Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019

Diabetes has been identified by the UN and WHO as one of the five priority non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in their Action Plan to confront the NCDs challenge.1, 2 Prevention and management of the chronic complications in patients with diabetes involve complex, long-lasting, and costly endeavours.3...

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Autores:
GBD 2019 Diabet Mortality Collabor
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2022
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/13672
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13672
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Diabetes
Diseases
Injuries
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
id RCUC2_b496a0db73fcf3c543f39e53d0baa879
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/13672
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019
title Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019
spellingShingle Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019
Diabetes
Diseases
Injuries
title_short Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019
title_full Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019
title_fullStr Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019
title_full_unstemmed Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019
title_sort Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019
dc.creator.fl_str_mv GBD 2019 Diabet Mortality Collabor
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv GBD 2019 Diabet Mortality Collabor
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Diabetes
Diseases
Injuries
topic Diabetes
Diseases
Injuries
description Diabetes has been identified by the UN and WHO as one of the five priority non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in their Action Plan to confront the NCDs challenge.1, 2 Prevention and management of the chronic complications in patients with diabetes involve complex, long-lasting, and costly endeavours.3 By contrast, deaths due to acute complications (ie, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar coma, and severe hypoglycaemia), early-onset renal failure, and acute infections can be prevented through a minimal core set of actions. These include the provision of affordable insulin,4 access to health care (including glucose monitoring and promptly available services for acute decompensation), and health education (including rapid recognition and detection of type 1 diabetes and ketoacidosis).5 Since contemporary health care in high-income countries6, 7, 8 has proven to be effective in reducing mortality due to these complications it is reasonable to assume that major reductions could be seen globally if better care, including the availability of affordable insulin, were more widely provided. Many low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) have made considerable progress in the provision of a minimal core of actions to prevent mortality due to acute complications of diabetes. For example, Brazil observed a decrease of 74·5% in deaths due to acute complications in people younger than 40 years from 1991 to 2010 following the implementation of the National Health System, which greatly increased access to care for patients with diabetes, including the provision of free insulin.9 Since mortality data are the most available health statistics worldwide, they can be used to track levels and trends in basic care for diabetes. However, deaths due to diabetes (International Classification of Diseases, revision 10 [ICD-10], codes E10–E14) are frequently further classified vaguely as due to multiple (.7) or unspecified (.8) complications, or without complications (.9), making a direct assessment of trends in deaths due to acute complications difficult.10 For example, from 1996 to 2011 in Brazil, 83·6% of deaths, after removing those due to renal disease (.2) and peripheral arterial disease (.5), were coded with uninformative .7 to .9 codes.10 However, because mortality in people younger than 25 years is probably mostly due to acute complications,11 restricting the evaluation to this age range permits a focus on avoidable causes of death.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2022-02-07
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-11-12T13:20:01Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-11-12T13:20:01Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.content.none.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.citation.none.fl_str_mv Ewerton Cousin, Bruce B Duncan, Caroline Stein, Kanyin Liane Ong, Theo Vos, Cristiana Abbafati, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Michael Abdelmasseh, Amir Abdoli, Rami Abd-Rabu, Hassan Abolhassani, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Gina Agarwal, Krishna K Agrawaal, Marcela Agudelo-Botero, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Sajjad Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Yusra Ahmed Salih, Wuraola Akande-Sholabi, Tayyaba Akram, Hanadi Al Hamad, Ziyad Al-Aly, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Saeed Amini, Robert Ancuceanu, Tudorel Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Adnan Ansar, Ippazio Cosimo Antonazzo, Benny Antony, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Jalal Arabloo, Damian Arizmendi, Benedetta Armocida, Anton A Artamonov, Judie Arulappan, Zahra Aryan, Samaneh Asgari, Tahira Ashraf, Thomas Astell-Burt, Prince Atorkey, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atout, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Ashish D Badiye, Atif Amin Baig, Mohan Bairwa, Jennifer L Baker, Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu, Palash Chandra Banik, Anthony Barnett, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barone, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Amadou Barrow, Neeraj Bedi, Rebuma Belete, Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi, Arielle Wilder Bell, Derrick A Bennett, Isabela M Bensenor, David Beran, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Sonu Bhaskar, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja, Ali Bijani, Boris Bikbov, Setognal Birara, Virginia Bodolica, Aime Bonny, Hermann Brenner, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Zahid A Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Luis Alberto Cámera, Ismael R Campos-Nonato, Yin Cao, Chao Cao, Ester Cerin, Promit Ananyo Chakraborty, Joht Singh Chandan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Simiao Chen, Jee-Young Jasmine Choi, Sonali Gajanan Choudhari, Enayet Karim Chowdhury, Dinh-Toi Chu, Barbara Corso, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Albertino