Energy, Economic, and Environmental Evaluation of a Proposed Solar-Wind Power On-Grid System Using HOMER Pro®: A Case Study in Colombia

The electrical sector in the Caribbean region of Colombia is currently facing problems that affect its reliability. Many thermo-electric plants are required to fill the gap and ensure energy supply. This paper thus proposes a hybrid renewable energy generation plant that could supply a percentage of...

Full description

Autores:
Barrozo Budes, Farid Antonio
Valencia Ochoa, Guillermo
Obregon, Luis Guillermo
Arango-Manrique, Adriana
Núñez Alvarez, José Ricardo
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2020
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/6178
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/6178
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Solar energy
Wind energy
Energy efficiency
Environmental impact
Economic evaluation
On-grid system
HOMER Pro software
Rights
openAccess
License
CC0 1.0 Universal
id RCUC2_bcd6d8c9f3f1edc8452914ad8f1eab16
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/6178
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Energy, Economic, and Environmental Evaluation of a Proposed Solar-Wind Power On-Grid System Using HOMER Pro®: A Case Study in Colombia
title Energy, Economic, and Environmental Evaluation of a Proposed Solar-Wind Power On-Grid System Using HOMER Pro®: A Case Study in Colombia
spellingShingle Energy, Economic, and Environmental Evaluation of a Proposed Solar-Wind Power On-Grid System Using HOMER Pro®: A Case Study in Colombia
Solar energy
Wind energy
Energy efficiency
Environmental impact
Economic evaluation
On-grid system
HOMER Pro software
title_short Energy, Economic, and Environmental Evaluation of a Proposed Solar-Wind Power On-Grid System Using HOMER Pro®: A Case Study in Colombia
title_full Energy, Economic, and Environmental Evaluation of a Proposed Solar-Wind Power On-Grid System Using HOMER Pro®: A Case Study in Colombia
title_fullStr Energy, Economic, and Environmental Evaluation of a Proposed Solar-Wind Power On-Grid System Using HOMER Pro®: A Case Study in Colombia
title_full_unstemmed Energy, Economic, and Environmental Evaluation of a Proposed Solar-Wind Power On-Grid System Using HOMER Pro®: A Case Study in Colombia
title_sort Energy, Economic, and Environmental Evaluation of a Proposed Solar-Wind Power On-Grid System Using HOMER Pro®: A Case Study in Colombia
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Barrozo Budes, Farid Antonio
Valencia Ochoa, Guillermo
Obregon, Luis Guillermo
Arango-Manrique, Adriana
Núñez Alvarez, José Ricardo
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Barrozo Budes, Farid Antonio
Valencia Ochoa, Guillermo
Obregon, Luis Guillermo
Arango-Manrique, Adriana
Núñez Alvarez, José Ricardo
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Solar energy
Wind energy
Energy efficiency
Environmental impact
Economic evaluation
On-grid system
HOMER Pro software
topic Solar energy
Wind energy
Energy efficiency
Environmental impact
Economic evaluation
On-grid system
HOMER Pro software
description The electrical sector in the Caribbean region of Colombia is currently facing problems that affect its reliability. Many thermo-electric plants are required to fill the gap and ensure energy supply. This paper thus proposes a hybrid renewable energy generation plant that could supply a percentage of the total energy demand and reduce the environmental impact of conventional energy generation. The hybrid plant works with a photovoltaic (PV) system and wind turbine systems, connected in parallel with the grid to supply a renewable fraction of the total energy demand. The investigation was conducted in three steps: the first stage determined locations where the energy system was able to take advantage of renewable sources, the second identified a location that could work more efficiently from an economic perspective, and finally, the third step estimated the number of PV solar panels and wind turbines required to guarantee optimal functioning for this location using, as a main method of calculation, the software HOMER pro® for hybrid optimization with multiple energy resources. The proposed system is expected to not only limit environmental impacts but also decrease total costs of electric grid consumption from thermoelectric plants. The simulations helped identify Puerto Bolivar, Colombia, as the location where the hybrid plant made the best use of non-conventional resources of energy. However, Rancho Grande was found to offer the system more efficiency, while generating a considerable amount of energy at the lowest possible cost. An optimal combination was also obtained—441 PV arrays and 3 wind turbines, resulting in a net present cost (NPC) of $11.8 million and low CO2 production of 244.1 tons per year.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2020-04-13T15:15:01Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2020-04-13T15:15:01Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2020-04-02
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 1996-1073
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/6178
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv doi:10.3390/en13071662
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv 1996-1073
doi:10.3390/en13071662
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/6178
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv 1. McCormick, R.L.; Tennant, C.J.; Hayes, R.R.; Black, S.; Ireland, J.; McDaniel, T.; Williams, A.; Frailey, M.; Sharp, C.A. Regulated emissions from biodiesel tested in heavy duty engines meeting 2004 emission standards. In Proceedings of the 2005 SAE Brasil Fuels & Lubricants Meeting, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, 11–13 May 2005.
