The temperature gradient of cereals as an optimization parameter of the milling process in hammermills
The wear degree of knives in hammermills strongly influences electricity consumption, productivity, and total operating costs. Currently, the timely replacement of the knives set is decided based on visual inspections, a feedstock load or a lifespan defined, the electric demand of the mill as compar...
- Autores:
-
Cabello Eras, Juan José
Sagastume Gutiérrez, Alexis
Cabello Ulloa, Mario Javier
- Tipo de recurso:
- http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_816b
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/8299
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8299
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126685
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Hammermill
Knives wearing
Cereals milling
Energy efficiency
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- CC0 1.0 Universal
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The temperature gradient of cereals as an optimization parameter of the milling process in hammermills |
| title |
The temperature gradient of cereals as an optimization parameter of the milling process in hammermills |
| spellingShingle |
The temperature gradient of cereals as an optimization parameter of the milling process in hammermills Hammermill Knives wearing Cereals milling Energy efficiency |
| title_short |
The temperature gradient of cereals as an optimization parameter of the milling process in hammermills |
| title_full |
The temperature gradient of cereals as an optimization parameter of the milling process in hammermills |
| title_fullStr |
The temperature gradient of cereals as an optimization parameter of the milling process in hammermills |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The temperature gradient of cereals as an optimization parameter of the milling process in hammermills |
| title_sort |
The temperature gradient of cereals as an optimization parameter of the milling process in hammermills |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Cabello Eras, Juan José Sagastume Gutiérrez, Alexis Cabello Ulloa, Mario Javier |
| dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Cabello Eras, Juan José Sagastume Gutiérrez, Alexis Cabello Ulloa, Mario Javier |
| dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Hammermill Knives wearing Cereals milling Energy efficiency |
| topic |
Hammermill Knives wearing Cereals milling Energy efficiency |
| description |
The wear degree of knives in hammermills strongly influences electricity consumption, productivity, and total operating costs. Currently, the timely replacement of the knives set is decided based on visual inspections, a feedstock load or a lifespan defined, the electric demand of the mill as compared to the limit of the motor driving it, or the vibrations of the hammermill. These approaches present different shortcomings. This study proposes the temperature gradient of the feedstock during the milling process as an indicator to monitor the wear degree of knives. The temperature gradient was implemented in a hammermill milling maize to compare two operating modes. In the conventional operating mode, the knives set mills with one edge during its lifespan, replacing the set once the electricity demand approaches the limit capacity of the electric motor driving the mill, or until the vibrations increase over safety limits. Moreover, in the proposed operating mode the temperature gradient is used to define the timely replacement/rotation of the knives edge. In this case, the four edges of the knives are used. The electricity consumption, productivity, and temperature gradient of the process were measured during the milling of ten maize loads of 2500 tons each. These data were used to characterize the performance of the hammermill, and the influence of the temperature gradient on its operational performance. As a result, a temperature gradient of 6.5 °C was defined as the optimal value to change the rotational direction or replacing the knives set in the hammermill assessed. As compared to the traditional operation approach, the use of the temperature gradient resulted in a reduction of the electricity consumption of 32%, and the greenhouse gas emissions by 37%, while reducing the total costs by 33%, and increasing productivity by 20%. Therefore, this approach stands as a significant opportunity to upgrade the operation of hammermills. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-05-31T16:02:03Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-05-31T16:02:03Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-05-15 |
