Understanding social and environmental hazards in urban areas: an analysis from Barranquilla, Colombia
The present research aims to understand the challenges faced by a Colombian city in the context of multidimensional risk scenarios, given the existing demographic and socio-economic conditions and local perspectives and perceptions regarding socio-environmental risks. The research was undertaken in...
- Autores:
-
Martínez-González, Marina Begoña
Milanés Batista, Celene
Moreno-Gómez, Jorge
Padilla-Llano, Samuel Esteban
Vásquez, Alex
Lavell, Allan
Saltarín-Jiménez, Ana
Suarez , Andres
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/8927
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8927
https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10110411
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Developing cities
Quality of life
Risk reduction
Social vulnerability
Sustainable development goals
Urban poverty
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- CC0 1.0 Universal
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| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Understanding social and environmental hazards in urban areas: an analysis from Barranquilla, Colombia |
| title |
Understanding social and environmental hazards in urban areas: an analysis from Barranquilla, Colombia |
| spellingShingle |
Understanding social and environmental hazards in urban areas: an analysis from Barranquilla, Colombia Developing cities Quality of life Risk reduction Social vulnerability Sustainable development goals Urban poverty |
| title_short |
Understanding social and environmental hazards in urban areas: an analysis from Barranquilla, Colombia |
| title_full |
Understanding social and environmental hazards in urban areas: an analysis from Barranquilla, Colombia |
| title_fullStr |
Understanding social and environmental hazards in urban areas: an analysis from Barranquilla, Colombia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Understanding social and environmental hazards in urban areas: an analysis from Barranquilla, Colombia |
| title_sort |
Understanding social and environmental hazards in urban areas: an analysis from Barranquilla, Colombia |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Martínez-González, Marina Begoña Milanés Batista, Celene Moreno-Gómez, Jorge Padilla-Llano, Samuel Esteban Vásquez, Alex Lavell, Allan Saltarín-Jiménez, Ana Suarez , Andres |
| dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Martínez-González, Marina Begoña Milanés Batista, Celene Moreno-Gómez, Jorge Padilla-Llano, Samuel Esteban Vásquez, Alex Lavell, Allan Saltarín-Jiménez, Ana Suarez , Andres |
| dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
Developing cities Quality of life Risk reduction Social vulnerability Sustainable development goals Urban poverty |
| topic |
Developing cities Quality of life Risk reduction Social vulnerability Sustainable development goals Urban poverty |
| description |
The present research aims to understand the challenges faced by a Colombian city in the context of multidimensional risk scenarios, given the existing demographic and socio-economic conditions and local perspectives and perceptions regarding socio-environmental risks. The research was undertaken in the city of Barranquilla, northern Colombia. A survey was designed to analyze (1) the general socio-economic and vulnerability conditions of a communities’ sample, (2) information related to hazards and disaster risk in their neighbourhoods, and (3) information on actions to mitigate risk. Three hundred and ninety-one people were surveyed. Likert scale and Pearson's Chi-square test and descriptive, inferential statistical methods, regression models, and the Mann–Whitney U test were used to process the results. Respondents lived, in general, under precarious socio-economic conditions (such as low income or lack of infrastructure and others). Given socio-environmental constraints, the research revealed that hazards such as urban stream flooding and robbery were the most negatively associated with the respondent’s quality of life. Regarding the actions to avoid losses, 84% of respondents had not implemented any preventive action. Respondents also have low awareness of the need to implement risk prevention actions. Social risks and the configuration of anthropic hazards stand out as principal centres for concern. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-11-25T19:12:35Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-11-25T19:12:35Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-10-25 |
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Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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Text |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