2. Valencia Ochoa, G.; Cárdenas Gutierrez, J.; Duarte Forero, J. Exergy, Economic, and Life-Cycle Assessment of ORC System for Waste Heat Recovery in a Natural Gas Internal Combustion Engine. Resources 2020, 9, 2.
3. Valencia Ochoa, G.; Piero Rojas, J.; Duarte Forero, J. Advance Exergo-Economic Analysis of a Waste Heat Recovery System Using ORC for a Bottoming Natural Gas Engine. Energies 2020, 13, 267.
4. Boca, G.D.; Saraçlı, S. Environmental Education and Student’s Perception, for Sustainability. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1553.
5. Noh, C.-H.; Kim, I.; Jang, W.-H.; Kim, C.-H. Recent Trends in Renewable Energy Resources for Power Generation in the Republic of Korea. Resources 2015, 4, 751–764.
6. Valencia, G.; Duarte, J.; Isaza-Roldan, C. Thermoeconomic Analysis of Different Exhaust Waste-Heat Recovery Systems for Natural Gas Engine Based on ORC. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 4017.
7. Núñez, A.J.; Benítez, P.I.; Proenza, Y.R.; Vázquez, S.L.; Díaz, M.D. Metodología de diagnóstico de fallos para sistemas fotovoltaicos de conexión a red. Rev. Iberoam. Automática Inf. Ind. 2020, 17, 94–105.
8. Ueckerdt, F.; Brecha, R.; Luderer, G. Analyzing major challenges of wind and solar variability in power systems. Renew. Energy 2015, 81, 1–10.
9. International Energy Agency. World Energy Outlook 2016; IEA Publications: Paris, France, 2016.
10. Szymczak, P.D. Asia Pac Leads Global Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Market. 18 December 2018. Available online: https://oilandgaseurasia.com/2018/12/18/asia-pac-leads-global-solar-photovoltaic-pv-market/ (accessed on 30 December 2019).
11. Fairley Peter. The Pros and Cons of the World´s Biggest Solar Park. 2020. Available online: https://spectrum.ieee.org/energy/renewables/the-pros-and-cons-of-the-worlds-biggest-solar-park (accessed on 21 December 2019).
12. Moemken, J.; Reyers, M.; Feldmann, H.; Pinto, J. Future changes of wind speed and wind energy potentials in EURO-CORDEX ensemble simulations. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2018, 123, 6373–6389.
13. Valencia Ochoa, G.; Vanegas Chamorro, M.; Polo Jiménez, J. Análisis Estadístico de la Velocidad y Dirección Del Viento en la Región Caribe Colombiana con Enfasis en la Guajira; Sello Editorial Universidad Del Atlántico: Barranquilla, Colombia, 2016; p. 51.
14. Valencia, G.; Nuñez, J.; Acevedo, C. Research Evolution on Renewable Energies Resources from 2007 to 2017: A Comparative Study on Solar, Geothermal, Wind and Biomass Energy. Int. J. Energy Econ. Policy 2019, 9, 242–253.
15. Ochoa, G.V.; Blanco, C.; Martinez, C.; Ramos, E. Fuzzy Adaptive Control Applied to a Hybrid ElectricPower Generation System (HEPGS). Indian J. Sci. Technol. 2017, 10, 1–9.