Antonio Moura Damasceno, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Jan-Walter De Neve, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Deepak Dhamnetiya, Daniel Diaz, Sanam Ebtehaj, Hisham Atan Edinur, Sahar Eftekharzadeh, Iman El Sayed, Islam Y Elgendy, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohamed A Elmonem, Mohammed Faisaluddin, Umar Farooque, Xiaoqi Feng, Eduarda Fernandes, Florian Fischer, David Flood, Marisa Freitas, Peter Andras Gaal, Mohamed M Gad, Piyada Gaewkhiew, Lemma Getacher, Mansour Ghafourifard, Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Nermin Ghith, Ghozali Ghozali, Paramjit Singh Gill, Ibrahim Abdelmageed Ginawi, Ekaterina Vladimirovna Glushkova, Mahaveer Golechha, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Rajat Das Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Rabih Halwani, Asif Hanif, Graeme J Hankey, Shafiul Haque, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Syed Shahzad Hasan, Abdiwahab Hashi, Soheil Hassanipour, Simon I Hay, Khezar Hayat, Mohammad Heidari, Mohammad Bellal Hossain Hossain, Sahadat Hossain, Mostafa Hosseini, Soodabeh Hoveidamanesh, Junjie Huang, Ayesha Humayun, Rabia Hussain, Bing-Fang Hwang, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Kevin S Ikuta, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Usman Iqbal, Md Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Rakibul M Islam, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Gaetano Isola, Ramaiah Itumalla, Masao Iwagami, Ihoghosa Osamuyi Iyamu, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Ranil Jayawardena, Ravi Prakash Jha, Oommen John, Jost B Jonas, Tamas Joo, Ali Kabir, Rohollah Kalhor, Ashwin Kamath, Tanuj Kanchan, Himal Kandel, Neeti Kapoor, Gbenga A Kayode, Sewnet Adem Kebede, Pedram Keshavarz, Mohammad Keykhaei, Yousef Saleh Khader, Himanshu Khajuria, Moien AB Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Maseer Khan, Amir M Khater, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer Khoja, Jagdish Khubchandani, Min Seo Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Sezer Kisa, Adnan Kisa, Mika Kivimäki, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Oleksii Korzh, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, G Anil Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Dian Kusuma, Carlo La Vecchia, Ben Lacey, Anders O Larsson, Savita Lasrado, Wei-Chen Lee, Chiachi Bonnie Lee, Paul H Lee, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Ming-Chieh Li, Stephen S Lim, Lee-Ling Lim, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Azeem Majeed, Ahmad Azam Malik, Borhan Mansouri, Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani, Santi Martini, Prashant Mathur, Colm McAlinden, Nafiul Mehedi, Teferi Mekonnen, Ritesh G Menezes, Amanual Getnet Mersha, Junmei Miao Jonasson, Tomasz Miazgowski, Irmina Maria Michalek, Andreea Mirica, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Agha Zeeshan Mirza, Prasanna Mithra, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Arif Mohammed, Ali H Mokdad, Mariam Molokhia, Lorenzo Monasta, Mohammad Ali Moni, Farhad Moradpour, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Ulrich Otto Mueller, Christopher J L Murray, Ahmad Mustafa, Gabriele Nagel, Vinay Nangia, Atta Abbas Naqvi, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Javad Nazari, Rawlance Ndejjo, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Christoph Nowak, Bogdan Oancea, Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya, Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade, Temitope T Ojo, Andrew T Olagunju, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Alberto Ortiz, Mayowa O Owolabi, Raffaele Palladino, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal, Shahina Pardhan, Tarang Parekh, Mojtaba Parvizi, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Manju Pilania, Vivek Podder, Roman V Polibin, Maarten J Postma, Akila Prashant, Navid Rabiee, Mohammad Rabiee, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Md. Mosfequr Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Setyaningrum Rahmawaty, Nazanin Rajai, Pradhum Ram, Juwel Rana, Kamal Ranabhat, Priyanga Ranasinghe, Chythra R Rao, Satish Rao, Salman Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Andre M N Renzaho, Nima Rezaei, Aziz Rezapour, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Daniela Ribeiro, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez, Leonardo Roever, Peter Rohloff, Godfrey M Rwegerera, Paul MacDaragh Ryan, Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad, Siamak Sabour, Basema Saddik, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Harihar Sahoo, KM Saif-Ur-Rahman, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Mehrnoosh Samaei, Juan Sanabria, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Brijesh Sathian, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Markus P Schlaich, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Mario Šekerija, Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar, Allen Seylani, Masood Ali Shaikh, Hina Shamshad, Md Shajedur Rahman Shawon, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Jeevan K Shetty, Rahman Shiri, K M Shivakumar, Kerem Shuval, Jasvinder A Singh, Ambrish Singh, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi, Amin Soheili, Jing Sun, Viktória Szerencsés, Miklós Szócska, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Hooman Tadbiri, Eyayou Girma Tadesse, Md. Tariqujjaman, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Rekha Thapar, Nihal Thomas, Binod Timalsina, Ruoyan Tobe-Gai, Marcello Tonelli, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Bach Xuan Tran, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Lorainne Tudor Car, Biruk Shalmeno Tusa, Riaz Uddin, Era Upadhyay, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Pascual R Valdez, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Madhur Verma, Victor E Villalobos-Daniel, Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov, Bay Vo, Giang Thu Vu, Rade Vukovic, Yasir Waheed, Richard G Wamai, Andrea Werdecker, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Befikadu Legesse Wubishet, Xiaoyue Xu, Suowen Xu, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Sanni Yaya, Taklo Simeneh Yazie Yazie, Siyan Yi, Naohiro Yonemoto, Ismaeel Yunusa, Siddhesh Zadey, Sojib Bin Zaman, Maryam Zamanian, Nelson Zamora, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Chenwen Zhong, Mohammad Zmaili, Alimuddin Zumla, Mohsen Naghavi, Maria Inês Schmidt, Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Volume 10, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 177-192, ISSN 2213-8587, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00349-1.
dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv 2213-8587
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13672
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00349-1
dc.identifier.eissn.none.fl_str_mv 2213-8595
dc.identifier.instname.none.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.none.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Ewerton Cousin, Bruce B Duncan, Caroline Stein, Kanyin Liane Ong, Theo Vos, Cristiana Abbafati, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Michael Abdelmasseh, Amir Abdoli, Rami Abd-Rabu, Hassan Abolhassani, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Gina Agarwal, Krishna K Agrawaal, Marcela Agudelo-Botero, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Sajjad Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Yusra Ahmed Salih, Wuraola Akande-Sholabi, Tayyaba Akram, Hanadi Al Hamad, Ziyad Al-Aly, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Saeed Amini, Robert Ancuceanu, Tudorel Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Adnan Ansar, Ippazio Cosimo Antonazzo, Benny Antony, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Jalal Arabloo, Damian Arizmendi, Benedetta Armocida, Anton A Artamonov, Judie Arulappan, Zahra Aryan, Samaneh Asgari, Tahira Ashraf, Thomas Astell-Burt, Prince Atorkey, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atout, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Ashish D Badiye, Atif Amin Baig, Mohan Bairwa, Jennifer L Baker, Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu, Palash Chandra Banik, Anthony Barnett, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barone, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Amadou Barrow, Neeraj Bedi, Rebuma Belete, Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi, Arielle Wilder Bell, Derrick A Bennett, Isabela M Bensenor, David Beran, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Sonu Bhaskar, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja, Ali Bijani, Boris Bikbov, Setognal Birara, Virginia Bodolica, Aime Bonny, Hermann Brenner, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Zahid A Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Luis Alberto Cámera, Ismael R Campos-Nonato, Yin Cao, Chao Cao, Ester Cerin, Promit Ananyo Chakraborty, Joht Singh Chandan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Simiao Chen, Jee-Young Jasmine Choi, Sonali Gajanan Choudhari, Enayet Karim Chowdhury, Dinh-Toi Chu, Barbara Corso, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Albertino Antonio Moura Damasceno, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Jan-Walter De Neve, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Deepak Dhamnetiya, Daniel Diaz, Sanam Ebtehaj, Hisham Atan Edinur, Sahar Eftekharzadeh, Iman El Sayed, Islam Y Elgendy, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohamed A Elmonem, Mohammed Faisaluddin, Umar Farooque, Xiaoqi Feng, Eduarda Fernandes, Florian Fischer, David Flood, Marisa Freitas, Peter Andras Gaal, Mohamed M Gad, Piyada Gaewkhiew, Lemma Getacher, Mansour Ghafourifard, Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Nermin Ghith, Ghozali Ghozali, Paramjit Singh Gill, Ibrahim Abdelmageed Ginawi, Ekaterina Vladimirovna Glushkova, Mahaveer Golechha, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Rajat Das Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Rabih Halwani, Asif Hanif, Graeme J Hankey, Shafiul Haque, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Syed Shahzad Hasan, Abdiwahab Hashi, Soheil Hassanipour, Simon I Hay, Khezar Hayat, Mohammad Heidari, Mohammad Bellal Hossain Hossain, Sahadat Hossain, Mostafa Hosseini, Soodabeh Hoveidamanesh, Junjie Huang, Ayesha Humayun, Rabia Hussain, Bing-Fang Hwang, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Kevin S Ikuta, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Usman Iqbal, Md Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Rakibul M Islam, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Gaetano Isola, Ramaiah Itumalla, Masao Iwagami, Ihoghosa Osamuyi Iyamu, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Ranil Jayawardena, Ravi Prakash Jha, Oommen John, Jost B Jonas, Tamas Joo, Ali Kabir, Rohollah Kalhor, Ashwin Kamath, Tanuj Kanchan, Himal Kandel, Neeti Kapoor, Gbenga A Kayode, Sewnet Adem Kebede, Pedram Keshavarz, Mohammad Keykhaei, Yousef Saleh Khader, Himanshu Khajuria, Moien AB Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Maseer Khan, Amir M Khater, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer Khoja, Jagdish Khubchandani, Min Seo Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Sezer