| dc.date.embargoEnd.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-05-15 |
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Pre-Publicación |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_816b |
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Text |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint |
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http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTOTR |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_816b |
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acceptedVersion |
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0959-6526 1879-1786 |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8299 |
| dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126685 |
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Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
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REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
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https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
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0959-6526 1879-1786 Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8299 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126685 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
| dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
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Adetifa and Okewole, 2015 B.O. Adetifa, O.T. Okewole Characterisation of small scale feed mills in a developing country Int. Agric. Eng. J., 17 (2015), pp. 208-216 Adom et al., 2015 F. Adom, C. Workman, G. Thoma, D. Shonnard Carbon footprint analysis of dairy feed from a mill in Michigan, USA Int. Dairy J., 31 (2015), pp. 21-28 Amazon, 2020 Amazon PT100 temperature sensor [WWW Document] https://www.amazon.com/-/es/Sensor-temperatura-PT100-resistente-agua/dp/B07DP3LYPX/ref=sr_1_3?dchild=1&keywords=pt100+temperature+sensor&qid=1613165880&sr=8-3 (2020) Anders, 2006 L. Anders Austempered High Silicon Steel Lulea University of Technology (2006) Anderson, 2010 S. Anderson Optimizing hammermill efficiency Feed Mill Managers Seminar, US Poultry & Egg Association, Nashville (2010), p. 12 Armatmontree et al., 2019 A. Armatmontree, W. San-Um, C. Keatmanee Design and Analysis of a Hammer Mill Machine in High-Efficacy Recycle Process, in: Proceedings of the Conference on the Industrial and Commercial Use of Energy ICUE. IEEE, Phuket, Thailand (2019), pp. 1-6, 10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635728 Austin, 2004 L.G. Austin A preliminary simulation model for fine grinding in high speed hammer mills Powder Technol., 144 (2004), pp. 240-252, 10.1016/j.powtec.2004.04.017 Baker, 1960 R.J. Baker Factors that Affect the Granulation and Capacity Kansas State University of Agriculture and Applied Science (1960) Behnamfard et al., 2020 A. Behnamfard, D. Namaei Roudi, F. Veglio The performance improvement of a full-scale autogenous mill by setting the feed ore properties J. Clean. Prod., 271 (2020), 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122554 122554 Bitra et al., 2009 V. Bitra, A. Womac, C. Igathinathane, P. Miu, Y. Ynag Direct measures of mechanical energy for knife mill size reduction of switchgrass, wheat straw, and corn stover Bioresour. Technol., 100 (2009), pp. 6578-6585 Bitra et al., 2010 V.S.P. Bitra, A.R. Womac, C. Igathinathane, S. Sokhansanj Knife mill comminution energy analysis of switchgrass, wheat straw, corn stover and characterization particle size distributions Am. Soc. Agric. Biol. Eng., 53 (2010), pp. 