A novel assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in water and sediment samples from the indus river, Pakistan: An ecological risk assessment approach
Pakistan, a country with limited water resources and highly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, faces numerous challenges in managing its water supply. In this sense, this study assessed potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the surface water and sediments of Pakistan’s Indus River a...
- Autores:
-
Gul, Nida
Khan, Bushra
Ali Khan, Aqib Hassan
Nawaz, Taufiq
Wahid, Fazli
Toloza, Carlos A.T.
Alzahrani, Eman
Hauser Davis, Rachel Ann
Khan, Sarzamin
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2024
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/13992
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13992
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Ecological risk
Geo-accumulation index
Potentially toxic elements
River Indus
Sediments
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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A novel assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in water and sediment samples from the indus river, Pakistan: An ecological risk assessment approach |
| title |
A novel assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in water and sediment samples from the indus river, Pakistan: An ecological risk assessment approach |
| spellingShingle |
A novel assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in water and sediment samples from the indus river, Pakistan: An ecological risk assessment approach Ecological risk Geo-accumulation index Potentially toxic elements River Indus Sediments |
| title_short |
A novel assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in water and sediment samples from the indus river, Pakistan: An ecological risk assessment approach |
| title_full |
A novel assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in water and sediment samples from the indus river, Pakistan: An ecological risk assessment approach |
| title_fullStr |
A novel assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in water and sediment samples from the indus river, Pakistan: An ecological risk assessment approach |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A novel assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in water and sediment samples from the indus river, Pakistan: An ecological risk assessment approach |
| title_sort |
A novel assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in water and sediment samples from the indus river, Pakistan: An ecological risk assessment approach |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Gul, Nida Khan, Bushra Ali Khan, Aqib Hassan Nawaz, Taufiq Wahid, Fazli Toloza, Carlos A.T. Alzahrani, Eman Hauser Davis, Rachel Ann Khan, Sarzamin |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Gul, Nida Khan, Bushra Ali Khan, Aqib Hassan Nawaz, Taufiq Wahid, Fazli Toloza, Carlos A.T. Alzahrani, Eman Hauser Davis, Rachel Ann Khan, Sarzamin |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Ecological risk Geo-accumulation index Potentially toxic elements River Indus Sediments |
| topic |
Ecological risk Geo-accumulation index Potentially toxic elements River Indus Sediments |
| description |
Pakistan, a country with limited water resources and highly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, faces numerous challenges in managing its water supply. In this sense, this study assessed potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the surface water and sediments of Pakistan’s Indus River and its tributaries. Key water quality parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS) were determined, with respective average values of 7.1, 40 μS/cm, and 208 mg L− 1. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn in surface water samples averaged 26 μg L− 1, 0.9 μg L− 1, 1.4 μg L− 1, 22 μg L− 1, and 2.1 μg L− 1, respectively. The general sediment PTE profile was Ni > Cd > Zn > Cu > Cr. Certain PTE levels exceeded recommended thresholds, indicating the establishment of environmental pollution. Calculated geo-accumulation index values suggested moderate to heavy pollution levels in sediment, with PERI (404) values reinforcing the ecological risk posed by elevated PTE concentrations. Furthermore, significant correlations were observed between specific PTE pairs in both water and sediment samples. This study contributes with novel insights into the distribution and ecological implications of PTE contamination in the Indus River and its tributaries, paving the way for ecological risk management efforts. |
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2024 |
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2024-06-30 |
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2025-02-26T20:12:29Z |
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2025-02-26T20:12:29Z |
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Nida Gul, Bushra Khan, Aqib Hassan Ali Khan, Taufiq Nawaz, Fazli Wahid, Carlos A.T. Toloza, Eman Alzahrani, Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis, Sarzamin Khan, A novel assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in water and sediment samples from the Indus River, Pakistan: An ecological risk assessment approach, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 205, 2024, 116657, ISSN 0025-326X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116657. |