Kisa, Adnan Kisa, Mika Kivimäki, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Oleksii Korzh, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, G Anil Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Dian Kusuma, Carlo La Vecchia, Ben Lacey, Anders O Larsson, Savita Lasrado, Wei-Chen Lee, Chiachi Bonnie Lee, Paul H Lee, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Ming-Chieh Li, Stephen S Lim, Lee-Ling Lim, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Azeem Majeed, Ahmad Azam Malik, Borhan Mansouri, Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani, Santi Martini, Prashant Mathur, Colm McAlinden, Nafiul Mehedi, Teferi Mekonnen, Ritesh G Menezes, Amanual Getnet Mersha, Junmei Miao Jonasson, Tomasz Miazgowski, Irmina Maria Michalek, Andreea Mirica, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Agha Zeeshan Mirza, Prasanna Mithra, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Arif Mohammed, Ali H Mokdad, Mariam Molokhia, Lorenzo Monasta, Mohammad Ali Moni, Farhad Moradpour, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Ulrich Otto Mueller, Christopher J L Murray, Ahmad Mustafa, Gabriele Nagel, Vinay Nangia, Atta Abbas Naqvi, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Javad Nazari, Rawlance Ndejjo, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Christoph Nowak, Bogdan Oancea, Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya, Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade, Temitope T Ojo, Andrew T Olagunju, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Alberto Ortiz, Mayowa O Owolabi, Raffaele Palladino, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal, Shahina Pardhan, Tarang Parekh, Mojtaba Parvizi, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Manju Pilania, Vivek Podder, Roman V Polibin, Maarten J Postma, Akila Prashant, Navid Rabiee, Mohammad Rabiee, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Md. Mosfequr Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Setyaningrum Rahmawaty, Nazanin Rajai, Pradhum Ram, Juwel Rana, Kamal Ranabhat, Priyanga Ranasinghe, Chythra R Rao, Satish Rao, Salman Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Andre M N Renzaho, Nima Rezaei, Aziz Rezapour, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Daniela Ribeiro, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez, Leonardo Roever, Peter Rohloff, Godfrey M Rwegerera, Paul MacDaragh Ryan, Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad, Siamak Sabour, Basema Saddik, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Harihar Sahoo, KM Saif-Ur-Rahman, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Mehrnoosh Samaei, Juan Sanabria, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Brijesh Sathian, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Markus P Schlaich, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Mario Šekerija, Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar, Allen Seylani, Masood Ali Shaikh, Hina Shamshad, Md Shajedur Rahman Shawon, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Jeevan K Shetty, Rahman Shiri, K M Shivakumar, Kerem Shuval, Jasvinder A Singh, Ambrish Singh, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi, Amin Soheili, Jing Sun, Viktória Szerencsés, Miklós Szócska, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Hooman Tadbiri, Eyayou Girma Tadesse, Md. Tariqujjaman, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Rekha Thapar, Nihal Thomas, Binod Timalsina, Ruoyan Tobe-Gai, Marcello Tonelli, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Bach Xuan Tran, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Lorainne Tudor Car, Biruk Shalmeno Tusa, Riaz Uddin, Era Upadhyay, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Pascual R Valdez, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Madhur Verma, Victor E Villalobos-Daniel, Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov, Bay Vo, Giang Thu Vu, Rade Vukovic, Yasir Waheed, Richard G Wamai, Andrea Werdecker, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Befikadu Legesse Wubishet, Xiaoyue Xu, Suowen Xu, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Sanni Yaya, Taklo Simeneh Yazie Yazie, Siyan Yi, Naohiro Yonemoto, Ismaeel Yunusa, Siddhesh Zadey, Sojib Bin Zaman, Maryam Zamanian, Nelson Zamora, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Chenwen Zhong, Mohammad Zmaili, Alimuddin Zumla, Mohsen Naghavi, Maria Inês Schmidt, Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Volume 10, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 177-192, ISSN 2213-8587, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00349-1.