1639-1651 Buffalo, 2016 Schutte Buffalo Routine maintenance for size reduction equipment [WWW Document]. Schutte hammer mills. URL https://www.hammermills.com/replacing-hammer-mill-wear-parts/ (2016) CIDB, 2018 Cidb Annual Report 2017-2018. Airpt Carbon Accredit, 91 (2018), pp. 399-404 CREG, 2020 Creg Tarifario Enero 2020 (2020) Dabbour et al., 2014 M. Dabbour, A. Bahnasawy, S. Ali, Z. El- Haddad Energy Consumption in Manufacturing of Different Types of Feeds, in: 2nd International Conference on Biotechnology Applications in Agriculture (ICBAA) Benha University, Moshtohor and Hurghada, El Cairo (2014), pp. 15-24, 10.13140/RG.2.1.3056.0805 Dandotiya, 2011 R. Dandotiya Decision support models for the maintenance and design of mill liners Prz. Elektrotechniczny. Universitetstryckeriet. (2011) Dávila et al., 2020 P. Dávila, J.D. Sánchez, H. Herrera, J.D. Turriago, J.C. Gaviria Cálculo del factor de emisiones de la red de energía eléctrica en Colombia Bogotá (2020) Diop et al., 2020 M. Diop, O. Ba, B. Niang, I. Ngom, L. Thiaw A Methodology for Modeling Cereal Milling System, in: 2nd International Conference on Electrical, Communication and Computer Engineering, ICECCE 2020 IEEE, Istanbul, Turkey (2020), pp. 12-13, 10.1109/ICECCE49384.2020.9179182 El-Shal et al., 2010 M.S. El-Shal, M.A. Tawfik, A.M. El-Shal, K.A. Metwally Study the effect of some operational factors on hammer mill Misr J. Agric. Eng., 27 (2010), pp. 54-74 FAMSUN, 2013 Famsun FAMSUN SWFP66D series fine-grinding hammer mill concise operation manual [WWW Document] FAMSUN Integr. Solut. Provid. (2013) Fenchea, 2013 M. Fenchea Design of hammer mills for optimum performance J. Vib. Control, 19 (2013), pp. 2100-20108, 10.1177/1077546312455210 Ghafori et al., 2020 H. Ghafori, S.A. Khodarahmi, M. Razazi Grain mill knife wear optimization Met. Sci. Heat Treat., 62 (2020), pp. 336-340, 10.1007/s11041-020-00563-8 Guyomard et al., 2013 H. Guyomard, S. Manceron, J.-L. Peyraud Trade in feed grains, animals, and animal products: current trends, future prospects, and main issues Anim. Front., 3 (2013), pp. 14-18, 10.2527/af.2013-0003 Heimann, 2000 M. Heimann Hammermill Maintenance Roskamp Champion (2000) Heimann, 2014 M. Heimann Hammermill Maintenance for Top Grinding Performance at a Lower Operating Cost CSC Publishing (2014) Indian Feed Industry, 2015 Indian Feed Industry Revitalizing Nutritional Security Gurgaon, India (2015) Ismail et al., 2017 N.K. Ismail, O.A. Fouda, M.C. Ahmad, M.M. Mosa, M. Ahmad, M.M. Mosa Influence of knives wear phenomena on hammer mill productivity and product quality J. Soil Sci. Agric. Eng., Mansoura Univ., 8 (2017), pp. 347-353, 10.21608/jssae.2017.37530 Jardine and Tsang, 2013 A.K. Jardine, A.H. Tsang Maintenance, Replacement, and Reliability: Theory and Applications (2da ed.), CRC press, New York (2013) Jianqiang and Keow, 1997 M. Jianqiang, L.M. Keow Economical optimization of tool replacement intervals Integr. Manuf. Syst., 8 (1997), pp. 59-62, 10.1108/09576069710158817 Koch, 2008 K.B. Koch Feed Mill Efficiency, in: 16th Annual ASA-IM SEA Feed Technology and Nutrition Workshop (2008), pp. 1-13 Singapore Kudzanai, 2008 T. Kudzanai Evaluation of Milling Performance of a 1½ Bell Grinding Bill Manufactured at Helides Engineering University of Zimbabwe (2008) Lamban, 1995 J.L. Lamban Molienda en fábricas de piensos. Equipos empleados y aspectos técnicos MUNDO Ganad (1995), pp. 63-69 Machado, 2012 A. Machado Evaluación de producción más limpia en la empresa piensos Cienfuegos Universidad de Cienfuegos (2012) McEllhiney, 1994 R. McEllhiney Feed Manufacturing Technology IV, First (1994) (Arlington, VA., USA) Naimi and Sokhansanj, 2018 L.J. Naimi, S. Sokhansanj Data-based equation to predict power and energy input for grinding wheat Fuel Process. Technol., 173 (2018), pp. 81-88 Nugroho et al., 2015 S.J. Nugroho, N. Iskandar, M. Jurusan, T. Mesin, F. Teknik, U. Diponegoro, D. Jurusan, T. Mesin, F. Teknik, U. Diponegoro Karakterisasi blade hammer mill type swing J. Tek. Mesin, 3 (2015), pp. 376-381 OECDFAO, 2018 Oecd, Fao OECD - FAO Agricultural Outlook 2018 - 2027 (2018), pp. 108-265, 10.1787/agr_outlook-2018-en (Chapter 3). Cereals Ortiz, 2019 O.M. Ortiz Maintenance cost influence in a comminution layout design Procedia Manuf, 41 (2019), pp. 851-858 Oyedeji et al., 2020 O. Oyedeji, P. Gitman, J. Qu, E. Webb Understanding the impact of lignocellulosic biomass variability on the size reduction process: a review ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 8 (2020), pp. 2327-2343, 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b06698 PelletMasters, 2020 PelletMasters PelletMasters Hammer Mills - Electric, Gasoline, and Diesel (2020) ([WWW Document]) Romero, 2016 J. Romero Análisis del desgaste de los martillo del Buhler en alimentos Polar Colombia S A.S. UNIVERSIDAD SANTO TOMÁS (2016) Roy et al., 2020 S. Roy, K. Lee, J.A. Lacey, V.S. Thompson, J.R. Keiser, J. Qu, J.R. Keiser, J. Qu Material characterization-based wear mechanism investigation for biomass hammer mills hammer mills ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 8 (2020), pp. 3541-3546, 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b06450 Sánchez et al., 2020 G.C. Sánchez, J.P. Monteagudo Yanes, M.M. Pérez, J.L. Cabrera Sánchez, A.P. Padrón, D. Haeseldonckx Efficiency in electromechanical drive motors and energy performance indicators for implementing a management system in balanced animal feed manufacturing Energy, 194 (2020), 10.1016/j.energy.2019.116818 Sannik and Pappel, 2004 U. Sannik, T.K. Pappel Complete Milling Technologies of Different Valuable Materials, in: 4th International DAAAM Conference “Industrial Engineering – Innovation as Competitive Edge for SME ” Tallinn, Estonia (2004), pp. 146-148 Scholten, 1985 R.L. Scholten The Effects of Prebreaking on the Efficiency of Hammermill Particle Size Reduction Systems in Feed Manufacturing Kansas State University (1985) Silva et al., 2016 F. Silva, W. Freire, M. Pilatasig Energy efficiency in the milling process of dehydrated products, using hammer mill, in: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Automatica (ICA-ACCA) Talca, Chile (2016), pp. 1-8, 10.1109/ica-acca.2016.7778492 Silver, 1931 E. Silver Feed Grinder Investigations (1931) (Ohio, United States) Stark, 2012 C. Stark Feed Manufacturing to Lower Feed Cost, in: Allen D. Leeman Swine Conference Veterinary Continuing Education, Saint Paul, Minnesota (2012), pp. 127-133 Teeri et al., 2006 T. Teeri, V.-T. Kuokkala, P. Siitonen, P. Kivikytö-Reponen, J. Liimatainen Impact wear in mineral crushing Proc. Est. Acad. Sci. Eng., 12 (2006), pp. 408-418 Testo-direct, 2020 Testo-direct Testo 176-T2 2-channel temperature data logger with 2 external RTD [WWW Document]. URL https://www.testo-direct.com/product/testo-176-t2-temperature-data-logger-2-channel-with-external-rtd-connection (2020) Valmetal, 2013 Valmetal Operator’s manual parts list hammer mill model (2013), pp. 12-1215 (Valmetal) Yancey et al., 2013 N. Yancey, C.T. Wright, T.L. Westover Optimizing hammer mill performance through screen selection and hammer design Biofuels, 4 (2013), pp. 85-94, 10.4155/bfs.12.77 Zastempowski, 2015 M. Zastempowski A comparative study of new and traditional designs of a hammer mill Trans. ASABE Am. Soc. Agric. Biol. Eng. ISSN, 58 (2015), pp. 1-12, 10.13031/trans.58.10691 Ziggers, 2001 B.D. Ziggers Hammering or rolling the grain Feed Technol, 5 (2001), pp. 9-17 |
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Cabello Eras, Juan JoséSagastume Gutiérrez, AlexisCabello Ulloa, Mario Javier2021-05-31T16:02:03Z2021-05-31T16:02:03Z2021-05-152023-05-150959-65261879-1786https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8299https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126685Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/The wear degree of knives in hammermills strongly influences electricity consumption, productivity, and total operating costs. Currently, the timely replacement of the knives set is decided based on visual inspections, a feedstock load or a lifespan defined, the electric demand of the mill as compared to the limit of the motor driving it, or the vibrations of the hammermill. These approaches present different shortcomings. This study proposes the temperature