, 2(2), 31-46.
del Barrio, V., Carrasco, M. A., & Holgado, F. P. (2006). Factor Structure Invariance in the Children’s Big Five Questionnaire. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 22(3), 158-167. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759.22.3.158
Domínguez-Lara, A. (2014). ¿Matrices policóricas/tetracóricas o matrices Pearson? Un estudio metodológico. Revista Argentina de Ciencias Del Comportamiento (RACC), 6(1), 39-48. doi: 10.32348/1852.4206.v6.n1.6357
Edo, S., Moya, J., Lores, J., Luelmo, V., Ibañez, M., & Ortet, G. (2002). Estudio psicométrico de la versión española del Cuestionario de los Cinco Grandes para Niños (BFQ-N). Fòrum de Recerca, 8, 1-8. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10234/79660
Freiberg-Hoffmann, A., Stover, B., de la Iglesia, G., & Fernández-Liporace, M. (2013). Correlaciones policóricas y tetracóricas en estudios factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios. Ciencias Psicológicas, 7(2), 151-164.
Goldberg, L. R. (1992). The development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure. Psychological Assessment, 4(1), 26-42. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.26
González-Hernández, J., & Ato-Gil, N. (2019). Relación de los rasgos de personalidad y la actividad física con la depresión en adolescentes. Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes, 6(1), 29-35. doi: 10.21134/rpcna.2019.06.1.4
Hajjar, S. E. (2018). Statistical analysis: internal-consistency reliability and construct validity. International Journal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods, 6(1), 46-57.
Holgado-Tello, F. P., Carrasco-Ortiz, M. Á., del Barrio-Gándara, M. V., & Chacón-Moscoso, S. (2009). Factor analysis of the Big Five Questionnaire using polychoric correlations in children. Quality & Quantity, 43(1), 75-85. doi: 10.1007/s11135-007-9085-3
Kim, B.-H., & Kim, J.-H. (2012). Validation of Korean short version of the big five questionnaire for children. The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling, 11(3), 371-390.
Kuzmina, Y., Rean, A., Zinchenko, Y., Fenin, A., Malykh, A., Kovas, Y., & Malykh, S. (2018). Bfq-Rb(Russian Brief): Short Big-Five Questionnaire to Measure Facets and Factors of Personality (pp. 326-337). doi: 10.15405/epsbs.2018.11.02.37
Lemos, V. (2006). La evaluación de la personalidad infantil a partir del enfoque de los cinco grandes factores de personalidad (Big Five). Psicodiagnosticar, 16, 97-108.
Lorenzo-Seva, U., & Ferrando, P. J. (2020). Not Positive Definite Correlation Matrices in Exploratory Item Factor Analysis: Causes, Consequences, and a Proposed Solution. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 28(1), 138-147. doi: 10.1080/10705511.2020.1735393
Mamazza, L. (2012). Lo studio della personalità in una prospettiva longitudinale: Misura e relazioni con intelligenza, profitto scolastico e indicatori di buono / cattivo adattamento (Tesis Doctoral). Università degli Studi di Padova. Retrieved from http://paduaresearch.cab.unipd.it/4489/
Markos, A., & Kokkinos, C. M. (2017). Development of a short form of the Greek Big Five Questionnaire for Children (GBFQ-C-SF): Validation among preadolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 112, 12-17. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.02.045
Muris, P., Meesters, C., & Diederen, R. (2005). Psychometric properties of the Big Five Questionnaire for Children (BFQ-C) in a Dutch sample of young adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(8), 1757-1769. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2004.11.018
Olivier, M., & Herve, M. (2015). The Big Five Questionnaire for Children (BFQ-C): A French validation on 8- to 14-year-old children. Personality and Individual Differences, 87, 55-58. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.030
Simkin, H., Etchezahar, E., & Ungaretti, J. (2012). Personalidad y Autoestima desde el modelo y la teoría de los Cinco Factores. Hologramática, 7(17), 171-193. Retrieved from http://psicologiasocial.sociales.uba.ar/wp-content/uploads/sites/162/2013/06/Simkin__Etchezahar__Ungaretti_-_2012_-_Personalidad_y_Autoestima_desde_el_modelo_y_la_teoria_de_los_Cinco_Factores_1-libre.pdf
Soto, G., Ferrándiz, C., Sáinz, M., Ferrando, M., Prieto, M. D., Bermejo, R., & Hernández, D. (2011). Características psicométricas del cuestionario de personalidad BFQ-NA (Big Five Questionnaire—Niños y Adolescentes). Aula Abierta, 39(1), 13-24.
