The current potential of low-carbon economy and biomass-based electricity in cuba. The case of sugarcane, energy cane and marabu (dichrostachys cinerea) as biomass sources
The emissions of greenhouse gases stand as a major threat of today. Moving towards CO2 neutral or low-carbon economies is a need to achieve sustainable development. This study assesses the potentialities to move Cuba towards a low-carbon economy by replacing the current electricity mix, dominated by...
- Autores:
-
Sagastume Gutierrez, Alexis
Cabello Eras, Juan Jose
Huisingh, Donald
Vandecasteele, Carlo H.A.
Hens, Luc M.A
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2018
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/1725
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1725
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Bioelectricity
Bioenergy
Biomass
Low-carbon
Neutral-carbon
Sugar Industry
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución – No comercial – Compartir igual
id |
RCUC2_ba24eed97431e5b582835dac7061621a |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/1725 |
network_acronym_str |
RCUC2 |
network_name_str |
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
The current potential of low-carbon economy and biomass-based electricity in cuba. The case of sugarcane, energy cane and marabu (dichrostachys cinerea) as biomass sources |
title |
The current potential of low-carbon economy and biomass-based electricity in cuba. The case of sugarcane, energy cane and marabu (dichrostachys cinerea) as biomass sources |
spellingShingle |
The current potential of low-carbon economy and biomass-based electricity in cuba. The case of sugarcane, energy cane and marabu (dichrostachys cinerea) as biomass sources Bioelectricity Bioenergy Biomass Low-carbon Neutral-carbon Sugar Industry |
title_short |
The current potential of low-carbon economy and biomass-based electricity in cuba. The case of sugarcane, energy cane and marabu (dichrostachys cinerea) as biomass sources |
title_full |
The current potential of low-carbon economy and biomass-based electricity in cuba. The case of sugarcane, energy cane and marabu (dichrostachys cinerea) as biomass sources |
title_fullStr |
The current potential of low-carbon economy and biomass-based electricity in cuba. The case of sugarcane, energy cane and marabu (dichrostachys cinerea) as biomass sources |
title_full_unstemmed |
The current potential of low-carbon economy and biomass-based electricity in cuba. The case of sugarcane, energy cane and marabu (dichrostachys cinerea) as biomass sources |
title_sort |
The current potential of low-carbon economy and biomass-based electricity in cuba. The case of sugarcane, energy cane and marabu (dichrostachys cinerea) as biomass sources |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Sagastume Gutierrez, Alexis Cabello Eras, Juan Jose Huisingh, Donald Vandecasteele, Carlo H.A. Hens, Luc M.A |
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Sagastume Gutierrez, Alexis Cabello Eras, Juan Jose Huisingh, Donald Vandecasteele, Carlo H.A. Hens, Luc M.A |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Bioelectricity Bioenergy Biomass Low-carbon Neutral-carbon Sugar Industry |
topic |
Bioelectricity Bioenergy Biomass Low-carbon Neutral-carbon Sugar Industry |
description |
The emissions of greenhouse gases stand as a major threat of today. Moving towards CO2 neutral or low-carbon economies is a need to achieve sustainable development. This study assesses the potentialities to move Cuba towards a low-carbon economy by replacing the current electricity mix, dominated by fossil fuel based electricity generation, with biomass-based electricity generation. Because of their significant potential, the study focusses on the use of sugarcane, energy cane and marabu (dichrostachys cinerea) based biomass. Results show that biomass can support over 97% of the electricity generation planned by the Cuban government for 2030. Replacing fossil fuel based electricity with biomass-based electricity today potentially reduces up to 81% of the greenhouse gas emissions as compared to the emission levels of 2012. Implementing biomass-based electricity generation in Cuba can also reduce the costs of electricity generation by 1–30% (depending on the market price of fossil fuels). |
publishDate |
2018 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2018-11-22T15:53:13Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2018-11-22T15:53:13Z |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2018-06-20 |
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
status_str |
acceptedVersion |
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv |
09596526 |
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1725 |
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
identifier_str_mv |
09596526 Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1725 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Abreu, R., 2012. Utilización energética de la biomasa ligno-celulósica obtenida del Dichrostachys cinerea mediante procesos de termodescomposición. PhD thesis. Università Politecnica delle Marche. Abreu, R., Conesa, J., Foppa, E., O., Romero, 2012. Kinetic analysis: Simultaneous modelling of pyrolysis and combustion processes of dichrostachys cinerea. Biomass and Bioenergy. 36, 170– 175. Acaravci, A., Ozturk, I., 2010. Electricity consumption-growth nexus: evidence from panel data for transition countries. Energy Economics. 32, 604-608. Al-mulali, U., Fereidouni, H.G., Lee, J.Y., 2014. Electricity consumption from renewable and nonrenewable sources and economic growth: Evidence from Latin American countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 30, 290-298. Alonso-Alonso-Pippo, W., Garzone, P., Cornacchia, G., 2007. Agro-industry sugarcane residues disposal: the trends of their conversion into energy carriers in Cuba. Waste Management. 