gradient of the feedstock during the milling process as an indicator to monitor the wear degree of knives. The temperature gradient was implemented in a hammermill milling maize to compare two operating modes. In the conventional operating mode, the knives set mills with one edge during its lifespan, replacing the set once the electricity demand approaches the limit capacity of the electric motor driving the mill, or until the vibrations increase over safety limits. Moreover, in the proposed operating mode the temperature gradient is used to define the timely replacement/rotation of the knives edge. In this case, the four edges of the knives are used. The electricity consumption, productivity, and temperature gradient of the process were measured during the milling of ten maize loads of 2500 tons each. These data were used to characterize the performance of the hammermill, and the influence of the temperature gradient on its operational performance. As a result, a temperature gradient of 6.5 °C was defined as the optimal value to change the rotational direction or replacing the knives set in the hammermill assessed. As compared to the traditional operation approach, the use of the temperature gradient resulted in a reduction of the electricity consumption of 32%, and the greenhouse gas emissions by 37%, while reducing the total costs by 33%, and increasing productivity by 20%. Therefore, this approach stands as a significant opportunity to upgrade the operation of hammermills.Cabello Eras, Juan José-will be generated-orcid-0000-0003-0949-0862-600Sagastume Gutiérrez, AlexisCabello Ulloa, Mario Javier-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-6815-1177-600application/pdfengCorporación Universidad de la CostaCC0 1.0 Universalhttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Journal of Cleaner Productionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652621009057HammermillKnives wearingCereals millingEnergy efficiencyThe temperature gradient of cereals as an optimization parameter of the milling process in hammermillsPre-Publicaciónhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_816bTextinfo:eu-repo/semantics/preprinthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTOTRinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionAdetifa and Okewole, 2015 B.O. Adetifa, O.T. Okewole Characterisation of small scale feed mills in a developing country Int. Agric. Eng. J., 17 (2015), pp. 208-216Adom et al., 2015 F. Adom, C. Workman, G. Thoma, D. Shonnard Carbon footprint analysis of dairy feed from a mill in Michigan, USA Int. Dairy J., 31 (2015), pp. 21-28Amazon, 2020 Amazon PT100 temperature sensor [WWW Document] https://www.amazon.com/-/es/Sensor-temperatura-PT100-resistente-agua/dp/B07DP3LYPX/ref=sr_1_3?dchild=1&keywords=pt100+temperature+sensor&qid=1613165880&sr=8-3 (2020)Anders, 2006 L. Anders Austempered High Silicon Steel Lulea University of Technology (2006)Anderson, 2010 S. Anderson Optimizing hammermill efficiency Feed Mill Managers Seminar, US Poultry & Egg Association, Nashville (2010), p. 12Armatmontree et al., 2019 A. Armatmontree, W. San-Um, C. Keatmanee Design and Analysis of a Hammer Mill Machine in High-Efficacy Recycle Process, in: Proceedings of the Conference on the Industrial and Commercial Use of Energy ICUE. IEEE, Phuket, Thailand (2019), pp. 1-6, 10.23919/ICUE-GESD.2018.8635728Austin, 2004 L.G. Austin A preliminary simulation model for fine grinding in high speed hammer mills Powder Technol., 144 (2004), pp. 240-252, 10.1016/j.powtec.2004.04.017Baker, 1960 R.J. Baker Factors that Affect the Granulation and Capacity Kansas State University of Agriculture and Applied Science (1960)Behnamfard et al., 2020 A. Behnamfard, D. Namaei Roudi, F. Veglio The performance improvement of a full-scale autogenous mill by setting the feed ore properties J. Clean. Prod., 271 (2020), 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122554 122554Bitra et al., 2009 V. Bitra, A. Womac, C. Igathinathane, P. Miu, Y. Ynag Direct measures of mechanical energy for knife mill size reduction of switchgrass, wheat straw, and corn stover Bioresour. Technol., 100 (2009), pp. 6578-6585Bitra et al., 2010 V.S.P. Bitra, A.R. Womac, C. Igathinathane, S. Sokhansanj Knife mill comminution energy analysis of switchgrass, wheat straw, corn stover and characterization particle size distributions Am. Soc. Agric. Biol. Eng., 53 (2010), pp. 1639-1651Buffalo, 2016 Schutte Buffalo Routine maintenance for size reduction equipment [WWW Document]. Schutte hammer mills. URL https://www.hammermills.com/replacing-hammer-mill-wear-parts/ (2016)CIDB, 2018 Cidb Annual Report 2017-2018. Airpt Carbon Accredit, 91 (2018), pp. 399-404CREG, 2020 Creg Tarifario Enero 2020 (2020)Dabbour et al., 2014 M. Dabbour, A. Bahnasawy, S. Ali, Z. El- Haddad Energy Consumption in Manufacturing of Different Types of Feeds, in: 2nd International Conference on Biotechnology Applications in Agriculture (ICBAA) Benha University, Moshtohor and Hurghada, El Cairo (2014), pp. 15-24, 10.13140/RG.2.1.3056.0805Dandotiya, 2011 R. Dandotiya Decision support models for the maintenance and design of mill liners Prz. Elektrotechniczny. Universitetstryckeriet. (2011)Dávila et al., 2020 P. Dávila, J.D. Sánchez, H. Herrera, J.D. Turriago, J.C. Gaviria Cálculo del factor de emisiones de la red de energía eléctrica en Colombia Bogotá (2020)Diop et al., 2020 M. Diop, O. Ba, B. Niang, I. Ngom, L. Thiaw A Methodology for Modeling Cereal Milling System, in: 2nd International Conference on Electrical, Communication and Computer Engineering, ICECCE 2020 IEEE, Istanbul, Turkey (2020), pp. 12-13, 10.1109/ICECCE49384.2020.9179182El-Shal et al., 2010 M.S. El-Shal, M.A. Tawfik, A.M. El-Shal, K.A. Metwally Study the effect of some operational factors on hammer mill Misr J. Agric. Eng., 27 (2010), pp. 54-74FAMSUN, 2013 Famsun FAMSUN SWFP66D series fine-grinding hammer mill concise operation manual [WWW Document] FAMSUN Integr. Solut. Provid. (2013)Fenchea, 2013 M. Fenchea Design of hammer mills for optimum performance J. Vib. Control, 19 (2013), pp. 2100-20108, 10.1177/1077546312455210Ghafori et al., 2020 H. Ghafori, S.A. Khodarahmi, M. Razazi Grain mill knife wear optimization Met. Sci. Heat Treat., 62 (2020), pp. 336-340, 10.1007/s11041-020-00563-8Guyomard et al., 2013 H. Guyomard, S. Manceron, J.-L. Peyraud Trade in feed grains, animals, and animal products: current trends, future prospects, and main issues Anim. Front., 3 (2013), pp. 14-18, 10.2527/af.2013-0003Heimann, 2000 M. Heimann Hammermill Maintenance Roskamp Champion (2000)Heimann, 2014 M. Heimann Hammermill Maintenance for Top Grinding Performance at a Lower Operating Cost CSC Publishing (2014)Indian Feed Industry, 2015 Indian Feed Industry Revitalizing Nutritional Security Gurgaon, India (2015)Ismail et al., 2017 N.K. Ismail, O.A. Fouda, M.C. Ahmad, M.M. Mosa, M. Ahmad, M.M. Mosa Influence of knives wear phenomena on hammer mill productivity and product quality J. Soil Sci. Agric. Eng., Mansoura Univ., 8 (2017), pp. 347-353, 10.21608/jssae.2017.37530Jardine and Tsang, 2013 A.K. Jardine, A.H. 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Ziggers Hammering or rolling the grain Feed Technol, 5 (2001), pp. 9-17PublicationORIGINALThe temperature gradient of cereals as an optimization parameter of the milling process in hammermills.pdfThe temperature gradient of cereals as an optimization parameter of the milling process in hammermills.pdfapplication/pdf151661https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/48c74816-5733-4ee4-a74c-a4a3aabe9970/downloaded382b41c3e8762f650d8d5fc09570d8MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8701https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/f61c6ef5-db58-4777-bb2f-63ffd60bca1c/download42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708cMD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83196https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/ab00b189-7a1c-4bd1-bb7e-fd29eb59066a/downloade30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9badMD53THUMBNAILThe temperature gradient of cereals as an optimization parameter of the milling process in hammermills.pdf.jpgThe temperature gradient of cereals as an optimization 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