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spelling Robles-Haydar, Claudia A.Amar-Amar, JoséMartínez-González, Marina Begoña2022-03-10T19:05:44Z2022-03-10T19:05:44Z2022Robles-Haydar, C. A., Amar-Amar, J., & Martínez-González, M. B. (2022). Validation of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ-C), short version, in Colombian adolescents. Salud Mental, 45(1), 29-34.0185-3325https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9066https://doi.org/10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2022.00510.17711/SM.0185-3325.2022.005Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Introduction. The most widely accepted theoretical and measurement model in personality study is the Big Five Personality Test, designed to measure five traits: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness. One of the most commonly used instruments for evaluating personality in children and adolescents is the BFQ-C. However, its applicability may be limited by its length. The short version of the test has shown stability across different cultures but there is no empirical evidence on its psychometric properties to enable it to be used in the Latin American context. Objective. This study seeks to validate the short version of the Big Five Questionnaire for Children (BFQ-C) in the Colombian population. Method. The questionnaire was administered to 844 adolescents (55% boys and 45% girls) aged between 11 and 16 (M = 13.55 and SD = 2.30). Seven possible models were obtained from a series of exploratory and confirmatory analyses to explain the factorial structure of the test, which were compared with each other to find the model with the best statistical fit. Results. The model with the best absolute fit coincided with the five-factor proposal of the scale, for which empirical evidence is provided for the universality of the Big Five model. The factors showed adequate levels of reliability. Discussion and conclusion. The short version of the BFQ-C has good psychometric properties in adolescents and constitutes a useful instrument for measuring personality in the Latin American context.6 páginasapplication/pdfengElsevier GmbHMexicoCopyright: Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. Czda. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Alcaldía Tlalpan, 14370 CDMX, México.Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Validation of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ-C), short version, in colombian adolescentsArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://revistasaludmental.mx/index.php/salud_mental/article/view/SM.0185-3325.2022.005ColombiaSalud MentalAbihssira García, L. L. (2019). Rasgos de la Personalidad y Creatividad Determinantes en la Calidad y la Creatividad en Traducción. Colección Artes y Humanidades. Universidad de Murcia, Esp. https://digitum.um.es/digitum/handle/10201/71141Alarcón, P. A., Pérez-Luco, R. X., Wenger, L. S., Salvo, S. I., & Chesta, S. A. (2018). Personalidad y gravedad delictiva en adolescentes con conducta antisocial persistente. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud, 9(1), 58-74. doi: 10.23923/j.rips.2018.01.015Alomi, Y. A., & Rayah, I. H. A. A. (2020). Reliability and Validity of Biostatical Analysis used for Pharmacy Research Questionnaire in Saudi Arabia. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports, 6(3), 96-104. doi: 10.5530/PTB.2020.6.18Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., Rabasca, A., & Pastorelli, C. (2003). A questionnaire for measuring the Big Five in late childhood. Personality and Individual Differences, 34(4), 645-664. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00051-XBeatton, T., & Frijters, P. (2012). Unhappy Young Australian: A domain approach to explain life satisfaction change in children. Working/Discussion Paper # 289, pp. 1-42. QUT School of Economics and Finance. https://melbourneinstitute.unimelb.edu.au/assets/documents/hilda-bibliography/working-discussion-research-papers/2012/Beatton_etal_Unhappy_Young_Australian.pdfBore, M., Laurens, K. R., Hobbs, M. J., Green, M. J., Tzoumakis, S., Harris, F., & Carr, V. J. (2020). Item Response Theory Analysis of the Big Five Questionnaire for Children–Short Form (BFC-SF): A Self-Report Measure of Personality in Children Aged 11–12 Years. Journal of Personality Disorders, 34(1), 40-63. doi: 10.1521/pedi_2018_32_380Caprara, G. V., & Cervone, D. (2000). Personality: Determinants, Dynamics, and Potentials (1st Ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511812767Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Borgogni, L., & Perugini, M. (1993). The “big five questionnaire”: A new questionnaire to assess the five factor model. Personality and Individual Differences, 15(3), 281-288. doi: 10.1016/0191-8869(93)90218-rCaprara, G. V., Gerbino, M., Perinelli, E., Alessandri, G., Lenti, C., Walder, M., … Nobile, M. (2017). Individual Differences in Personality Associated with Aggressive Behavior among Adolescents Referred for Externalizing Behavior Problems. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 39(4), 680-692. doi: 10.1007/s10862-017-9608-8Carrasco-Ortiz, M. Á., Holgado-Tello, F. P., & del Barrio-Gandara, M. V. (2005). Dimensionalidad del cuestionario de los cinco grandes (BFQ-N) en población infantil española. [Big five questionnaire dimensions in Spanish children (BFQ-C).]. Psicothema, 17(2), 286-291.Cassaretto, M. (2009). Relación entre las cinco grandes dimensiones de la personalidad y el afrontamiento en estudiantes pre-universitarios de Lima Metropolitana. Universidad Nacional Mayor De San Marcos, Lima.Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (2008). The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). In The SAGE Handbook of Personality Theory and Assessment: Volume 2—Personality Measurement and Testing (pp. 179-198). SAGE Publications Ltd. doi: 10.4135/9781849200479.n9Cupani, M., & Ruarte, M. (2008). Propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de los Cinco Factores para Niños (BFQ-C) en una muestra de adolescentes argentinos. Estudios de Psicología, 29(3), 351-364. doi: 10.1174/021093908786145421Cupani, M., Morán, V. E., Ghío, F. B., Azpilicueta, A. E., & Garrido, S. J. (2020). Psychometric Evaluation of the Big Five Questionnaire for Children (BFQ-C): A Rasch Model Approach. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(9), 2472-2486. doi: 10.1007/s10826-020-01752-yCupani, M., Sánchez, D., Gross, M., Chiepa, J., & Dean, R. (2013). El modelo de los cinco factores y su relación con los trastornos de personalidad. Revista de Peruana de Psicología y Trabajo Social, 2(2), 31-46.del Barrio, V., Carrasco, M. A., & Holgado, F. P. (2006). Factor Structure Invariance in the Children’s Big Five Questionnaire. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 22(3), 158-167. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759.22.3.158Domínguez-Lara, A. (2014). ¿Matrices policóricas/tetracóricas o matrices Pearson? Un estudio metodológico. Revista Argentina de Ciencias Del Comportamiento (RACC), 6(1), 39-48. doi: 10.32348/1852.4206.v6.n1.6357Edo, S., Moya, J., Lores, J., Luelmo, V., Ibañez, M., & Ortet, G. (2002). Estudio psicométrico de la versión española del Cuestionario de los Cinco Grandes para Niños (BFQ-N). Fòrum de Recerca, 8, 1-8. 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Aula Abierta, 39(1), 13-24.3429145PersonalityBig Five ModelAdolescentsPsychometricsPublicationORIGINALValidation of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ-C), short version, in Colombian adolescents.pdfValidation of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ-C), short version, in Colombian adolescents.pdfapplication/pdf452413https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/39056546-d40f-48d7-9db1-b7b24cb70d8c/downloadb912e61edcf70cb055468f59a8089bb2MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83196https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/dc3f771a-38f3-4fab-8a68-73b5bcbae672/downloade30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9badMD52TEXTValidation of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ-C), short version, in Colombian adolescents.pdf.txtValidation of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ-C), short version, in Colombian adolescents.pdf.txttext/plain27598https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/254b36fc-6ea1-40af-9fa0-37767643f6f6/downloade4cb0eca095b44b16c63a2381b4e05c9MD53THUMBNAILValidation of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ-C), short version, in Colombian adolescents.pdf.jpgValidation of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ-C), short version, in Colombian adolescents.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg12714https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/d5225d68-b1ac-44b9-b8eb-454eb9154cdc/download686ff4f71dd20a4863c9a6e38bc2a8e4MD5411323/9066oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/90662024-09-17 14:07:23.797https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Copyright: Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. 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