27, 869- 885. Alonso-Alonso-Pippo, W., Luengo, C.A., Alonsoamador, L., Alberteris, M., Garzone. P., Cornacchia, G., 2011. Energy recovery from sugarcane-trash in the light of 2nd generation biofuels. Part 1: Current situation and environmental aspects. Waste and Biomass Valorization. 2, 1-16. Alonso-Alonso-Pippo, W., Luengo, C.A., Koehlinger, J., Garzone, P., Cornacchia, G., 2008. Sugarcane energy use: the Cuban case. Energy policy. 36, 2163-2181. Altinay, G., Karagol, E., 2005. Electricity consumption and economic growth: evidence from Turkey. Energy Economics. 27, 849-856. Amores, M.J., Mele, F.D., Jiménez, L., Castells, F., 2013. Life cycle assessment of fuel ethanol from sugarcane in Argentina. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 18, 1344-1357. Anderson, J.E., DiCicco, D.M., Ginder, J.M., Kramer, U., Leone, T.G., Raney-Pablo, H.E., Wallington, T.J., 2012. High octane number ethanol–gasoline blends: Quantifying the potential benefits in the United States. Fuel. 97, 585-594. Apergis, N., Tang, C.F., 2013. Is the energy-led growth hypothesis valid? New evidence from a sample of 85 countries. Energy Economics. 38, 24-31. Berriel, S.S., Favier, A., Domínguez, E. R., Machado, I. S., Heierli, U., Scrivener, K., Martirena F., Habert, G., 2016. Assessing the environmental and economic potential of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement in Cuba. Journal of Cleaner Production, 124, 361-369. Bildirici, M.E., 2013. Economic growth and biomass energy. Biomass and bioenergy. 50, 19-24. Bridge, G., Bouzarovski, S., Bradshaw, M., Eyre, N., 2013. Geographies of energy transition: Space, place and the low-carbon economy. Energy Policy. 53, 331-340. Browne, C.A., 1919. The composition and calorific value of sirups and molasses derived from sugar cane. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 41, 1432-1440. Burch, S., 2010. In pursuit of resilient, low-carbon communities: an examination of barriers to action in three Canadian cities. Energy Policy. 38, 7575-7585. Cabello, J.J., Garcia, D., Sagastume, A., Priego, R., Hens, L., Vandecasteele, C., 2012. An approach to sustainable development: the case of Cuba. Environment, development and sustainability. 14, 573-591. Cabello, J.J., Sagastume, A., Hernández, D., Hens, L., Vandecasteele, C., 2013. Improving the environmental performance of an earthwork project using cleaner production strategies. Journal of Cleaner Production. 47, 368-376. Carraro, C., Favero, A., Massetti, E., 2012. Investments and public finance in a green, lowcarbon, economy. Energy Economics. 34, S15-S28. Casas, Y., Arteaga, L.E., Morales, M., Rosa, E., Peralta, L. M., Dewulf, J., 2010. Energy and exergy analysis of an ethanol fueled solid oxide fuel cell power plant. Chemical Engineering Journal. 162, 1057-1066. Contreras, A.M., Rosa, E., Pérez, M., Van Langenhove, H., Dewulf, J., 2009. Comparative life cycle assessment of four alternatives for using by-products of cane sugar production. Journal of Cleaner Production. 17, 772-779. Dagoumas, Α.S., Barker, T.S., 2010. Pathways to a low-carbon economy for the UK with the macro-econometric E3MG model. Energy policy. 38, 3067-3077. Deshmukha, R., Jacobsona, A., Chamberlina, C., Kammenb, D., 2013. Thermal gasification or direct combustion? Comparison of advanced cogeneration systems in the sugarcane industry. Biomass Bioenergy. 55, 163–174. Ekins, P., Anandarajah, G., Strachan, N., 2011. Towards a low-carbon economy: scenarios and policies for the UK. Climate Policy. 11, 865-882. noch, ., arren, .P., R o s, H.V., Menoyo, E.H., 2004. The effect of economic restrictions on transport practices in Cuba. Transport Policy. 11, 67-76. Federal Environment Agency, 2014. Technical Guide on the Treatment and Recycling Techniques for Sludge from municipal Wastewater Treatment with references to Best Available Techniques (BAT). Umweltbundesamt. Dresden. Germany. Figueroa, V., 1989. Experiencias cubanas en el uso de las mieles de caña para la alimentación porcina. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 1, 1-14. Font, M., Jancsics, D., 2015. From Planning to Market: A Framework for Cuba. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 35, 147–164. Font, M.A. Larson, S., 2006. Cuba: In Transition? Pathways to renewal, long-term development and global reintegration. The Bildner Center for Western Hemisphere Studies. New York. United States. Foxon, T.J., 2011. A coevolutionary framework for analysing a transition to a sustainable lowcarbon economy. Ecological Economics. 70, 2258-2267. Fuller, M.C., Portis, S.C., Kammen, D.M., 2009. Toward a low-carbon economy: municipal financing for energy efficiency and solar power. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development. 51, 22-33. Ghosh, S., 2002. Electricity consumption and economic growth in India. Energy policy. 30, 125- 129. González-Corzo, M., 2015. La agroindustria cañera cubana: transformaciones recientes. Bildner Center for Western Hemisphere Studies. New York. USA Hillier, J., Walter, C., Malin, D., Garcia-Suarez, T., Mila-i-Canals, L., Smith, P., 2011. A farmfocused calculator for emissions from crop and livestock production. Environmental Modelling & Software. 26, 1070-1078. Hu, Z., Yuan, J., Hu, Z., 2011. Study on China's low-carbon development in an Economy–Energy– Electricity–Environment framework. Energy Policy. 39, 2596-2605. IPCC, 2014. Climate change 2014: synthesis report. Contribution of working groups I, II and III to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp Johnson, E., 2009. Goodbye to carbon neutral: Getting biomass footprints right. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 29, 165-168. Käkönen, M., Kaisti, H., Luukkanen, J., 2014. Energy revolution in Cuba. Pioneering for the future. Finland futures research centre. FFRC eBook 4/2014 University of Turku, Finland. Kim, M., Day, D.F., 2011. Composition of sugar cane, energy cane, and sweet sorghum suitable for ethanol production at Louisiana sugar mills. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology. 38, 803-807. Körner, I., Saborit-Sánchez, I., Aguilera-Corrales, Y., 2008. Proposal for the integration of decentralised composting of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste into the waste management system of Cuba. Waste management. 28, 64-72. Kurchania, A.K., Panwar, N.L., Pagar, S.D., 2011. Development of domestic biogas stove. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 1, 99-103. Laino, L.D., 2016. El aprovechamiento energético en la industria azucarera Cubana. Población y Desarrollo, 20, 29-35. Lopez, J.M., Gomez, A., Aparicio, F., Sanchez, F.J., 2009. Comparison of GHG emissions from diesel, biodiesel and natural gas refuse trucks of the City of Madrid. Applied Energy. 86, 610-615. Maegaard, P., Krenz, A., Palz, W., 2013. Wind power for the world: international reviews and developments (Vol. 3). CRC Press. Florida. United States. Melo, C.A., Junior, F.H.S., Bisinoti, M.C., Moreira, A.B., Ferreira, O.P., 2016. Transforming sugarcane bagasse and vinasse wastes into hydrochar in the presence of phosphoric acid: an evaluation of nutrient contents and structural properties. Waste and Biomass Valorization. DOI 10.1007/s12649-016-9664-4 Menéndez, J., Coello, A.L., Tijonov, O.N., Rodríguez, M.A., 2006. Implementation of energy sustainability concepts during the comminution process of the Punta Gorda nickel ore plant (Cuba). Powder Technology. 170, 153-157. Montiel, J.L.R., 2003. La biomasa cañera como alternativa para el incremento de la eficiencia energética y la reducción de la contaminación ambiental. Centro Azúcar. 30, 14-21. Moraes, B.S., Zaiat, M., Bonomi, A. 2015. Anaerobic digestion of vinasse from sugarcane ethanol production in Brazil: Challenges and perspectives. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 44, 888-903. Mundaca, L., Markandya, A., Nørgaard, J., 2013. Walking away from a low-carbon economy? Recent and historical trends using a regional decomposition analysis. Energy Policy. 61, 1471-1480. Muthu, S.S. (Ed.). (2015). The Carbon Footprint Handbook. CRC Press. Florida. USA. Nixon, J.D., Dey, P. K., Ghosh, S.K., Davies, P.A., 2013. Evaluation of options for energy recovery from municipal solid waste in India using the hierarchical analytical network process. Energy. 59, 215-223. Ochoa, P.A., Cabello, J.J., Sagastume, A., Hens, L., Vandecasteele, C., 2010a. Residue from sugarcane juice filtration (filter cake): energy use at the sugar factory. Waste and Biomass Valorization. 1, 407-413. Ochoa, P.A., Sagastume, A., Cogollos, J.B., Vandecasteele, C., 2010b. Cleaner production in a small lime factory by means of process control. Journal of Cleaner Production. 18, 1171-1176. Olivier, J.G.J., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Muntean, M., Peters, J.A., 2015. Trends in global CO2 emissions 2015 report. PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. The Hague. Netherlands. ONE, 2009. Estadísticas energéticas en la revolución. Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas. La Habana. Cuba. Available in: http://www.one.cu/50aniversarioEstadisticasEnergeticas.htm (20.01.2017) ONE, 2014.Informe nacional censo de población y vivienda 2012. Oficina Nacional de Estadística. La Habana. Cuba. Available in: http://www.one.cu/informenacional2012.htm (20.01.2017) ONE, 2015a. Anuario estadístico de Cuba 2014. Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas. La Habana. Cuba. Available in: http://www.one.cu/aec2014.htm (20.01.2017) ONE, 2015b. Acceso a una energía asequible, segura, sostenible y moderna para todos. In proceedings of: Taller Desarrollo de Capacidades para la Integración de Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de Energía, Metas e Indicadores en los Programa Nacionales de Estadísticas en Países de América Latina. Panamá. Panamá. Available from: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/13097Cuba.pdf (20.01.2017) ONE, 2016a. Anuario estadístico de Cuba 2015. Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas. La Habana. Cuba. Available in: http://www.one.cu/aec2014.htm (20.01.2017) ONE, 2016b. Electricidad en cuba indicadores seleccionados: Enero - Diciembre 2015. Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas. La Habana. Cuba. Available in: http://www.one.cu/publicaciones/04industria/prodconselectricidad/ProdConsElectDici15.pdf (20.01.2017) ONE, 2016c. Panorama uso de la tierra Cuba 2015. Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas. La Habana. Cuba. Available in: http://www.one.cu/panusotierra2015.htm (20.01.2017) Ortiz, E.M., 2010. Las variedades energéticas de caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp.) como una alternativa sostenible frente a los riesgos de cambio climático. Unidad Académica de Ciencias Administrativas y Humanísticas. UTC. Thesis. Latacunga. Ecuador. Osmani, M., O'Reilly, A., 2009. Feasibility of zero carbon homes in England by 2016: A house builder's perspective. Building and Environment. 44, 1917-1924. Padrón, R., Paredes, L., Leyva, R., 2011. Generación de electricidad con biomasa de marabú como combustible en el central céspedes, provincia Camagüey. Revista Forestal Baracoa. 20, 1-5. Papadias, D.D., Ahmed, S., Kumar, R., 2012. Fuel quality issues with biogas energy–An economic analysis for a stationary fuel cell system. Energy. 44, 257-277. Pedroso, D.T., Kaltschmitt, M., 2012. Dichrostachys cinerea as a possible energy crop—facts and figures. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 2, 41-51. Pereira, M., Camacho, C., Vasconcelos, M., da Silva, N., 2012. The renewable energy market in Brazil: current status and potential. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 16, 3786–3802. Premalatha, M., Tauseef, S.M., Abbasi, T., Abbasi, S.A., 2013. The promise and the performance of the world's first two zero carbon eco-cities. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 25, 660-669. Rabl, A., Benoist, A., Dron, D., Peuportier, B., Spadaro, J.V., Zoughaib, A., 2007. How to account for CO2 emissions from biomass in an LCA. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 12, 281-281. REN21, 2016. Renewables 2016 global status report. Available from: http://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/GSR_2016_Full_Report.pdf (09.08.2016) Sagastume, A., Cabello, J.J., Billen, P., Vandecasteele, C., 2016a. Environmental assessment of pig production in Cienfuegos, Cuba: alternatives for manure management. Journal of Cleaner Production. 112, 2518-2528. Sagastume, A., Cabello, J.J., Hens, L., Vandecasteele, C., 2016b. The biomass-based electricity generation potential of the province of Cienfuegos, Cuba. Waste and Biomass Valorization. DOI 10.1007/s12649-016-9687-x. Sagastume, A., Van Caneghem, J., Cogollos, J.B., Vandecasteele, C., 2012. Evaluation of the environmental performance of lime production in Cuba. Journal of Cleaner Production. 31, 126- 136. Sagastume, A., Vandecasteele, C., 2011. Exergy-based indicators to evaluate the possibilities to reduce fuel consumption in lime production. Energy. 36, 2820-2827. Salomon, K.R., Lora, E.E.S., 2009. Estimate of the electric energy generating potential for different sources of biogas in Brazil. Biomass and Bioenergy. 33, 1101-1107. Salomon, K.R., Lora, E.E.S., Rocha, M.H., Almazán, O.O., 2011. Cost calculations for biogas from vinasse biodigestion and its energy utilization. Sugar Industry. 136, 217-223. Seifried, D., 2013. Cuban Energy Revolution – A Model for Climate Protection?. Büro Ö-quadrat. Germany. 32 pp. Available from: http://www.oe2.de/fileadmin/user_upload/download/Energierevolution_Cuba_eng.pdf (01.08.2016) Shahbaz, M., Rasool, G., Ahmed, K., Mahalik, M.K., 2016. Considering the effect of biomass energy consumption on economic growth: Fresh evidence from BRICS region. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 60, 1442-1450. Shariff, A., Aziz, N.S.M., Abdullah, N., 2014. Slow pyrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches for biochar production and characterisation. Journal of Physical Science. 25, 97-112. Shimada, K., Tanaka, Y., Gomi, K., Matsuoka, Y., 2007. Developing a long-term local society design methodology towards a low-carbon economy: An application to Shiga Prefecture in Japan. Energy Policy. 35, 4688-4703. Shirvani, T., Yan, X., Inderwildi, O.R., Edwards, P.P., King, D.A., 2011. Life cycle energy and greenhouse gas analysis for algae-derived biodiesel. Energy & Environmental Science. 4, 3773- 3778. Sims R., R. Schaeffer, F. Creutzig, X. Cruz-Núñez, . D’Agosto, D. Dimitriu, . . Figueroa Meza, L. Fulton, S. Kobayashi, O. Lah, A. McKinnon, P. Newman, M. Ouyang, J. J. Schauer, D. Sperling, and G. Tiwari, 2014. Transport. In: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Edenhofer, O., R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, E. Farahani, S. Kadner, K. Seyboth, A. Adler, I. Baum, S. Brunner, P. Eickemeier, B. Kriemann, J. Savolainen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow, T. Zwickel and J.C. Minx (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, Unated States. Skowroñska, M., Filipek, T., 2014. Life cycle assessment of fertilizers: a review. International Agrophysics. 28, 101-110. Spielmann, M., Bauer, C., Dones, R., Tuchschmid, M., 2007. Transport services. Econinvent report no. 14. Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Dübendorf. Stern, N.H., 2007. The economics of climate change: the Stern review. Cambridge University Press. United Kingdom. Suarez, J.A., Beaton, P.A., Faxas, R., Luengo, C.A., 2016. The state and prospects of renewable energy in Cuba. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy. 11, 111-117. Sutter, J., 2010. Life cycle inventories of pesticides. Final report ecoinvent v2.0, No. 15. Swiss Center for Life Cycle Inventories, St Gallen. Travieso, D, Cala, R., 2007. Perspectivas de la generación de electricidad en Cuba a partir de la gasificación de biomasa; Perspectives of Electricity Generation in Cuba from Biomass Gasification. Ingeniería Energética. 28, 15-18. UNFCCC, 2016. Report of the Conference of the Parties on its twenty-first session, held in Paris from 30 November to 13 December 2015. Framework Convention on Climate Change. Available at: http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/10.pdf (05.06.2017) Vantuono, W.C., 1999. Cuban railways: Coming out of the cold?. International Railway Journal. 39, 67-68. Vazquez, L., Luukkanen, J., Kaisti, H., Käkönen, M., Majanne, Y., 2015. Decomposition analysis of Cuban energy production and use: Analysis of energy transformation for sustainability. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 49, 638-645. Verbong, G.P., Beemsterboer, S., Sengers, F., 2013. Smart grids or smart users? Involving users in developing a low-carbon electricity economy. Energy Policy. 52, 117-125. Williams, A.G., Audsley, E., Sandars, D.L., 2010. Environmental burdens of producing bread wheat, oilseed rape and potatoes in England and Wales using simulation and system modelling. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 15, 855-868. Wood, S., Cowie, A., 2004. A review of greenhouse gas emission factors for fertiliser production. IEA bioenergy task. 38, 1-20. Available in: www.ieabioenergy-task38.org/ (20.01.2017) Yunhua, L., Boqian, W., 2014. Study on the approaches and policy recommendations of lowcarbon economy development in Hubei Province. In proceedings of: International Conference on Biotechnology, Agriculture, Environment and Energy (ICBAEE 2014). CRC Press. Beijing. China. Zhang, Z., 2010. China in the transition to a low-carbon economy. Energy Policy. 38, 6638-6653. Zhang, Z., 2011. Energy and environmental policy in China: towards a low-carbon economy. Edward Elgar Publishing. Cheltenham. United Kingdom. |
