Development of fibre-reinforced cementitious mortar with mineral wool and coconut fibre
Globally, as human population and industries grow, so does the creation of agricultural, industrial, and demolition waste. When these wastes are not properly recycled, reused, or disposed of, they pose a threat to the environment. The importance of this study lies in the beneficial use of coconut fi...
- Autores:
-
Awoyera, Paul O.
Odutuga, Oluwaseun L.
Effiong, John Uduak
Silvera Sarmiento, Astelio De Jesus
Mortazavi, Seyed Javad
Hu, Jong Wan
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/13813
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13813
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Coconut fibres
Mineral wool fibres
Mortar
Durability
Strength properties
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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Development of fibre-reinforced cementitious mortar with mineral wool and coconut fibre |
| title |
Development of fibre-reinforced cementitious mortar with mineral wool and coconut fibre |
| spellingShingle |
Development of fibre-reinforced cementitious mortar with mineral wool and coconut fibre Coconut fibres Mineral wool fibres Mortar Durability Strength properties |
| title_short |
Development of fibre-reinforced cementitious mortar with mineral wool and coconut fibre |
| title_full |
Development of fibre-reinforced cementitious mortar with mineral wool and coconut fibre |
| title_fullStr |
Development of fibre-reinforced cementitious mortar with mineral wool and coconut fibre |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Development of fibre-reinforced cementitious mortar with mineral wool and coconut fibre |
| title_sort |
Development of fibre-reinforced cementitious mortar with mineral wool and coconut fibre |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Awoyera, Paul O. Odutuga, Oluwaseun L. Effiong, John Uduak Silvera Sarmiento, Astelio De Jesus Mortazavi, Seyed Javad Hu, Jong Wan |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Awoyera, Paul O. Odutuga, Oluwaseun L. Effiong, John Uduak Silvera Sarmiento, Astelio De Jesus Mortazavi, Seyed Javad Hu, Jong Wan |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Coconut fibres Mineral wool fibres Mortar Durability Strength properties |
| topic |
Coconut fibres Mineral wool fibres Mortar Durability Strength properties |
| description |
Globally, as human population and industries grow, so does the creation of agricultural, industrial, and demolition waste. When these wastes are not properly recycled, reused, or disposed of, they pose a threat to the environment. The importance of this study lies in the beneficial use of coconut fibre and mineral wool in the form of fibres in cement mortar production. This study examines the use of coconut and mineral wool fibres in the production of fibre-reinforced mortar. Five different mortar mixtures were prepared, having one control mortar along with four fibre-reinforced mortars. The control mortar is denoted as CM while 1% and 1.5% of mineral wool are incorporated into this mortar mix and denoted as RMM-1.0 and RMM-1.5, respectively. Additionally, the mortar sample configurations contain 1% and 1.5% coconut fibers, designated as RCM-1.0 and RCM-1.5. These samples were subjected to different strength and durability tests to determine their suitability for use in mortar production. The testing findings show that mortar containing 1.5% mineral wool has better compared flexural strength and durability properties. The investigation results will form part of the database for the efficient utilization of natural and waste fibres in the construction and building sectors. |
| publishDate |
2022 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-06-17 |
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2024-11-25T17:45:32Z |
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2024-11-25T17:45:32Z |