2213-8587
10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00349-1
2213-8595
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13672
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
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Gregg EW, Li Y, Wang J, et al. Changes in diabetes-related complications in the United States, 1990–2010. N Engl J Med 2014; 370: 1514–23.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diabetes death rates among youths aged ≤ 19 years—United States, 1968–2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2012; 61: 869–72.
Patterson CC, Dahlquist G, Harjutsalo V, et al. Early mortality in EURODIAB population-based cohorts of type 1 diabetes diagnosed in childhood since 1989. Diabetologia 2007; 50: 2439–42.
Klafke A, Duncan BB, Stevens A, et al. The decline in mortality due to acute complications of diabetes mellitus in Brazil, 1991-2010. BMC Public Health 2015; 15: 772.
Schmidt MI, Duncan BB, Ishitani L, et al. Trends in mortality due to diabetes in Brazil, 1996–2011. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7: 109.
Laing SP, Swerdlow AJ, Slater SD, et al. The British Diabetic Association Cohort Study, II: cause-specific mortality in patients with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 1999; 16: 466–71.
Vos T, Lim SS, Abbafati C, et al. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2020; 396: 1204–22.
Wang H, Abbas KM, Abbasifard M, et al. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2020; 396: 1160–203.
Lozano R, Fullman N, Mumford JE, et al. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2020; 396: 1250–84.
Secrest AM, Becker DJ, Kelsey SF, Laporte RE, Orchard TJ. Cause-specific mortality trends in a large population-based cohort with long-standing childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2010; 59: 3216–22.
Podar T, Solntsev A, Reunanen A, et al. Mortality in patients with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes in Finland, Estonia, and Lithuania: follow-up of nationwide cohorts. Diabetes Care 2000; 23: 290–94.
Morgan E, Black CR, Abid N, Cardwell CR, McCance DR, Patterson CC. Mortality in type 1 diabetes diagnosed in childhood in Northern Ireland during 1989–2012: a population-based cohort study. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19: 166–70.
Harjutsalo V, Forsblom C, Groop P-H. Time trends in mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes: nationwide population based cohort study. BMJ 2011; 343: d5364.
Viner R, White B, Christie D. Type 2 diabetes in adolescents: a severe phenotype posing major clinical challenges and public health burden. Lancet 2017; 389: 2252–60.
American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019 abridged for primary care providers. Clin Diabetes 2019; 37: 11–34.
Beran D, Ewen M, Laing R. Constraints and challenges in access to insulin: a global perspective. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016; 4: 275–85.
Roser M, Ritchie H. Burden of disease. 2021. https:// ourworldindata.org/burden-of-disease#disease-burden-and-healthexpenditure (accessed July 5, 2021).
Beran D, Ewen M, Lepeska M, Laing R. Access to insulin: current challenges and constraints. Amsterdam: Health Action International, 2017
Beran D, Colagiuri S, Ernoult N, et al. Failing to address access to insulin in its centenary year would be a catastrophic moral failure. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9: 194–96.
Atun R, Davies JI, Gale EAM, et al. Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa: from clinical care to health policy. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017; 5: 622–67
Kruk ME, Gage AD, Arsenault C, et al. High-quality health systems in the Sustainable Development Goals era: time for a revolution. Lancet Glob Health 2018; 6: e1196–252.
Chan JCN, Lim L-L, Wareham NJ, et al. The Lancet Commission on diabetes: using data to transform diabetes care and patient lives. Lancet 2021; 396: 2019–82.
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spelling Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)© 2022 The Author(s).https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2GBD 2019 Diabet Mortality Collabor2024-11-12T13:20:01Z2024-11-12T13:20:01Z2022-02-07Ewerton Cousin, Bruce B Duncan, Caroline Stein, Kanyin Liane Ong, Theo Vos, Cristiana Abbafati, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Michael Abdelmasseh, Amir Abdoli, Rami Abd-Rabu, Hassan Abolhassani, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Gina Agarwal, Krishna K Agrawaal, Marcela Agudelo-Botero, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Sajjad Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Yusra Ahmed Salih, Wuraola Akande-Sholabi, Tayyaba Akram, Hanadi Al Hamad, Ziyad Al-Aly, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Saeed Amini, Robert Ancuceanu, Tudorel Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Adnan Ansar, Ippazio Cosimo Antonazzo, Benny Antony, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Jalal Arabloo, Damian Arizmendi, Benedetta Armocida, Anton A Artamonov, Judie Arulappan, Zahra Aryan, Samaneh Asgari, Tahira Ashraf, Thomas Astell-Burt, Prince Atorkey, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atout, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Ashish D Badiye, Atif Amin Baig, Mohan Bairwa, Jennifer L Baker, Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu, Palash Chandra Banik, Anthony Barnett, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barone, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Amadou Barrow, Neeraj Bedi, Rebuma Belete, Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi, Arielle Wilder Bell, Derrick A Bennett, Isabela M