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv |
Atribución – No comercial – Compartir igual |
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Atribución – No comercial – Compartir igual http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Journal Of Cleaner Production |
institution |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/e180d0fb-2dbd-496b-b3aa-61cfa5672cd1/download https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/454b49a7-4288-41eb-9ca1-959bc32e2c2c/download https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/4ae8172a-fa39-46a1-a855-53721c546a4b/download https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/5dc4b7be-fb5d-4faa-9d1b-cf80f658113c/download |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
babfe2475ec17a45cad47681a17ed87e 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 1b2954202c5f64c0582898e93f6e4438 c0c82607e59f0e4eca45820e646322a0 |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUC |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repdigital@cuc.edu.co |
_version_ |
1828166857522151424 |
spelling |
Sagastume Gutierrez, AlexisCabello Eras, Juan JoseHuisingh, DonaldVandecasteele, Carlo H.A.Hens, Luc M.A2018-11-22T15:53:13Z2018-11-22T15:53:13Z2018-06-2009596526https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1725Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/The emissions of greenhouse gases stand as a major threat of today. Moving towards CO2 neutral or low-carbon economies is a need to achieve sustainable development. This study assesses the potentialities to move Cuba towards a low-carbon economy by replacing the current electricity mix, dominated by fossil fuel based electricity generation, with biomass-based electricity generation. Because of their significant potential, the study focusses on the use of sugarcane, energy cane and marabu (dichrostachys cinerea) based biomass. Results show that biomass can support over 97% of the electricity generation planned by the Cuban government for 2030. Replacing fossil fuel based electricity with biomass-based electricity today potentially reduces up to 81% of the greenhouse gas emissions as compared to the emission levels of 2012. Implementing biomass-based electricity generation in Cuba can also reduce the costs of electricity generation by 1–30% (depending on the market price of fossil fuels).Sagastume Gutierrez, Alexis-0000-0003-0188-7101-600Cabello Eras, Juan Jose-0000-0003-0949-0862-600Huisingh, Donald-8c948c4a-9bf5-4a7c-87a4-5aafde96a947-0Vandecasteele, Carlo H.A.-58ad29dd-fa39-49e7-ab89-c9e83ba162ff-0Hens, Luc M.A-37d0fd0b-f4f6-471e-be65-6598bab2137f-0engJournal Of Cleaner ProductionAtribución – No comercial – Compartir igualinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2BioelectricityBioenergyBiomassLow-carbonNeutral-carbonSugar IndustryThe current potential of low-carbon economy and biomass-based electricity in cuba. The case of sugarcane, energy cane and marabu (dichrostachys cinerea) as biomass sourcesArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionAbreu, R., 2012. Utilización energética de la biomasa ligno-celulósica obtenida del Dichrostachys cinerea mediante procesos de termodescomposición. PhD thesis. Università Politecnica delle Marche. Abreu, R., Conesa, J., Foppa, E., O., Romero, 2012. Kinetic analysis: Simultaneous modelling of pyrolysis and combustion processes of dichrostachys cinerea. Biomass and Bioenergy. 36, 170– 175. Acaravci, A., Ozturk, I., 2010. Electricity consumption-growth nexus: evidence from panel data for transition countries. Energy Economics. 32, 604-608. Al-mulali, U., Fereidouni, H.G., Lee, J.Y., 2014. Electricity consumption from renewable and nonrenewable sources and economic growth: Evidence from Latin American countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 30, 290-298. Alonso-Alonso-Pippo, W., Garzone, P., Cornacchia, G., 2007. Agro-industry sugarcane residues disposal: the trends of their conversion into energy carriers in Cuba. Waste Management. 27, 869- 885. Alonso-Alonso-Pippo, W., Luengo, C.A., Alonsoamador, L., Alberteris, M., Garzone. P., Cornacchia, G., 2011. Energy recovery from sugarcane-trash in the light of 2nd generation biofuels. Part 1: Current situation and environmental aspects. Waste and Biomass Valorization. 2, 1-16. Alonso-Alonso-Pippo, W., Luengo, C.A., Koehlinger, J., Garzone, P., Cornacchia, G., 2008. Sugarcane energy use: the Cuban case. Energy policy. 36, 2163-2181. Altinay, G., Karagol, E., 2005. Electricity consumption and economic growth: evidence from Turkey. Energy Economics. 27, 849-856. Amores, M.J., Mele, F.D., Jiménez, L., Castells, F., 2013. Life cycle assessment of fuel ethanol from sugarcane in Argentina. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 18, 1344-1357. Anderson, J.E., DiCicco, D.M., Ginder, J.M., Kramer, U., Leone, T.G., Raney-Pablo, H.E., Wallington, T.J., 2012. High octane number ethanol–gasoline blends: Quantifying the potential benefits in the United States. Fuel. 97, 585-594. Apergis, N., Tang, C.F., 2013. Is the energy-led growth hypothesis valid? New evidence from a sample of 85 countries. Energy Economics. 38, 24-31. Berriel, S.S., Favier, A., Domínguez, E. R., Machado, I. S., Heierli, U., Scrivener, K., Martirena F., Habert, G., 2016. Assessing the environmental and economic potential of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement in Cuba. Journal of Cleaner Production, 124, 361-369. Bildirici, M.E., 2013. Economic growth and biomass energy. Biomass and bioenergy. 