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2076-0760 |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8927 |
| dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10110411 |
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Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
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REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
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https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
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2076-0760 Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8927 https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10110411 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
| dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Acosta-Coll, Melisa, Francisco Ballester-Merelo, and Marcos Martínez-Peiró. 2018. Early warning system for detection of urban pluvial flooding hazard levels in an ungauged basin. Natural Hazards 92: 1237–65. [CrossRef] Aihara, Yoko, Sadhana Shrestha, Sudarshan Rajbhandari, Arun Prasad Bhattarai, Niranjan Bista, Futaba Kazama, and Junko Shindo. 2018. Resilience in household water systems and quality of life after the earthquake: A mixed-methods study in urban Nepal. Water Policy 205: 1013–26. [CrossRef] Ainuddin, Syed, and Jayant Kumar Routray. 2012. Community resilience framework for an earthquake prone area in Baluchistan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2: 25–36. [CrossRef] Ainuddin, Syed, Daniel P. Aldrich, Jayant K. Routray, Shabana Ainuddin, and Abida Achkazai. 2013. The need for local involvement: Decentralization of disaster management institutions in Baluchistan, Pakistan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 6: 50–58. [CrossRef] Akter, Sonia, and Bishawjit Mallick. 2013. The poverty–Vulnerability–Resilience nexus: Evidence from Bangladesh. Ecological Economics 96: 114–24. [CrossRef] Ardalan, Ali, Monir Mazaheri, M. Vanrooyen, H. Mowafi, S. Nedjat, K. H. Naieni, and M. Russel. 2011. Post-disaster quality of life among older survivors five years after the Bam earthquake: Implications for recovery policy. Ageing and Society 312: 179–96. [CrossRef] ARUP and The Rockefeller Foundation. 2014. City Resilience Framework. The Rockefeller Foundation and ARUP 928. Available online: https://www.urban-response.org/system/files/content/resource/files/main/city-resilience-framework-arup-april2014.pdf (accessed on 25 August 2021). Adomah Bempah, Sherry, and Arne Olav Øyhus. 2017. The role of social perception in disaster risk reduction: Beliefs, perception, and attitudes regarding flood disasters in communities along the Volta River, Ghana. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 23: 104–8. [CrossRef] Bodoque, José María, María Amérigo, Andrés Díez-Herrero, Juan A. García, Beatriz Cortés, Juan Antonio Ballesteros-Cánovas, and Jorge Olcina. 2016. Improvement of resilience of urban areas by integrating social perception in flash-flood risk management. Journal of Hydrology 541: 665–76. [CrossRef] Bozza, Anna, Domenico Asprone, and Gaetano Manfredi. 2015. Developing an integrated framework to quantify resilience of urban systems against disasters. Natural Hazards 783: 1729–48. [CrossRef] Carter, Jeremy G., Gina Cavan, Angela Connelly, Simon Guy, John Handley, and Aleksandra Kazmierczak. 2015. Climate change and the city: Building capacity for urban adaptation. Progress in Planning 95: 1–66. [CrossRef] Castro, Carmen-Paz, Juan-Pablo Sarmiento, Rosita Edwards, Gabriela Hoberman, and Katherine Wyndham. 2017. Disaster risk perception in urban contexts and for people with disabilities: Case study on the city of Iquique Chile. Natural Hazards 86: 411–36. [CrossRef] Chacowry, Anoradha. 2016. Public perceptions of living with flood risk from media coverage in the small island developing state of Mauritius. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 19: 303–10. [CrossRef] Choudhary, Bikramaditya K., Arun Kumar Tripathi, and Jeetesh Rai. 2019. Can ‘poor’cities breathe: Responses to climate change in low-income countries. Urban Climate 27: 403–11. [CrossRef] Cid Ortiz, Guillermo, Carmen Castro Correa, and Vanessa Rugiero de Souza. 2012. Percepción del riesgo en relación con capacidades de autoprotección y autogestión, como elementos relevantes en la reducción de la vulnerabilidad en la ciudad de la Serena. INVI 75: 105–42. [CrossRef] Cui, Ke, and Ziqiang Han. 2018. Association between disaster experience and quality of life: The mediating role of disaster risk perception. Quality of Life Research 282: 509–13. [CrossRef] De Sherbinin, Alex, Andrew Schiller, and Alex Pulsipher. 