16. Milanes Batista, C.M.; Planas, J.A.; Pelot, R.; Núñez, J.R. A new methodology incorporating public participation within Cuba's ICZM program. Ocean Coast. Manag. 2020, 186, 105101.
17. Sinay, L.; Carter, R.W.B. Climate Change Adaptation Options for Coastal Communities and Local Governments. Climate 2020, 8, 7.
18. Boden, T.A.; Marland, G.; Andres, R.J. Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy: Oak Ridge, TN, USA, 2017. Available online: https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/emis/meth_reg.html (accessed on 26 October 2019).
19. Valencia, G.; Benavides, A.; Cárdenas, Y. Economic and Environmental Multiobjective Optimization of a Wind–Solar–Fuel Cell Hybrid Energy System in the Colombian Caribbean Region. Energies 2019, 12, 2119.
20. HOMER Pro. Available online: https://www.homerenergy.com/products/pro/index.html (accessed on 29 July 2017).
21. Valencia, G.; Vanegas, M.; Villicana, E. Disponibilidad Geográfica y Temporal de la Energía Solar en la Costa Caribe Colombiana; Sello editorial de la Universidad del Atlántico: Barranquilla, Colombia, 2016.
22. Valencia Ochoa, G.; Vanegas Chamorro, M.; Villicaña Ortiz, E. Atlas Solar de la Costa Caribe Colombiana; Sello Editorial Universidad Del Atlántico: Barranquilla, Colombia, 2016.
23. Goldwind. Goldwind PMDD 1.5 MW Wind Turbine Brochure. 2017. Available online: https://www.goldwindamericas.com/sites/default/files/Goldwind%20Americas_Goldwind%201.5MW%2 0Brochure%20%282017%29_0.pdf (accessed on 2 February 2020).
24. UPME. Escenarios de Oferta y Demanda de Hidrocarburos en Colombia; Ministerio de Minas y Energía: Bogota, Colombia, 2012. Available online: http://www.upme.gov.co/docs/publicaciones/2012/escenarios_oferta_demanda_hidrocarburos.pdf (accessed on 9 April 2018).
25. Papoulis, A. Probability, Random Variables, and Stochastic Processes, 3rd ed.; McGraw-Hill: New York, NY, USA, 1991.
26. Jafari, A.A.; Zakerzadeh, H. Inference on the parameters of the Weibull distribution using records. SORT 2015, 39, 3–18.
27. Jung, S.; Arda Vanli, O.; Kwon, S.-D. Wind energy potential assessment considering the uncertainties due to limited data. Appl. Energy 2013, 102, 1492–1503.
28. Etghani, M.M.; Shojaeefard, M.H.; Khalkhali, A.; Akbari, M. A hybrid method of modified NSGA-II and TOPSIS to optimize performance and emissions of a diesel engine using biodiesel. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2013, 59, 309–315.
29. Ochoa, G.V.; Isaza-Roldan, C.; Duarte Forero, J. Economic and Exergo-Advance Analysis of a Waste Heat Recovery System Based on Regenerative Organic Rankine Cycle under Organic Fluids with Low Global Warming Potential. Energies 2020, 13, 1317.
30. Ochoa, G.V.; Peñaloza, C.A.; Rojas, J.P. Thermoeconomic Modelling and Parametric Study of a Simple ORC for the Recovery of Waste Heat in a 2 MW Gas Engine under Different Working Fluids. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 4526.
31. Valencia, G.; Núñez, J.; Duarte, J. Multiobjective optimization of a plate heat exchanger in a waste heat recovery organic rankine cycle system for natural gas engines. Entropy 2019, 21, 655.
32. Ochoa, G.V.; Isaza-Roldan, C.; Forero, J.D. A phenomenological base semi-physical thermodynamic model for the cylinder and exhaust manifold of a natural gas 2-megawatt four-stroke internal combustion engine. Heliyon2019, 5, e02700.