Bensenor, David Beran, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Sonu Bhaskar, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja, Ali Bijani, Boris Bikbov, Setognal Birara, Virginia Bodolica, Aime Bonny, Hermann Brenner, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Zahid A Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Luis Alberto Cámera, Ismael R Campos-Nonato, Yin Cao, Chao Cao, Ester Cerin, Promit Ananyo Chakraborty, Joht Singh Chandan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Simiao Chen, Jee-Young Jasmine Choi, Sonali Gajanan Choudhari, Enayet Karim Chowdhury, Dinh-Toi Chu, Barbara Corso, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Albertino Antonio Moura Damasceno, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Jan-Walter De Neve, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Deepak Dhamnetiya, Daniel Diaz, Sanam Ebtehaj, Hisham Atan Edinur, Sahar Eftekharzadeh, Iman El Sayed, Islam Y Elgendy, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohamed A Elmonem, Mohammed Faisaluddin, Umar Farooque, Xiaoqi Feng, Eduarda Fernandes, Florian Fischer, David Flood, Marisa Freitas, Peter Andras Gaal, Mohamed M Gad, Piyada Gaewkhiew, Lemma Getacher, Mansour Ghafourifard, Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Nermin Ghith, Ghozali Ghozali, Paramjit Singh Gill, Ibrahim Abdelmageed Ginawi, Ekaterina Vladimirovna Glushkova, Mahaveer Golechha, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Rajat Das Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Rabih Halwani, Asif Hanif, Graeme J Hankey, Shafiul Haque, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Syed Shahzad Hasan, Abdiwahab Hashi, Soheil Hassanipour, Simon I Hay, Khezar Hayat, Mohammad Heidari, Mohammad Bellal Hossain Hossain, Sahadat Hossain, Mostafa Hosseini, Soodabeh Hoveidamanesh, Junjie Huang, Ayesha Humayun, Rabia Hussain, Bing-Fang Hwang, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Kevin S Ikuta, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Usman Iqbal, Md Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Rakibul M Islam, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Gaetano Isola, Ramaiah Itumalla, Masao Iwagami, Ihoghosa Osamuyi Iyamu, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Ranil Jayawardena, Ravi Prakash Jha, Oommen John, Jost B Jonas, Tamas Joo, Ali Kabir, Rohollah Kalhor, Ashwin Kamath, Tanuj Kanchan, Himal Kandel, Neeti Kapoor, Gbenga A Kayode, Sewnet Adem Kebede, Pedram Keshavarz, Mohammad Keykhaei, Yousef Saleh Khader, Himanshu Khajuria, Moien AB Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Maseer Khan, Amir M Khater, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer Khoja, Jagdish Khubchandani, Min Seo Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Sezer Kisa, Adnan Kisa, Mika Kivimäki, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Oleksii Korzh, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, G Anil Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Dian Kusuma, Carlo La Vecchia, Ben Lacey, Anders O Larsson, Savita Lasrado, Wei-Chen Lee, Chiachi Bonnie Lee, Paul H Lee, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Ming-Chieh Li, Stephen S Lim, Lee-Ling Lim, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Azeem Majeed, Ahmad Azam Malik, Borhan Mansouri, Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani, Santi Martini, Prashant Mathur, Colm McAlinden, Nafiul Mehedi, Teferi Mekonnen, Ritesh G Menezes, Amanual Getnet Mersha, Junmei Miao Jonasson, Tomasz Miazgowski, Irmina Maria Michalek, Andreea Mirica, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Agha Zeeshan Mirza, Prasanna Mithra, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Arif Mohammed, Ali H Mokdad, Mariam Molokhia, Lorenzo Monasta, Mohammad Ali Moni, Farhad Moradpour, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Ulrich Otto Mueller, Christopher J L Murray, Ahmad Mustafa, Gabriele Nagel, Vinay Nangia, Atta Abbas Naqvi, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Javad Nazari, Rawlance Ndejjo, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Christoph Nowak, Bogdan Oancea, Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya, Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade, Temitope T Ojo, Andrew T Olagunju, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Alberto Ortiz, Mayowa O Owolabi, Raffaele Palladino, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal, Shahina Pardhan, Tarang Parekh, Mojtaba Parvizi, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Manju Pilania, Vivek Podder, Roman V Polibin, Maarten J Postma, Akila Prashant, Navid Rabiee, Mohammad Rabiee, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Md. Mosfequr Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Setyaningrum Rahmawaty, Nazanin Rajai, Pradhum Ram, Juwel Rana, Kamal Ranabhat, Priyanga Ranasinghe, Chythra R Rao, Satish Rao, Salman Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Andre M N Renzaho, Nima Rezaei, Aziz Rezapour, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Daniela Ribeiro, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez, Leonardo Roever, Peter Rohloff, Godfrey M Rwegerera, Paul MacDaragh Ryan, Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad, Siamak Sabour, Basema Saddik, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Harihar Sahoo, KM Saif-Ur-Rahman, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Mehrnoosh Samaei, Juan Sanabria, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Brijesh Sathian, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Markus P Schlaich, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Mario Šekerija, Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar, Allen