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0025-326X |
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10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116657 |
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1879-3363 |
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Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
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REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
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https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
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Nida Gul, Bushra Khan, Aqib Hassan Ali Khan, Taufiq Nawaz, Fazli Wahid, Carlos A.T. Toloza, Eman Alzahrani, Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis, Sarzamin Khan, A novel assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in water and sediment samples from the Indus River, Pakistan: An ecological risk assessment approach, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 205, 2024, 116657, ISSN 0025-326X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116657. 0025-326X 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116657 1879-3363 Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
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eng |
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Marine Pollution Bulletin |
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Aftab, N., Saleem, K., Khan, A.H.A., Butt, T.A., Mirza, C.R., Hussain, J., Iqbal, M., 2021. Cosmos sulphureus Cav. Is more tolerant to lead than copper and chromium in hydroponics system. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 18, 2325–2334. https://doi.org/10.1007/S13762-020-02981-W/ FIGURES/4. Ahmad, L., Waheed, H., Gul, N., Sheikh, L., Khan, A., Iqbal, H., 2022. Geochemistry of subsurface water of Swabi district and associated health risk with heavy metal contamination. Environ. Monit. Assess. 194 (7), 480. https://doi.org/10.1007/ S10661-022-10138-0/TABLES/6. Ali, H., Khan, E., 2018. Assessment of potentially toxic heavy metals and health risk in water, sediments, and different fish species of river Kabul, Pakistan. Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. Int. J. 24 (8), 2101–2118. Ali, S., Eum, H.I., Cho, J., Dan, L., Khan, F., Dairaku, K., Fahad, S., 2019. Assessment of climate extremes in future projections downscaled by multiple statistical downscaling methods over Pakistan. Atmos. Res. 222, 114–133. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.02.009. Amin, S., Muhammad, S., Fatima, H., 2021. Evaluation and risks assessment of potentially toxic elements in water and sediment of the Dor River and its tributaries. Northern Pakistan. Environmental Technology & Innovation 21, 101333. Arif, M., 2000. Zincian, manganiferous chrome spinel from the swat valley ophiolite, NW Pakistan. Geol. Bull. Univ. Peshawar 33, 103–110. Auckland Regional (AR) Council, (2008). Urban sources of copper, lead and zinc. Bhuyan, M.S., Bakar, M.A., Rashed-Un-Nabi, M., Senapathi, V., Chung, S.Y., Islam, M.S., 2019. Monitoring and assessment of heavy metal contamination in surface water and sediment of the old Brahmaputra River. Bangladesh. Applied Water Science 9 (5), 1–13. Bigalke, M., Ulrich, A., Rehmus, A., Keller, A., 2017. Accumulation of cadmium and uranium in arable soils in Switzerland. Environ. Pollut. 221, 85–93. Bijekar, S., Padariya, H.D., Yadav, V.K., Gacem, A., Hasan, M.A., Awwad, N.S., Jeon, B. H., 2022. The state of the art and emerging trends in the wastewater treatment in developing nations. Water 14 (16), 2537. https://doi.org/10.3390/W14162537. Bojakowska, I., Sokołowska, G., 1998. Geochemiczne klasy czysto´sci osadow ´ wodnych. Prz. Geol. 46 (1), 49–54. Broom, L.J., Monteiro, A., Pinon, ˜ A., 2021. Recent advances in understanding the influence of zinc, copper, and manganese on the gastrointestinal environment of pigs and poultry. Animals 11 (5), 1276. Cüce, H., Kalipci, E., Ustaoglu, F., Baser, V., Türkmen, M. (2022). Ecotoxicological health risk analysis of potential toxic elements accumulation in the sediments of Kızılırmak River. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 11 (9), 10759–10772. doi:https://doi. org/10.1007/s13762-021-03869-z. Curiel-Alegre, S., Velasco-Arroyo, B., Rumbo, C., Khan, A.H.A., Tamayo-Ramos, J.A., Rad, C., Barros, R., 2022. Evaluation of biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and organic amendments application on the bioremediation of recalcitrant hydrocarbons of soil. Chemosphere 307, 135638. https://doi.org/10.1016/J. CHEMOSPHERE.2022.135638. de la Parra, S., Gonz´ alez, V., Vives, P.S., Curiel-Alegre, S., Velasco-Arroyo, B., Rad, C., Rumbo, C., 2022. Comparative toxicological assessment of three soils polluted with different levels of hydrocarbons and heavy metals using in vitro and in vivo approaches. Environ. Pollut. 