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Artículo de revista |
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Awoyera, P.O.; Odutuga, O.L.; Effiong, J.U.; De Jesus Silvera Sarmiento, A.; Mortazavi, S.J.; Hu, J.W. Development of Fibre-Reinforced Cementitious Mortar with Mineral Wool and Coconut Fibre. Materials 2022, 15, 4520. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15134520 |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13813 |
| dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.3390/ma15134520 |
| dc.identifier.eissn.none.fl_str_mv |
1996-1944 |
| dc.identifier.instname.none.fl_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
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REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
| dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
| identifier_str_mv |
Awoyera, P.O.; Odutuga, O.L.; Effiong, J.U.; De Jesus Silvera Sarmiento, A.; Mortazavi, S.J.; Hu, J.W. Development of Fibre-Reinforced Cementitious Mortar with Mineral Wool and Coconut Fibre. Materials 2022, 15, 4520. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15134520 10.3390/ma15134520 1996-1944 Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13813 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
| dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
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Materials |
| dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv |
Parashar, A.K.; Gupta, A. Investigation of the Effect of Bagasse Ash, Hooked Steel Fibers and Glass Fibers on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete. Mater. Today Proc. 2021, 44, 801–807. [CrossRef] Todor, M.P.; Bulei, C.; Kiss, I.; Alexa, V. Recycling of Textile Wastes into Textile Composites Based on Natural Fibres: The Valorisation Potential. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2019, 477, 012004. [CrossRef] Clarence, O. Assessment of Quantity of Coconut Waste Generated and Management in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology College of Engineering: Kumasi, Ghana, 2016. Tomar, R.; Kishore, K.; Singh Parihar, H.; Gupta, N. A Comprehensive Study of Waste Coconut Shell Aggregate as Raw Material in Concrete. Mater. Today Proc. 2021, 44, 437–443. [CrossRef] Kosseva, M.R. Waste From Fruit Wine Production; Elsevier Inc.: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2017; ISBN 9780128010341. Yliniemi, J.; Ramaswamy, R.; Luukkonen, T.; Laitinen, O.; de Sousa, Á.N.; Huuhtanen, M.; Illikainen, M. Characterization of Mineral Wool Waste Chemical Composition, Organic Resin Content and Fiber Dimensions: Aspects for Valorization. Waste Manag. 2021, 131, 323–330. [CrossRef] Mehrzad, S.; Taban, E.; Soltani, P.; Samaei, S.E.; Khavanin, A. Sugarcane Bagasse Waste Fibers as Novel Thermal Insulation and Sound-Absorbing Materials for Application in Sustainable Buildings. Build. Environ. 2022, 211, 108753. [CrossRef] Madhwani, H.; Sathyan, D.; Mini, K.M. Study on Durability and Hardened State Properties of Sugarcane Bagasse Fiber Reinforced Foam Concrete. Mater. Today Proc. 2019, 46, 4782–4787. [CrossRef] Fajrin, J.; Akmaluddin, A.; Gapsari, F. Utilization of Kenaf Fiber Waste as Reinforced Polymer Composites. Results Eng. 2022, 13, 100380. [CrossRef] Papatzani, S.; Paine, K. Overview of Construction and Demolition Waste Legislation in EU and Greece & State of the Art on Recycling CDEW in Concrete. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Environmental Management, Engineering, Planning & Economics (CEMEPE 2015), Mykonos island, Greece, 14–18 June 2015. Chandramouli, K.; Rao, S.S.; Pannirselvam, N.; Sekhar, S.T.; Sravana, P. Strength Properties of Glass Fibre Concrete. J. Eng. Appl. Sci. 2010, 5, 1–6. Plizzari, G.; Mindess, S. Fiber-Reinforced Concrete; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2019; ISBN 9780081026168. Das, P.P.; Chaudhary, V. Moving towards the Era of Bio Fibre Based Polymer Composites. Clean. Eng. Technol. 