Seylani, Masood Ali Shaikh, Hina Shamshad, Md Shajedur Rahman Shawon, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Jeevan K Shetty, Rahman Shiri, K M Shivakumar, Kerem Shuval, Jasvinder A Singh, Ambrish Singh, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi, Amin Soheili, Jing Sun, Viktória Szerencsés, Miklós Szócska, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Hooman Tadbiri, Eyayou Girma Tadesse, Md. Tariqujjaman, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Rekha Thapar, Nihal Thomas, Binod Timalsina, Ruoyan Tobe-Gai, Marcello Tonelli, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Bach Xuan Tran, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Lorainne Tudor Car, Biruk Shalmeno Tusa, Riaz Uddin, Era Upadhyay, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Pascual R Valdez, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Madhur Verma, Victor E Villalobos-Daniel, Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov, Bay Vo, Giang Thu Vu, Rade Vukovic, Yasir Waheed, Richard G Wamai, Andrea Werdecker, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Befikadu Legesse Wubishet, Xiaoyue Xu, Suowen Xu, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Sanni Yaya, Taklo Simeneh Yazie Yazie, Siyan Yi, Naohiro Yonemoto, Ismaeel Yunusa, Siddhesh Zadey, Sojib Bin Zaman, Maryam Zamanian, Nelson Zamora, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Chenwen Zhong, Mohammad Zmaili, Alimuddin Zumla, Mohsen Naghavi, Maria Inês Schmidt, Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Volume 10, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 177-192, ISSN 2213-8587, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00349-1.2213-8587https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1367210.1016/S2213-8587(21)00349-12213-8595Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Diabetes has been identified by the UN and WHO as one of the five priority non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in their Action Plan to confront the NCDs challenge.1, 2 Prevention and management of the chronic complications in patients with diabetes involve complex, long-lasting, and costly endeavours.3 By contrast, deaths due to acute complications (ie, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar coma, and severe hypoglycaemia), early-onset renal failure, and acute infections can be prevented through a minimal core set of actions. These include the provision of affordable insulin,4 access to health care (including glucose monitoring and promptly available services for acute decompensation), and health education (including rapid recognition and detection of type 1 diabetes and ketoacidosis).5 Since contemporary health care in high-income countries6, 7, 8 has proven to be effective in reducing mortality due to these complications it is reasonable to assume that major reductions could be seen globally if better care, including the availability of affordable insulin, were more widely provided. Many low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) have made considerable progress in the provision of a minimal core of actions to prevent mortality due to acute complications of diabetes. For example, Brazil observed a decrease of 74·5% in deaths due to acute complications in people younger than 40 years from 1991 to 2010 following the implementation of the National Health System, which greatly increased access to care for patients with diabetes, including the provision of free insulin.9 Since mortality data are the most available health statistics worldwide, they can be used to track levels and trends in basic care for diabetes. However, deaths due to diabetes (International Classification of Diseases, revision 10 [ICD-10], codes E10–E14) are frequently further classified vaguely as due to multiple (.7) or unspecified (.8) complications, or without complications (.9), making a direct assessment of trends in deaths due to acute complications difficult.10 For example, from 1996 to 2011 in Brazil, 83·6% of deaths, after removing those due to renal disease (.2) and peripheral arterial disease (.5), were coded with uninformative .7 to .9 codes.10 However, because mortality in people younger than 25 years is probably mostly due to acute complications,11 restricting the evaluation to this age range permits a focus on avoidable causes of death.16 páginasapplication/pdfengElsevier LtdUnited Kingdomhttps://www-sciencedirect-com.ezproxy.cuc.edu.co/science/article/pii/S2213858721003491?via%3DihubDiabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019Artículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Lancet Diabetes and EndocrinologyWHO. Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases: 2013-2020. 2013. http://apps.who.int/ iris/bitstream/10665/94384/1/9789241506236_eng.pdf (accessed July 26, 2019).UN. Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. 2015. https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda (accessed Oct 15, 2021).Moucheraud C, Lenz C, Latkovic M, Wirtz VJ. The costs of diabetes treatment in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. BMJ Glob Health 2019; 4: e001258.Beran D, Lazo-Porras M, Mba CM, Mbanya JC. A global perspective on the issue of access to insulin. Diabetologia 2021; 64: 954–62.Vanelli M, Chiari G, Ghizzoni L, Costi G, Giacalone T, Chiarelli F. Effectiveness of a prevention program for diabetic ketoacidosis in children. An 8-year study in schools and private practices. Diabetes Care 1999; 22: 7–9.Gregg EW, Li Y, Wang J, et al. Changes in diabetes-related complications in the United States, 1990–2010. N Engl J Med 2014; 370: 1514–23.