50, 19-24. Bridge, G., Bouzarovski, S., Bradshaw, M., Eyre, N., 2013. Geographies of energy transition: Space, place and the low-carbon economy. Energy Policy. 53, 331-340. Browne, C.A., 1919. The composition and calorific value of sirups and molasses derived from sugar cane. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 41, 1432-1440. Burch, S., 2010. In pursuit of resilient, low-carbon communities: an examination of barriers to action in three Canadian cities. Energy Policy. 38, 7575-7585. Cabello, J.J., Garcia, D., Sagastume, A., Priego, R., Hens, L., Vandecasteele, C., 2012. An approach to sustainable development: the case of Cuba. Environment, development and sustainability. 14, 573-591. Cabello, J.J., Sagastume, A., Hernández, D., Hens, L., Vandecasteele, C., 2013. Improving the environmental performance of an earthwork project using cleaner production strategies. Journal of Cleaner Production. 47, 368-376. Carraro, C., Favero, A., Massetti, E., 2012. Investments and public finance in a green, lowcarbon, economy. Energy Economics. 34, S15-S28. Casas, Y., Arteaga, L.E., Morales, M., Rosa, E., Peralta, L. M., Dewulf, J., 2010. Energy and exergy analysis of an ethanol fueled solid oxide fuel cell power plant. Chemical Engineering Journal. 162, 1057-1066. Contreras, A.M., Rosa, E., Pérez, M., Van Langenhove, H., Dewulf, J., 2009. Comparative life cycle assessment of four alternatives for using by-products of cane sugar production. Journal of Cleaner Production. 17, 772-779. Dagoumas, Α.S., Barker, T.S., 2010. Pathways to a low-carbon economy for the UK with the macro-econometric E3MG model. Energy policy. 38, 3067-3077. Deshmukha, R., Jacobsona, A., Chamberlina, C., Kammenb, D., 2013. Thermal gasification or direct combustion? Comparison of advanced cogeneration systems in the sugarcane industry. Biomass Bioenergy. 55, 163–174. Ekins, P., Anandarajah, G., Strachan, N., 2011. Towards a low-carbon economy: scenarios and policies for the UK. Climate Policy. 11, 865-882. noch, ., arren, .P., R o s, H.V., Menoyo, E.H., 2004. The effect of economic restrictions on transport practices in Cuba. Transport Policy. 11, 67-76. Federal Environment Agency, 2014. Technical Guide on the Treatment and Recycling Techniques for Sludge from municipal Wastewater Treatment with references to Best Available Techniques (BAT). Umweltbundesamt. Dresden. Germany. Figueroa, V., 1989. Experiencias cubanas en el uso de las mieles de caña para la alimentación porcina. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 1, 1-14. Font, M., Jancsics, D., 2015. From Planning to Market: A Framework for Cuba. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 35, 147–164. Font, M.A. Larson, S., 2006. Cuba: In Transition? Pathways to renewal, long-term development and global reintegration. The Bildner Center for Western Hemisphere Studies. New York. United States. Foxon, T.J., 2011. A coevolutionary framework for analysing a transition to a sustainable lowcarbon economy. Ecological Economics. 70, 2258-2267. Fuller, M.C., Portis, S.C., Kammen, D.M., 2009. Toward a low-carbon economy: municipal financing for energy efficiency and solar power. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development. 51, 22-33. Ghosh, S., 2002. Electricity consumption and economic growth in India. Energy policy. 30, 125- 129. González-Corzo, M., 2015. La agroindustria cañera cubana: transformaciones recientes. Bildner Center for Western Hemisphere Studies. New York. USA Hillier, J., Walter, C., Malin, D., Garcia-Suarez, T., Mila-i-Canals, L., Smith, P., 2011. A farmfocused calculator for emissions from crop and livestock production. Environmental Modelling & Software. 26, 1070-1078. Hu, Z., Yuan, J., Hu, Z., 2011. Study on China's low-carbon development in an Economy–Energy– Electricity–Environment framework. Energy Policy. 39, 2596-2605. IPCC, 2014. Climate change 2014: synthesis report. Contribution of working groups I, II and III to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp Johnson, E., 2009. Goodbye to carbon neutral: Getting biomass footprints right. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 29, 165-168. Käkönen, M., Kaisti, H., Luukkanen, J., 2014. Energy revolution in Cuba. Pioneering for the future. Finland futures research centre. FFRC eBook 4/2014 University of Turku, Finland. Kim, M., Day, D.F., 2011. Composition of sugar cane, energy cane, and sweet sorghum suitable for ethanol production at Louisiana sugar mills. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology. 38, 803-807. Körner, I., Saborit-Sánchez, I., Aguilera-Corrales, Y., 2008. Proposal for the integration of decentralised composting of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste into the waste management system of Cuba. Waste management. 28, 64-72. Kurchania, A.K., Panwar, N.L., Pagar, S.D., 2011. Development of domestic biogas stove. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 1, 99-103. Laino, L.D., 2016. El aprovechamiento energético en la industria azucarera Cubana. Población y Desarrollo, 20, 29-35. Lopez, J.M., Gomez, A., Aparicio, F., Sanchez, F.J., 2009. Comparison of GHG emissions from diesel, biodiesel and natural gas refuse trucks of the City of Madrid. Applied Energy. 86, 610-615. Maegaard, P., Krenz, A., Palz, W., 2013. Wind power for the world: international reviews and developments (Vol. 3). CRC Press. Florida. United States. Melo, C.A., Junior, F.H.S., Bisinoti, M.C., Moreira, A.B., Ferreira, O.P., 2016. Transforming sugarcane bagasse and vinasse wastes into hydrochar in the presence of phosphoric acid: an evaluation of nutrient contents and structural properties. Waste and Biomass Valorization. DOI 10.1007/s12649-016-9664-4 Menéndez, J., Coello, A.L., Tijonov, O.N., Rodríguez, M.A., 2006. Implementation of energy sustainability concepts during the comminution process of the Punta Gorda nickel ore plant (Cuba). Powder Technology. 