33. Valencia Ochoa, G.; Acevedo Peñaloza, C.; Duarte Forero, J. Thermoeconomic Optimization with PSO Algorithm of Waste Heat Recovery Systems Based on Organic Rankine Cycle System for a Natural Gas Engine. Energies 2019, 12, 4165
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv CC0 1.0 Universal
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv CC0 1.0 Universal
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Energies
institution Corporación Universidad de la Costa
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/be24d3e7-8c4d-4025-8402-cf28cd3385fd/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/363cc2d5-d34a-4480-a95f-0ad88aaf9fa0/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/e7d160ad-ef19-44ce-a31f-8b551499a4c7/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/8bfccb52-d13c-4504-b4d5-0859c82fb410/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/33c50510-c14a-42e9-891c-75c3714dec41/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 94cc7755cc22a6ed0116e23be680f34e
42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708c
8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33
d442268ef2b46196496c96e0de0314fc
28b56291662e3b02363367e4dbf7dce0
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUC
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repdigital@cuc.edu.co
_version_ 1811760735821234176
spelling Barrozo Budes, Farid AntonioValencia Ochoa, GuillermoObregon, Luis GuillermoArango-Manrique, AdrianaNúñez Alvarez, José Ricardo2020-04-13T15:15:01Z2020-04-13T15:15:01Z2020-04-021996-1073https://hdl.handle.net/11323/6178doi:10.3390/en13071662Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/The electrical sector in the Caribbean region of Colombia is currently facing problems that affect its reliability. Many thermo-electric plants are required to fill the gap and ensure energy supply. This paper thus proposes a hybrid renewable energy generation plant that could supply a percentage of the total energy demand and reduce the environmental impact of conventional energy generation. The hybrid plant works with a photovoltaic (PV) system and wind turbine systems, connected in parallel with the grid to supply a renewable fraction of the total energy demand. The investigation was conducted in three steps: the first stage determined locations where the energy system was able to take advantage of renewable sources, the second identified a location that could work more efficiently from an economic perspective, and finally, the third step estimated the number of PV solar panels and wind turbines required to guarantee optimal functioning for this location using, as a main method of calculation, the software HOMER pro® for hybrid optimization with multiple energy resources. The proposed system is expected to not only limit environmental impacts but also decrease total costs of electric grid consumption from thermoelectric plants. The simulations helped identify Puerto Bolivar, Colombia, as the location where the hybrid plant made the best use of non-conventional resources of energy. However, Rancho Grande was found to offer the system more efficiency, while generating a considerable amount of energy at the lowest possible cost. An optimal combination was also obtained—441 PV arrays and 3 wind turbines, resulting in a net present cost (NPC) of $11.8 million and low CO2 production of 244.1 tons per year.Barrozo Budes, Farid AntonioValencia Ochoa, GuillermoObregon, Luis GuillermoArango-Manrique, Adriana-will be generated-orcid-0000-0001-5680-3505-600Núñez Alvarez, José Ricardo-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-6607-7305-600engEnergiesCC0 1.0 Universalhttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Solar energyWind energyEnergy efficiencyEnvironmental impactEconomic evaluationOn-grid systemHOMER Pro softwareEnergy, Economic, and Environmental Evaluation of a Proposed Solar-Wind Power On-Grid System Using HOMER Pro®: A Case Study in ColombiaArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion1. McCormick, R.L.; Tennant, C.J.; Hayes, R.R.; Black, S.; Ireland, J.; McDaniel, T.; Williams, A.; Frailey, M.; Sharp, C.A. Regulated emissions from biodiesel tested in