2021, 4, 100182. [CrossRef] Nwankwo, C.O.; Ede, A.N.; Olofinnade, O.M.; Osofero, A.I. NFRP Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2019, 640, 012074. [CrossRef] Gualtieri, A.F. Bridging the Gap between Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of Mineral Fibres by Connecting the Fibre Crystal-Chemical and Physical Parameters to the Key Characteristics of Cancer. Curr. Res. Toxicol. 2021, 2, 42–52. [CrossRef] [PubMed] Shahinur, S.; Hasan, M. Natural Fiber and Synthetic Fiber Composites: Comparison of Properties, Performance, Cost and Environmental Benefits; Elsevier Ltd.: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2020; Volume 2, ISBN 9780128035818. Kumar, S.; Prasad, L.; Patel, V.K.; Kumar, V.; Kumar, A.; Yadav, A.; Winczek, J. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Natural Leaf Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Polyester Composites. Polymers 2021, 13, 1369. [CrossRef] [PubMed] Alabduljabbar, H.; Mohammadhosseini, H.; Tahir, M.M.; Alyousef, R. Green and Sustainable Concrete Production Using Carpet Fibers Waste and Palm Oil Fuel Ash. Mater. Today Proc. 2019, 39, 929–934. [CrossRef] Su, Y.; Li, J.; Wu, C.; Wu, P.; Li, Z.X. Effects of Steel Fibres on Dynamic Strength of UHPC. Constr. Build. Mater. 2016, 114, 708–718. [CrossRef] Pöhler, C.; Bachtiar, E.V.; Yan, L.; Kasal, B. Composites for Structural Strengthening, Repair, Rehabilitation, and Retrofit. Compos. Mater. 2021, 205–226. [CrossRef] Ferrara, G.; Pepe, M.; Filho, R.D.T.; Martinelli, E. Mechanical Response and Analysis of Cracking Process in Hybrid TRM Composites with Flax Textile and Curauá Fibres. Polymers 2021, 13, 715. [CrossRef] Piña Ramírez, C.; del Río Merino, M.; Viñas Arrebola, C.; Vidales Barriguete, A.; Kosior-Kazberuk, M. Analysis of the Mechanical Behaviour of the Cement Mortars with Additives of Mineral Wool Fibres from Recycling of CDW. Constr. Build. Mater. 2019, 210, 56–62. [CrossRef] Long, W.; Wang, Y. Effect of Pine Needle Fibre Reinforcement on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 2021, 278, 122333. [CrossRef] BS EN 1015-1; British Standard Methods of Test for Mortar for Masonry—Part 1: Determination of Particle Size Distribution (by Sieve Analysis). British Standard Institute: London, UK, 2004. Awoyera, P.O.; Effiong, J.U.; Olalusi, O.B.; Prakash Arunachalam, K.; de Azevedo, A.R.G.; Martinelli, F.R.B.; Monteiro, S.N. Experimental Findings and Validation on Torsional Behaviour of Fibre-Reinforced Concrete Beams: A Review. Polymers 2022, 14, 1171. [CrossRef] BS EN 1015-6; British Standard Methods of Test for Mortar for Masonry—Part 6: Determination of Bulk Density of Fresh Mortar. British Standard Institute: London, UK, 2004. BS EN 1015-11; Methods of Test for Mortar for Masonry—Part 11: Determination of Flexural and Compressive Strength of Hardened Mortar. British Standard Institute: London, UK, 2000; pp. 2017–2028. BS EN 1015-18; British Standard Methods of Test for Mortar for Masonry—Part 18: Determination of Water Absorption Coefficient Due to Capillary Action of Hardened Mortar. British Standard Institute: London, UK, 2004. BS 812-2; British Standard Testing Aggregates Part 2: Method of Determination of Density. BSI Standard Publication: London, UK, 1995. EN 12350-2:2009; Testing Fresh Concrete—Part 2: Slump Test. BSI Standard Publication: London, UK, 2009; pp. 5–8. Awoyera, P.O.; Olalusi, O.B.; Babagbale, D.P.; Babalola, O.E. A Review of Lightweight Composite Development Using Paper Waste and Pulverized Ceramics—Towards a Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Construction. Int. J. Eng. Res. Afr. 2021, 56, 77–94. [CrossRef] Mathavan, M.; Sakthieswaran, N.; Babu, O.G. Experimental Investigation on Strength and Properties of Natural Fibre Reinforced Cement Mortar. Mater. Today Proc. 2020, 37, 1066–1070. [CrossRef] Chandrasekaran, R.G.; Ramakrishna, G. Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Economical Local Natural Fibre Reinforced Cement Mortar. Mater. Today Proc. 2021, 46, 7633–7638. [CrossRef] Rama Rao, P.; Ramakrishna, G. Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber Reinforced Cement Mortar. Mater. Today Proc. 2021, 46, 471–477. [CrossRef] Ibrahim, N.M.; Rahim, N.L.; Amat, R.C.; Rahim, M.A.; Woo, C.K.; Zakarya, I.A.; Moncea, A. Workability and Density of Concrete Containing Coconut Fiber BT—Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Green Environmental Engineering and Technology; Mohamed Noor, N., Sam, S.T., Abdul Kadir, A., Eds.; Springer Nature: Singapore, 2022; pp. 347–352. |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)© 2022 by the authors.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Awoyera, Paul O.Odutuga, Oluwaseun L.Effiong, John UduakSilvera Sarmiento, Astelio De JesusMortazavi, Seyed JavadHu, Jong Wan2024-11-25T17:45:32Z2024-11-25T17:45:32Z2022-06-17Awoyera, P.O.; Odutuga, O.L.; Effiong, J.U.; De Jesus Silvera Sarmiento, A.; Mortazavi, S.J.; Hu, J.W. Development of Fibre-Reinforced Cementitious Mortar with Mineral Wool and Coconut Fibre. Materials 2022, 15, 4520. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15134520https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1381310.3390/ma151345201996-1944Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Globally, as human population and industries grow, so does the creation of agricultural, industrial, and demolition waste. When these wastes are not properly recycled, reused, or disposed of, they pose a threat to the environment. The importance of this study lies in the beneficial use of coconut fibre and mineral wool in the form of fibres in cement mortar production. This study examines the use of coconut and mineral wool fibres in the production of fibre-reinforced mortar. Five different mortar mixtures were prepared, having one control mortar along with four fibre-reinforced mortars. The control mortar is denoted as CM while 1% and 1.5% of mineral wool are incorporated into this mortar mix and denoted as RMM-1.0 and RMM-1.5, respectively. Additionally, the mortar sample configurations contain 1% and 1.5% coconut fibers, designated as RCM-1.0 and RCM-1.5. These samples were subjected to different strength and durability tests to determine their suitability for use in mortar production. The testing findings show that mortar containing 1.5% mineral wool has better compared flexural strength and durability properties. The investigation results will form part of the database for the efficient utilization of natural and waste fibres in the construction and building sectors.14 páginasapplication/pdfengMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)Switzerlandhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/13/4520Development of fibre-reinforced cementitious mortar with mineral wool and coconut fibreArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85MaterialsParashar, A.K.; Gupta, A. Investigation of the Effect of Bagasse Ash, Hooked Steel Fibers and Glass Fibers on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete. Mater. Today Proc. 2021, 44, 801–807. [CrossRef]Todor, M.P.; Bulei, C.; Kiss, I.; Alexa, V. Recycling of Textile Wastes into Textile Composites Based on Natural Fibres: The Valorisation Potential. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2019, 477, 012004. [CrossRef]Clarence, O. Assessment of Quantity of Coconut Waste Generated and Management in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology College of Engineering: Kumasi, Ghana, 2016.Tomar, R.; Kishore, K.; Singh Parihar, H.; Gupta, N. A Comprehensive Study of Waste Coconut Shell Aggregate as Raw Material in Concrete. Mater. Today Proc. 2021, 44, 437–443. [CrossRef]Kosseva, M.R. Waste From Fruit Wine Production; Elsevier Inc.: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2017; ISBN 9780128010341.Yliniemi, J.; Ramaswamy, R.; Luukkonen, T.; Laitinen, O.; de Sousa, Á.N.; Huuhtanen, M.; Illikainen, M. Characterization of Mineral Wool Waste Chemical Composition, Organic Resin Content and Fiber Dimensions: Aspects for Valorization. Waste Manag. 