315, 120472 https://doi.org/10.1016/J. ENVPOL.2022.120472. District Census Report (DCR), (2017) District Census Report of Swabi district Dogan, ˘ M., Çavus¸oglu, ˘ K., Yalçin, E., Acar, A. (2022). Comprehensive toxicity screening of Pazarsuyu stream water containing heavy metals and protective role of lycopene. Scientifc Reports, 12, 16615. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21081-y. Duodu, G.O., Goonetilleke, A., Ayoko, G.A., 2016. Comparison of pollution indices for the assessment of heavy metal in Brisbane River sediment. Environ. Pollut. 219, 1077–1091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.008. Fida, M., Li, P., Wang, Y., Alam, S.K., Nsabimana, A., 2023. Water contamination and human health risks in Pakistan: a review. Expo. Health 15 (3), 619–639. https://doi. org/10.1007/S12403-022-00512-1. Gul, N., Sardar, K.H.A.N., Abbas, K.H.A.N., Nawab, J., Sarwar, A., Gul, N., 2020. Organic and inorganic mercury in biological samples of fluorescent lamp industries workers and health risks. Biomed. Environ. Sci. 33 (2), 89–102. https://doi.org/10.3967/ BES2020.013. |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)© 2024 Elsevier Ltd.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Gul, NidaKhan, BushraAli Khan, Aqib HassanNawaz, TaufiqWahid, FazliToloza, Carlos A.T.Alzahrani, EmanHauser Davis, Rachel AnnKhan, Sarzamin2025-02-26T20:12:29Z2025-02-26T20:12:29Z2024-06-30Nida Gul, Bushra Khan, Aqib Hassan Ali Khan, Taufiq Nawaz, Fazli Wahid, Carlos A.T. Toloza, Eman Alzahrani, Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis, Sarzamin Khan, A novel assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in water and sediment samples from the Indus River, Pakistan: An ecological risk assessment approach, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 205, 2024, 116657, ISSN 0025-326X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116657.0025-326Xhttps://hdl.handle.net/11323/1399210.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.1166571879-3363Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Pakistan, a country with limited water resources and highly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, faces numerous challenges in managing its water supply. In this sense, this study assessed potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the surface water and sediments of Pakistan’s Indus River and its tributaries. Key water quality parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS) were determined, with respective average values of 7.1, 40 μS/cm, and 208 mg L− 1. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn in surface water samples averaged 26 μg L− 1, 0.9 μg L− 1, 1.4 μg L− 1, 22 μg L− 1, and 2.1 μg L− 1, respectively. The general sediment PTE profile was Ni > Cd > Zn > Cu > Cr. Certain PTE levels exceeded recommended thresholds, indicating the establishment of environmental pollution. Calculated geo-accumulation index values suggested moderate to heavy pollution levels in sediment, with PERI (404) values reinforcing the ecological risk posed by elevated PTE concentrations. Furthermore, significant correlations were observed between specific PTE pairs in both water and sediment samples. This study contributes with novel insights into the distribution and ecological implications of PTE contamination in the Indus River and its tributaries, paving the way for ecological risk management efforts.9 páginasapplication/pdfengElsevier Inc.United Kingdomhttp://sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X24006349?via%3DihubA novel assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in water and sediment samples from the indus river, Pakistan: An ecological risk assessment approachArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Marine Pollution BulletinAftab, N., Saleem, K., Khan, A.H.A., Butt, T.A., Mirza, C.R., Hussain, J., Iqbal, M., 2021. Cosmos sulphureus Cav. Is more tolerant to lead than copper and chromium in hydroponics system. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 18, 2325–2334. https://doi.org/10.1007/S13762-020-02981-W/ FIGURES/4.Ahmad, L., Waheed, H., Gul, N., Sheikh, L., Khan, A., Iqbal, H., 2022. Geochemistry of subsurface water of Swabi district and associated health risk with heavy metal contamination. Environ. Monit. Assess. 194 (7), 480. https://doi.org/10.1007/ S10661-022-10138-0/TABLES/6.Ali, H., Khan, E., 2018. Assessment of potentially toxic heavy metals and health risk in water, sediments, and different fish species of river Kabul, Pakistan. Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. Int. J. 24 (8), 2101–2118.Ali, S., Eum, H.I., Cho, J., Dan, L., Khan, F., Dairaku, K., Fahad, S., 2019. Assessment of climate extremes in future projections downscaled by multiple statistical downscaling methods over Pakistan. Atmos. Res. 222, 114–133. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.02.009.Amin, S., Muhammad, S., Fatima, H., 2021. Evaluation and risks assessment of potentially toxic elements in water and sediment of the Dor River and its tributaries. Northern Pakistan. Environmental Technology & Innovation 21, 101333.Arif, M., 2000. Zincian, manganiferous chrome spinel from the swat valley ophiolite, NW Pakistan. Geol. Bull. Univ. Peshawar 33, 103–110.Auckland Regional (AR) Council, (2008). Urban sources of copper, lead and zinc.Bhuyan, M.S., Bakar, M.A., Rashed-Un-Nabi, M., Senapathi, V., Chung, S.Y., Islam, M.S., 2019. Monitoring and assessment of heavy metal contamination in surface water and sediment of the old Brahmaputra River. Bangladesh. Applied Water Science 9 (5), 1–13.Bigalke, M., Ulrich, A., Rehmus, A., Keller, A., 2017. Accumulation of cadmium and uranium in arable soils in Switzerland. Environ. Pollut. 