heavy duty engines meeting 2004 emission standards. In Proceedings of the 2005 SAE Brasil Fuels & Lubricants Meeting, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, 11–13 May 2005.2. Valencia Ochoa, G.; Cárdenas Gutierrez, J.; Duarte Forero, J. Exergy, Economic, and Life-Cycle Assessment of ORC System for Waste Heat Recovery in a Natural Gas Internal Combustion Engine. Resources 2020, 9, 2.3. Valencia Ochoa, G.; Piero Rojas, J.; Duarte Forero, J. Advance Exergo-Economic Analysis of a Waste Heat Recovery System Using ORC for a Bottoming Natural Gas Engine. Energies 2020, 13, 267.4. Boca, G.D.; Saraçlı, S. Environmental Education and Student’s Perception, for Sustainability. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1553.5. Noh, C.-H.; Kim, I.; Jang, W.-H.; Kim, C.-H. Recent Trends in Renewable Energy Resources for Power Generation in the Republic of Korea. Resources 2015, 4, 751–764.6. Valencia, G.; Duarte, J.; Isaza-Roldan, C. Thermoeconomic Analysis of Different Exhaust Waste-Heat Recovery Systems for Natural Gas Engine Based on ORC. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 4017.7. Núñez, A.J.; Benítez, P.I.; Proenza, Y.R.; Vázquez, S.L.; Díaz, M.D. Metodología de diagnóstico de fallos para sistemas fotovoltaicos de conexión a red. Rev. Iberoam. Automática Inf. Ind. 2020, 17, 94–105.8. Ueckerdt, F.; Brecha, R.; Luderer, G. Analyzing major challenges of wind and solar variability in power systems. Renew. Energy 2015, 81, 1–10.9. International Energy Agency. World Energy Outlook 2016; IEA Publications: Paris, France, 2016.10. Szymczak, P.D. Asia Pac Leads Global Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Market. 18 December 2018. Available online: https://oilandgaseurasia.com/2018/12/18/asia-pac-leads-global-solar-photovoltaic-pv-market/ (accessed on 30 December 2019).11. Fairley Peter. The Pros and Cons of the World´s Biggest Solar Park. 2020. Available online: https://spectrum.ieee.org/energy/renewables/the-pros-and-cons-of-the-worlds-biggest-solar-park (accessed on 21 December 2019).12. Moemken, J.; Reyers, M.; Feldmann, H.; Pinto, J. Future changes of wind speed and wind energy potentials in EURO-CORDEX ensemble simulations. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2018, 123, 6373–6389.13. Valencia Ochoa, G.; Vanegas Chamorro, M.; Polo Jiménez, J. Análisis Estadístico de la Velocidad y Dirección Del Viento en la Región Caribe Colombiana con Enfasis en la Guajira; Sello Editorial Universidad Del Atlántico: Barranquilla, Colombia, 2016; p. 51.14. Valencia, G.; Nuñez, J.; Acevedo, C. Research Evolution on Renewable Energies Resources from 2007 to 2017: A Comparative Study on Solar, Geothermal, Wind and Biomass Energy. Int. J. Energy Econ. Policy 2019, 9, 242–253.15. Ochoa, G.V.; Blanco, C.; Martinez, C.; Ramos, E. Fuzzy Adaptive Control Applied to a Hybrid ElectricPower Generation System (HEPGS). Indian J. Sci. Technol. 2017, 10, 1–9.16. Milanes Batista, C.M.; Planas, J.A.; Pelot, R.; Núñez, J.R. A new methodology incorporating public participation within Cuba's ICZM program. Ocean Coast. Manag. 2020, 186, 105101.17. Sinay, L.; Carter, R.W.B. Climate Change Adaptation Options for Coastal Communities and Local Governments. Climate 2020, 8, 7.18. Boden, T.A.; Marland, G.; Andres, R.J. Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy: Oak Ridge, TN, USA, 2017. Available online: https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/emis/meth_reg.html (accessed on 26 October 2019).19. Valencia, G.; Benavides, A.; Cárdenas, Y. Economic and Environmental Multiobjective Optimization of a Wind–Solar–Fuel Cell Hybrid Energy System in the Colombian Caribbean Region. Energies 2019, 12, 2119.20. HOMER Pro. Available online: https://www.homerenergy.com/products/pro/index.html (accessed on 29 July 2017).21. Valencia, G.; Vanegas, M.; Villicana, E. Disponibilidad Geográfica y Temporal de la Energía Solar en la Costa Caribe Colombiana; Sello editorial de la Universidad del Atlántico: Barranquilla, Colombia, 2016.22. Valencia Ochoa, G.; Vanegas Chamorro, M.; Villicaña Ortiz, E. Atlas Solar de la Costa Caribe Colombiana; Sello Editorial Universidad Del Atlántico: Barranquilla, Colombia, 2016.23. Goldwind. Goldwind PMDD 1.5 MW Wind Turbine Brochure. 