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diabetes death rates among youths aged ≤ 19 years—United States, 1968–2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2012; 61: 869–72.Patterson CC, Dahlquist G, Harjutsalo V, et al. Early mortality in EURODIAB population-based cohorts of type 1 diabetes diagnosed in childhood since 1989. Diabetologia 2007; 50: 2439–42.Klafke A, Duncan BB, Stevens A, et al. The decline in mortality due to acute complications of diabetes mellitus in Brazil, 1991-2010. BMC Public Health 2015; 15: 772.Schmidt MI, Duncan BB, Ishitani L, et al. Trends in mortality due to diabetes in Brazil, 1996–2011. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7: 109.Laing SP, Swerdlow AJ, Slater SD, et al. The British Diabetic Association Cohort Study, II: cause-specific mortality in patients with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 1999; 16: 466–71.Vos T, Lim SS, Abbafati C, et al. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2020; 396: 1204–22.Wang H, Abbas KM, Abbasifard M, et al. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2020; 396: 1160–203.Lozano R, Fullman N, Mumford JE, et al. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2020; 396: 1250–84.Secrest AM, Becker DJ, Kelsey SF, Laporte RE, Orchard TJ. Cause-specific mortality trends in a large population-based cohort with long-standing childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2010; 59: 3216–22.Podar T, Solntsev A, Reunanen A, et al. Mortality in patients with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes in Finland, Estonia, and Lithuania: follow-up of nationwide cohorts. Diabetes Care 2000; 23: 290–94.Morgan E, Black CR, Abid N, Cardwell CR, McCance DR, Patterson CC. Mortality in type 1 diabetes diagnosed in childhood in Northern Ireland during 1989–2012: a population-based cohort study. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19: 166–70.Harjutsalo V, Forsblom C, Groop P-H. Time trends in mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes: nationwide population based cohort study. BMJ 2011; 343: d5364.Viner R, White B, Christie D. Type 2 diabetes in adolescents: a severe phenotype posing major clinical challenges and public health burden. Lancet 2017; 389: 2252–60.American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019 abridged for primary care providers. Clin Diabetes 2019; 37: 11–34.Beran D, Ewen M, Laing R. Constraints and challenges in access to insulin: a global perspective. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016; 4: 275–85.Roser M, Ritchie H. Burden of disease. 2021. https:// ourworldindata.org/burden-of-disease#disease-burden-and-healthexpenditure (accessed July 5, 2021).Beran D, Ewen M, Lepeska M, Laing R. Access to insulin: current challenges and constraints. Amsterdam: Health Action International, 2017Beran D, Colagiuri S, Ernoult N, et al. Failing to address access to insulin in its centenary year would be a catastrophic moral failure. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9: 194–96.Atun R, Davies JI, Gale EAM, et al. Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa: from clinical care to health policy. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017; 5: 622–67Kruk ME, Gage AD, Arsenault C, et al. High-quality health systems in the Sustainable Development Goals era: time for a revolution. Lancet Glob Health 2018; 6: e1196–252.Chan JCN, Lim L-L, Wareham NJ, et al. The Lancet Commission on diabetes: using data to transform diabetes care and patient lives. Lancet 2021; 396: 2019–82.192177310DiabetesDiseasesInjuriesPublicationORIGINALDiabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age.pdfDiabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age.pdfapplication/pdf2365128https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/59d3f2ad-2a19-44f0-afe4-e21f5accaaad/download5ec4a8797df7d0cb0ac72b88df09c802MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-815543https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/fbe51ab9-b00d-4f0c-87cd-585c0326e058/download73a5432e0b76442b22b026844140d683MD52TEXTDiabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age.pdf.txtDiabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain100839https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/bd6cd068-9493-4b45-837b-db212fd64033/download0c0459b8cb86222a0bcef04f6226d33dMD53THUMBNAILDiabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age.pdf.jpgDiabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age.pdf.jpgGenerated 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ara ejercer estos derechos sobre la Obra tal y como se indica a continuación:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Reproducir la Obra, incorporar la Obra en una o más Obras Colectivas, y reproducir la Obra incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.</li>
    </ol>
    <p>Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Restricciones.
    <p>La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).</li>
      <li>Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.</li>
      <li>Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.</li>
      <li>
        Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
        <ol type="i">
          <li>Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
          <li>Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li>Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Limitación de responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Término.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Varios.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.</li>
      <li>Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.</li>
      <li>Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
</ol>