2021, 131, 323–330. [CrossRef]Mehrzad, S.; Taban, E.; Soltani, P.; Samaei, S.E.; Khavanin, A. Sugarcane Bagasse Waste Fibers as Novel Thermal Insulation and Sound-Absorbing Materials for Application in Sustainable Buildings. Build. Environ. 2022, 211, 108753. [CrossRef]Madhwani, H.; Sathyan, D.; Mini, K.M. Study on Durability and Hardened State Properties of Sugarcane Bagasse Fiber Reinforced Foam Concrete. Mater. Today Proc. 2019, 46, 4782–4787. [CrossRef]Fajrin, J.; Akmaluddin, A.; Gapsari, F. Utilization of Kenaf Fiber Waste as Reinforced Polymer Composites. Results Eng. 2022, 13, 100380. [CrossRef]Papatzani, S.; Paine, K. Overview of Construction and Demolition Waste Legislation in EU and Greece & State of the Art on Recycling CDEW in Concrete. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Environmental Management, Engineering, Planning & Economics (CEMEPE 2015), Mykonos island, Greece, 14–18 June 2015.Chandramouli, K.; Rao, S.S.; Pannirselvam, N.; Sekhar, S.T.; Sravana, P. Strength Properties of Glass Fibre Concrete. J. Eng. Appl. Sci. 2010, 5, 1–6.Plizzari, G.; Mindess, S. Fiber-Reinforced Concrete; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2019; ISBN 9780081026168.Das, P.P.; Chaudhary, V. Moving towards the Era of Bio Fibre Based Polymer Composites. Clean. Eng. Technol. 2021, 4, 100182. [CrossRef]Nwankwo, C.O.; Ede, A.N.; Olofinnade, O.M.; Osofero, A.I. NFRP Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2019, 640, 012074. [CrossRef]Gualtieri, A.F. Bridging the Gap between Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of Mineral Fibres by Connecting the Fibre Crystal-Chemical and Physical Parameters to the Key Characteristics of Cancer. Curr. Res. Toxicol. 2021, 2, 42–52. [CrossRef] [PubMed]Shahinur, S.; Hasan, M. Natural Fiber and Synthetic Fiber Composites: Comparison of Properties, Performance, Cost and Environmental Benefits; Elsevier Ltd.: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2020; Volume 2, ISBN 9780128035818.Kumar, S.; Prasad, L.; Patel, V.K.; Kumar, V.; Kumar, A.; Yadav, A.; Winczek, J. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Natural Leaf Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Polyester Composites. Polymers 2021, 13, 1369. [CrossRef] [PubMed]Alabduljabbar, H.; Mohammadhosseini, H.; Tahir, M.M.; Alyousef, R. Green and Sustainable Concrete Production Using Carpet Fibers Waste and Palm Oil Fuel Ash. Mater. Today Proc. 2019, 39, 929–934. [CrossRef]Su, Y.; Li, J.; Wu, C.; Wu, P.; Li, Z.X. Effects of Steel Fibres on Dynamic Strength of UHPC. Constr. Build. Mater. 2016, 114, 708–718. [CrossRef]Pöhler, C.; Bachtiar, E.V.; Yan, L.; Kasal, B. Composites for Structural Strengthening, Repair, Rehabilitation, and Retrofit. Compos. Mater. 2021, 205–226. [CrossRef]Ferrara, G.; Pepe, M.; Filho, R.D.T.; Martinelli, E. Mechanical Response and Analysis of Cracking Process in Hybrid TRM Composites with Flax Textile and Curauá Fibres. Polymers 2021, 13, 715. [CrossRef]Piña Ramírez, C.; del Río Merino, M.; Viñas Arrebola, C.; Vidales Barriguete, A.; Kosior-Kazberuk, M. Analysis of the Mechanical Behaviour of the Cement Mortars with Additives of Mineral Wool Fibres from Recycling of CDW. Constr. Build. Mater. 2019, 210, 56–62. [CrossRef]Long, W.; Wang, Y. Effect of Pine Needle Fibre Reinforcement on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 2021, 278, 122333. [CrossRef]BS EN 1015-1; British Standard Methods of Test for Mortar for Masonry—Part 1: Determination of Particle Size Distribution (by Sieve Analysis). British Standard Institute: London, UK, 2004.Awoyera, P.O.; Effiong, J.U.; Olalusi, O.B.; Prakash Arunachalam, K.; de Azevedo, A.R.G.; Martinelli, F.R.B.; Monteiro, S.N. Experimental Findings and Validation on Torsional Behaviour of Fibre-Reinforced Concrete Beams: A Review. Polymers 2022, 14, 1171. [CrossRef]BS EN 1015-6; British Standard Methods of