170, 153-157. Montiel, J.L.R., 2003. La biomasa cañera como alternativa para el incremento de la eficiencia energética y la reducción de la contaminación ambiental. Centro Azúcar. 30, 14-21. Moraes, B.S., Zaiat, M., Bonomi, A. 2015. Anaerobic digestion of vinasse from sugarcane ethanol production in Brazil: Challenges and perspectives. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 44, 888-903. Mundaca, L., Markandya, A., Nørgaard, J., 2013. Walking away from a low-carbon economy? Recent and historical trends using a regional decomposition analysis. Energy Policy. 61, 1471-1480. Muthu, S.S. (Ed.). (2015). The Carbon Footprint Handbook. CRC Press. Florida. USA. Nixon, J.D., Dey, P. K., Ghosh, S.K., Davies, P.A., 2013. Evaluation of options for energy recovery from municipal solid waste in India using the hierarchical analytical network process. Energy. 59, 215-223. Ochoa, P.A., Cabello, J.J., Sagastume, A., Hens, L., Vandecasteele, C., 2010a. Residue from sugarcane juice filtration (filter cake): energy use at the sugar factory. Waste and Biomass Valorization. 1, 407-413. Ochoa, P.A., Sagastume, A., Cogollos, J.B., Vandecasteele, C., 2010b. Cleaner production in a small lime factory by means of process control. Journal of Cleaner Production. 18, 1171-1176. Olivier, J.G.J., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Muntean, M., Peters, J.A., 2015. Trends in global CO2 emissions 2015 report. PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. The Hague. Netherlands. ONE, 2009. Estadísticas energéticas en la revolución. Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas. La Habana. Cuba. Available in: http://www.one.cu/50aniversarioEstadisticasEnergeticas.htm (20.01.2017) ONE, 2014.Informe nacional censo de población y vivienda 2012. Oficina Nacional de Estadística. La Habana. Cuba. Available in: http://www.one.cu/informenacional2012.htm (20.01.2017) ONE, 2015a. Anuario estadístico de Cuba 2014. Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas. La Habana. Cuba. Available in: http://www.one.cu/aec2014.htm (20.01.2017) ONE, 2015b. Acceso a una energía asequible, segura, sostenible y moderna para todos. In proceedings of: Taller Desarrollo de Capacidades para la Integración de Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de Energía, Metas e Indicadores en los Programa Nacionales de Estadísticas en Países de América Latina. Panamá. Panamá. Available from: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/13097Cuba.pdf (20.01.2017) ONE, 2016a. Anuario estadístico de Cuba 2015. Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas. La Habana. Cuba. Available in: http://www.one.cu/aec2014.htm (20.01.2017) ONE, 2016b. Electricidad en cuba indicadores seleccionados: Enero - Diciembre 2015. Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas. La Habana. Cuba. Available in: http://www.one.cu/publicaciones/04industria/prodconselectricidad/ProdConsElectDici15.pdf (20.01.2017) ONE, 2016c. Panorama uso de la tierra Cuba 2015. Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas. La Habana. Cuba. Available in: http://www.one.cu/panusotierra2015.htm (20.01.2017) Ortiz, E.M., 2010. Las variedades energéticas de caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp.) como una alternativa sostenible frente a los riesgos de cambio climático. Unidad Académica de Ciencias Administrativas y Humanísticas. UTC. Thesis. Latacunga. Ecuador. Osmani, M., O'Reilly, A., 2009. Feasibility of zero carbon homes in England by 2016: A house builder's perspective. Building and Environment. 44, 1917-1924. Padrón, R., Paredes, L., Leyva, R., 2011. Generación de electricidad con biomasa de marabú como combustible en el central céspedes, provincia Camagüey. Revista Forestal Baracoa. 20, 1-5. Papadias, D.D., Ahmed, S., Kumar, R., 2012. Fuel quality issues with biogas energy–An economic analysis for a stationary fuel cell system. Energy. 44, 257-277. Pedroso, D.T., Kaltschmitt, M., 2012. Dichrostachys cinerea as a possible energy crop—facts and figures. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 2, 41-51. Pereira, M., Camacho, C., Vasconcelos, M., da Silva, N., 2012. The renewable energy market in Brazil: current status and potential. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 16, 3786–3802. Premalatha, M., Tauseef, S.M., Abbasi, T., Abbasi, S.A., 2013. The promise and the performance of the world's first two zero carbon eco-cities. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 25, 660-669. Rabl, A., Benoist, A., Dron, D., Peuportier, B., Spadaro, J.V., Zoughaib, A., 2007. How to account for CO2 emissions from biomass in an LCA. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 12, 281-281. REN21, 2016. Renewables 2016 global status report. Available from: http://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/GSR_2016_Full_Report.pdf (09.08.2016) Sagastume, A., Cabello, J.J., Billen, P., Vandecasteele, C., 2016a. Environmental assessment of pig production in Cienfuegos, Cuba: alternatives for manure management. Journal of Cleaner Production. 112, 2518-2528. Sagastume, A., Cabello, J.J., Hens, L., Vandecasteele, C., 2016b. The biomass-based electricity generation potential of the province of Cienfuegos, Cuba. Waste and Biomass Valorization. DOI 10.1007/s12649-016-9687-x. Sagastume, A., Van Caneghem, J., Cogollos, J.B., Vandecasteele, C., 2012. Evaluation of the environmental performance of lime production in Cuba. Journal of Cleaner Production. 31, 126- 136. Sagastume, A., Vandecasteele, C., 2011. Exergy-based indicators to evaluate the possibilities to reduce fuel consumption in lime production. Energy. 