221, 85–93.Bijekar, S., Padariya, H.D., Yadav, V.K., Gacem, A., Hasan, M.A., Awwad, N.S., Jeon, B. H., 2022. The state of the art and emerging trends in the wastewater treatment in developing nations. Water 14 (16), 2537. https://doi.org/10.3390/W14162537.Bojakowska, I., Sokołowska, G., 1998. Geochemiczne klasy czysto´sci osadow ´ wodnych. Prz. Geol. 46 (1), 49–54.Broom, L.J., Monteiro, A., Pinon, ˜ A., 2021. Recent advances in understanding the influence of zinc, copper, and manganese on the gastrointestinal environment of pigs and poultry. Animals 11 (5), 1276.Cüce, H., Kalipci, E., Ustaoglu, F., Baser, V., Türkmen, M. (2022). Ecotoxicological health risk analysis of potential toxic elements accumulation in the sediments of Kızılırmak River. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 11 (9), 10759–10772. doi:https://doi. org/10.1007/s13762-021-03869-z.Curiel-Alegre, S., Velasco-Arroyo, B., Rumbo, C., Khan, A.H.A., Tamayo-Ramos, J.A., Rad, C., Barros, R., 2022. Evaluation of biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and organic amendments application on the bioremediation of recalcitrant hydrocarbons of soil. Chemosphere 307, 135638. https://doi.org/10.1016/J. CHEMOSPHERE.2022.135638.de la Parra, S., Gonz´ alez, V., Vives, P.S., Curiel-Alegre, S., Velasco-Arroyo, B., Rad, C., Rumbo, C., 2022. Comparative toxicological assessment of three soils polluted with different levels of hydrocarbons and heavy metals using in vitro and in vivo approaches. Environ. Pollut. 315, 120472 https://doi.org/10.1016/J. ENVPOL.2022.120472.District Census Report (DCR), (2017) District Census Report of Swabi districtDogan, ˘ M., Çavus¸oglu, ˘ K., Yalçin, E., Acar, A. (2022). Comprehensive toxicity screening of Pazarsuyu stream water containing heavy metals and protective role of lycopene. Scientifc Reports, 12, 16615. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21081-y.Duodu, G.O., Goonetilleke, A., Ayoko, G.A., 2016. Comparison of pollution indices for the assessment of heavy metal in Brisbane River sediment. Environ. Pollut. 219, 1077–1091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.008.Fida, M., Li, P., Wang, Y., Alam, S.K., Nsabimana, A., 2023. Water contamination and human health risks in Pakistan: a review. Expo. Health 15 (3), 619–639. https://doi. org/10.1007/S12403-022-00512-1.Gul, N., Sardar, K.H.A.N., Abbas, K.H.A.N., Nawab, J., Sarwar, A., Gul, N., 2020. Organic and inorganic mercury in biological samples of fluorescent lamp industries workers and health risks. Biomed. Environ. Sci. 33 (2), 89–102. https://doi.org/10.3967/ BES2020.013.91116657205Ecological riskGeo-accumulation indexPotentially toxic elementsRiver IndusSedimentsPublicationORIGINALA novel assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in water and.pdfA novel assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in water and.pdfapplication/pdf1185279https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/d0a4f6dd-0294-4ad3-901d-923ba2c1d478/downloadc3a38e2fdb7839c96528e2afda3c098cMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-815543https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/732e4e8f-b5bb-402d-83da-58395aa1a934/download73a5432e0b76442b22b026844140d683MD52TEXTA novel assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in water and.pdf.txtA novel assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in water and.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain67922https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/d299810a-eb1e-4921-8738-b73a05b09d42/downloada56c7c82cc0930e21aeb076d31b7a8d9MD53THUMBNAILA novel assessment of potentially toxic 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ara ejercer estos derechos sobre la Obra tal y como se indica a continuación:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Reproducir la Obra, incorporar la Obra en una o más Obras Colectivas, y reproducir la Obra incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.</li>
    </ol>
    <p>Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Restricciones.
    <p>La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).</li>
      <li>Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.</li>
      <li>Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.</li>
      <li>
        Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
        <ol type="i">
          <li>Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
          <li>Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li>Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Limitación de responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Término.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Varios.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.</li>
      <li>Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.</li>
      <li>Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
</ol>
 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