Test for Mortar for Masonry—Part 6: Determination of Bulk Density of Fresh Mortar. British Standard Institute: London, UK, 2004.BS EN 1015-11; Methods of Test for Mortar for Masonry—Part 11: Determination of Flexural and Compressive Strength of Hardened Mortar. British Standard Institute: London, UK, 2000; pp. 2017–2028.BS EN 1015-18; British Standard Methods of Test for Mortar for Masonry—Part 18: Determination of Water Absorption Coefficient Due to Capillary Action of Hardened Mortar. British Standard Institute: London, UK, 2004.BS 812-2; British Standard Testing Aggregates Part 2: Method of Determination of Density. BSI Standard Publication: London, UK, 1995.EN 12350-2:2009; Testing Fresh Concrete—Part 2: Slump Test. BSI Standard Publication: London, UK, 2009; pp. 5–8.Awoyera, P.O.; Olalusi, O.B.; Babagbale, D.P.; Babalola, O.E. A Review of Lightweight Composite Development Using Paper Waste and Pulverized Ceramics—Towards a Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Construction. Int. J. Eng. Res. Afr. 2021, 56, 77–94. [CrossRef]Mathavan, M.; Sakthieswaran, N.; Babu, O.G. Experimental Investigation on Strength and Properties of Natural Fibre Reinforced Cement Mortar. Mater. Today Proc. 2020, 37, 1066–1070. [CrossRef]Chandrasekaran, R.G.; Ramakrishna, G. Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Economical Local Natural Fibre Reinforced Cement Mortar. Mater. Today Proc. 2021, 46, 7633–7638. [CrossRef]Rama Rao, P.; Ramakrishna, G. Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber Reinforced Cement Mortar. Mater. Today Proc. 2021, 46, 471–477. [CrossRef]Ibrahim, N.M.; Rahim, N.L.; Amat, R.C.; Rahim, M.A.; Woo, C.K.; Zakarya, I.A.; Moncea, A. Workability and Density of Concrete Containing Coconut Fiber BT—Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Green Environmental Engineering and Technology; Mohamed Noor, N., Sam, S.T., Abdul Kadir, A., Eds.; Springer Nature: Singapore, 2022; pp. 347–352.1411315Coconut fibresMineral wool fibresMortarDurabilityStrength propertiesPublicationORIGINALDevelopment of Fibre-Reinforced Cementitious Mortar with.pdfDevelopment of Fibre-Reinforced Cementitious Mortar with.pdfapplication/pdf4783118https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/b43437ba-5000-49f4-b571-99946dddf579/download337b18de7db1738dbc3a42c6e2753ce2MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-815543https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/7f5568e8-7254-4cf1-92e1-43e9a25320d4/download73a5432e0b76442b22b026844140d683MD52TEXTDevelopment of Fibre-Reinforced Cementitious Mortar with.pdf.txtDevelopment of Fibre-Reinforced Cementitious Mortar with.pdf.txtExtracted 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ara ejercer estos derechos sobre la Obra tal y como se indica a continuación:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Reproducir la Obra, incorporar la Obra en una o más Obras Colectivas, y reproducir la Obra incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.</li>
    </ol>
    <p>Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Restricciones.
    <p>La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).</li>
      <li>Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.</li>
      <li>Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.</li>
      <li>
        Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
        <ol type="i">
          <li>Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
          <li>Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li>Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Limitación de responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Término.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Varios.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.</li>
      <li>Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.</li>
      <li>Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
</ol>
 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