36, 2820-2827. Salomon, K.R., Lora, E.E.S., 2009. Estimate of the electric energy generating potential for different sources of biogas in Brazil. Biomass and Bioenergy. 33, 1101-1107. Salomon, K.R., Lora, E.E.S., Rocha, M.H., Almazán, O.O., 2011. Cost calculations for biogas from vinasse biodigestion and its energy utilization. Sugar Industry. 136, 217-223. Seifried, D., 2013. Cuban Energy Revolution – A Model for Climate Protection?. Büro Ö-quadrat. Germany. 32 pp. Available from: http://www.oe2.de/fileadmin/user_upload/download/Energierevolution_Cuba_eng.pdf (01.08.2016) Shahbaz, M., Rasool, G., Ahmed, K., Mahalik, M.K., 2016. Considering the effect of biomass energy consumption on economic growth: Fresh evidence from BRICS region. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 60, 1442-1450. Shariff, A., Aziz, N.S.M., Abdullah, N., 2014. Slow pyrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches for biochar production and characterisation. Journal of Physical Science. 25, 97-112. Shimada, K., Tanaka, Y., Gomi, K., Matsuoka, Y., 2007. Developing a long-term local society design methodology towards a low-carbon economy: An application to Shiga Prefecture in Japan. Energy Policy. 35, 4688-4703. Shirvani, T., Yan, X., Inderwildi, O.R., Edwards, P.P., King, D.A., 2011. Life cycle energy and greenhouse gas analysis for algae-derived biodiesel. Energy & Environmental Science. 4, 3773- 3778. Sims R., R. Schaeffer, F. Creutzig, X. Cruz-Núñez, . D’Agosto, D. Dimitriu, . . Figueroa Meza, L. Fulton, S. Kobayashi, O. Lah, A. McKinnon, P. Newman, M. Ouyang, J. J. Schauer, D. Sperling, and G. Tiwari, 2014. Transport. In: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Edenhofer, O., R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, E. Farahani, S. Kadner, K. Seyboth, A. Adler, I. Baum, S. Brunner, P. Eickemeier, B. Kriemann, J. Savolainen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow, T. Zwickel and J.C. Minx (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, Unated States. Skowroñska, M., Filipek, T., 2014. Life cycle assessment of fertilizers: a review. International Agrophysics. 28, 101-110. Spielmann, M., Bauer, C., Dones, R., Tuchschmid, M., 2007. Transport services. Econinvent report no. 14. Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Dübendorf. Stern, N.H., 2007. The economics of climate change: the Stern review. Cambridge University Press. United Kingdom. Suarez, J.A., Beaton, P.A., Faxas, R., Luengo, C.A., 2016. The state and prospects of renewable energy in Cuba. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy. 11, 111-117. Sutter, J., 2010. Life cycle inventories of pesticides. Final report ecoinvent v2.0, No. 15. Swiss Center for Life Cycle Inventories, St Gallen. Travieso, D, Cala, R., 2007. Perspectivas de la generación de electricidad en Cuba a partir de la gasificación de biomasa; Perspectives of Electricity Generation in Cuba from Biomass Gasification. Ingeniería Energética. 28, 15-18. UNFCCC, 2016. Report of the Conference of the Parties on its twenty-first session, held in Paris from 30 November to 13 December 2015. Framework Convention on Climate Change. Available at: http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/10.pdf (05.06.2017) Vantuono, W.C., 1999. Cuban railways: Coming out of the cold?. International Railway Journal. 39, 67-68. Vazquez, L., Luukkanen, J., Kaisti, H., Käkönen, M., Majanne, Y., 2015. Decomposition analysis of Cuban energy production and use: Analysis of energy transformation for sustainability. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 49, 638-645. Verbong, G.P., Beemsterboer, S., Sengers, F., 2013. Smart grids or smart users? Involving users in developing a low-carbon electricity economy. Energy Policy. 52, 117-125. Williams, A.G., Audsley, E., Sandars, D.L., 2010. Environmental burdens of producing bread wheat, oilseed rape and potatoes in England and Wales using simulation and system modelling. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 15, 855-868. Wood, S., Cowie, A., 2004. A review of greenhouse gas emission factors for fertiliser production. IEA bioenergy task. 38, 1-20. Available in: www.ieabioenergy-task38.org/ (20.01.2017) Yunhua, L., Boqian, W., 2014. Study on the approaches and policy recommendations of lowcarbon economy development in Hubei Province. In proceedings of: International Conference on Biotechnology, Agriculture, Environment and Energy (ICBAEE 2014). CRC Press. Beijing. China. Zhang, Z., 2010. China in the transition to a low-carbon economy. Energy Policy. 38, 6638-6653. Zhang, Z., 2011. Energy and environmental policy in China: towards a low-carbon economy. Edward Elgar Publishing. Cheltenham. United Kingdom.PublicationORIGINALThe Current Potential Of Low-Carbon.pdfThe Current Potential Of Low-Carbon.pdfapplication/pdf2188612https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/e180d0fb-2dbd-496b-b3aa-61cfa5672cd1/downloadbabfe2475ec17a45cad47681a17ed87eMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/454b49a7-4288-41eb-9ca1-959bc32e2c2c/download8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD52THUMBNAILThe Current Potential Of Low-Carbon.pdf.jpgThe Current Potential Of Low-Carbon.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg60408https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/4ae8172a-fa39-46a1-a855-53721c546a4b/download1b2954202c5f64c0582898e93f6e4438MD54TEXTThe Current Potential Of Low-Carbon.pdf.txtThe Current Potential Of Low-Carbon.pdf.txttext/plain83869https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/5dc4b7be-fb5d-4faa-9d1b-cf80f658113c/downloadc0c82607e59f0e4eca45820e646322a0MD5511323/1725oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/17252024-09-17 14:18:52.407open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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 |