2017. Available online: https://www.goldwindamericas.com/sites/default/files/Goldwind%20Americas_Goldwind%201.5MW%2 0Brochure%20%282017%29_0.pdf (accessed on 2 February 2020).24. UPME. Escenarios de Oferta y Demanda de Hidrocarburos en Colombia; Ministerio de Minas y Energía: Bogota, Colombia, 2012. Available online: http://www.upme.gov.co/docs/publicaciones/2012/escenarios_oferta_demanda_hidrocarburos.pdf (accessed on 9 April 2018).25. Papoulis, A. Probability, Random Variables, and Stochastic Processes, 3rd ed.; McGraw-Hill: New York, NY, USA, 1991.26. Jafari, A.A.; Zakerzadeh, H. Inference on the parameters of the Weibull distribution using records. SORT 2015, 39, 3–18.27. Jung, S.; Arda Vanli, O.; Kwon, S.-D. Wind energy potential assessment considering the uncertainties due to limited data. Appl. Energy 2013, 102, 1492–1503.28. Etghani, M.M.; Shojaeefard, M.H.; Khalkhali, A.; Akbari, M. A hybrid method of modified NSGA-II and TOPSIS to optimize performance and emissions of a diesel engine using biodiesel. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2013, 59, 309–315.29. Ochoa, G.V.; Isaza-Roldan, C.; Duarte Forero, J. Economic and Exergo-Advance Analysis of a Waste Heat Recovery System Based on Regenerative Organic Rankine Cycle under Organic Fluids with Low Global Warming Potential. Energies 2020, 13, 1317.30. Ochoa, G.V.; Peñaloza, C.A.; Rojas, J.P. Thermoeconomic Modelling and Parametric Study of a Simple ORC for the Recovery of Waste Heat in a 2 MW Gas Engine under Different Working Fluids. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 4526.31. Valencia, G.; Núñez, J.; Duarte, J. Multiobjective optimization of a plate heat exchanger in a waste heat recovery organic rankine cycle system for natural gas engines. Entropy 2019, 21, 655.32. Ochoa, G.V.; Isaza-Roldan, C.; Forero, J.D. A phenomenological base semi-physical thermodynamic model for the cylinder and exhaust manifold of a natural gas 2-megawatt four-stroke internal combustion engine. Heliyon2019, 5, e02700.33. Valencia Ochoa, G.; Acevedo Peñaloza, C.; Duarte Forero, J. Thermoeconomic Optimization with PSO Algorithm of Waste Heat Recovery Systems Based on Organic Rankine Cycle System for a Natural Gas Engine. Energies 2019, 12, 4165PublicationORIGINALEnergy, Economic, and Environmental Evaluation of a Proposed Solar-Wind Power On-Grid System Using HOMER Pro.pdfEnergy, Economic, and Environmental Evaluation of a Proposed Solar-Wind Power On-Grid System Using HOMER Pro.pdfapplication/pdf1389156https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/be24d3e7-8c4d-4025-8402-cf28cd3385fd/download94cc7755cc22a6ed0116e23be680f34eMD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8701https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/363cc2d5-d34a-4480-a95f-0ad88aaf9fa0/download42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708cMD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/e7d160ad-ef19-44ce-a31f-8b551499a4c7/download8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD53THUMBNAILEnergy, Economic, and Environmental Evaluation of a Proposed Solar-Wind Power On-Grid System Using HOMER Pro.pdf.jpgEnergy, Economic, and Environmental Evaluation of a Proposed Solar-Wind Power On-Grid System Using HOMER Pro.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg60945https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/8bfccb52-d13c-4504-b4d5-0859c82fb410/downloadd442268ef2b46196496c96e0de0314fcMD54TEXTEnergy, Economic, and Environmental Evaluation of a Proposed Solar-Wind Power On-Grid System Using HOMER Pro.pdf.txtEnergy, Economic, and Environmental Evaluation of a Proposed Solar-Wind Power On-Grid System Using HOMER Pro.pdf.txttext/plain48105https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/33c50510-c14a-42e9-891c-75c3714dec41/download28b56291662e3b02363367e4dbf7dce0MD5511323/6178oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/61782024-09-17 10:53:22.371http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/CC0 1.0 Universalopen.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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

Publicaciones similares