2007. The vulnerability of global cities to climate hazards. Environment and Urbanization 191: 39–64. [CrossRef] Dodman, David, Diane Archer, and Marcus Mayr. 2018. Addressing the Most Vulnerable First: Pro-Poor Climate Action in Informal Settlements. Nairobi: UN-Habitat. Available online: https://unhabitat.org/pro-poor-climate-action-in-informal-settlement (accessed on 25 August 2021). Eiser, J. Richard, Ann Bostrom, Ian Burton, David M. Johnston, John McClure, Douglas Paton, Joopvan der Pligt, and Mathew P. White. 2012. Risk interpretation and action: A conceptual framework for responses to natural hazards. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 1: 5–16. [CrossRef] Ge, Yi, Wen Dou, and Ning Liu. 2017. Planning resilient and sustainable cities: Identifying and targeting social vulnerability to climate change. Sustainability 98: 1394. [CrossRef] Giuliani, Anna R., Antonella Mattei, Flavio Santilli, Giovanna Clori, Maria Scatigna, and Leila Fabiani. 2014. Well-Being and Perceived Quality of Life in Elderly People Displaced After the Earthquake in L’Aquila, Italy. Journal of Community Health 39: 531–37. [CrossRef] Goryoda, Sayuri, Nobuo Nishi, Haruki Shimoda, Yuki Yonekura, Kiyomi Sakata, Seiichiro Kobayashi, Akira Ogawa, and Ichiro Kawachi. 2019. Social Capital and Dietary Intakes Following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. Journal of Epidemiology 293: 92–96. [CrossRef] Guo, Yuming, Antonio Gasparrini, Shanshan Li, Francesco Sera, Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho, Paulo Hilario Nascimento Saldiva, Eric Lavigne, Benjawan Tawatsupa, Kornwipa Punnasiri, and et al. 2018. Quantifying excess deaths related to heatwaves under climate change scenarios: A multicountry time series modelling study. PLoS Medicine 15: e1002629. [CrossRef] Hardoy, Jorgelina, and Gustavo Pandiella. 2009. Urban poverty and vulnerability to climate change in Latin America. Environment and Urbanization 21: 203–24. [CrossRef] Khachadourian, Vahe, Haroutune K. Armenian, Anahit Demirchyan, and Armen Goenjian. 2015. Loss and psychosocial factors as determinants of quality of life in a cohort of earthquake survivors. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 131: 13. [CrossRef] Lara, Alejandro, Xavier Garcia, Felipe Bucci, and Anna Ribas. 2017. What do people think about the flood risk? An experience with the residents of Talcahuano city, Chile. Natural Hazards 85: 1557–75. [CrossRef] Lavell, Allan, Michael Oppenheimer, Cherif Diop, Jeremy Hess, Robert Lempert, Jianping Li, Robert Muir-Wood, Soojeong Myeong, Susanne Moser, Kuniyoshi Takeuchi, and et al. 2012. Climate change: New dimensions in disaster risk, exposure, vulnerability, and resilience. In Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation: Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 25–64. [CrossRef] Lei, Yongdeng, Jing’ai Wang, Yaojie Yue, Hongjian Zhou, and Weixia Yin. 2014. Rethinking the relationships of vulnerability, resilience, and adaptation from a disaster risk perspective. Natural Hazards 70: 609–27. [CrossRef] Li, Min, Yuji Hasemi, and Yuna Nozoe. 2019. Study on disaster risks and countermeasures influenced by the impact of the modernization process in historical mountain villages: A case study of Hanazawa historical village, Japan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 41: 101290. [CrossRef] Lin, Le, Ying Wang, and Tianxue Liu. 2017. Perception of recovery of households affected by 2008 Wenchuan earthquake: A structural equation model. PLoS ONE 12: e0183631. [CrossRef] [PubMed] Lin, Mau-Roung, Wenzheng Huang, Chingchaw Huang, Hei-Fen Hwang, Lung-Wen Tsai, and Yun-Ning Chiu. 2002. The impact of the Chi-Chi earthquake on quality of life among elderly survivors in Taiwan–a before and after study. Quality of Life Research 114: 379–88. [CrossRef] Maskrey, Andrew. 2011. Revisiting community-based disaster risk management. Environmental Hazards 10: 42–52. [CrossRef] Mavromatidi, Asimina, Elodie Briche, and Cécilia Claeys. 2018. Mapping and analyzing socio-environmental vulnerability to coastal hazards induced by climate change: An application to coastal Mediterranean cities in France. Cities 72: 189–200. [CrossRef] Medina Pérez, Patricia Catalina, Sonia Bass Zavala, and César Mario Fuentes Flores. 2019. Herramientas para el diseño de una política social. INVI 34: 197–223. Available online: https://revistainvi.uchile.cl/index.php/INVI/article/view/63088 (accessed on 25 August 2021). Milanés Batista, Celene, and Claudio Fabian Szlafsztein. 2018. Experiencias Metodológicas para la Gestión del Riesgo. Educosta: Barranquilla. Milanes, Celene B., Marina B. Martínez-González, Jorge Moreno-Gómez, Ana Saltarín J., Andres Suarez, Samuel E. Padilla-Llano, Alex Vasquez, Allan Lavell, and Seweryn Zielinski. 2021. Multiple hazards and governance model in the Barranquilla Metropolitan Area, Colombia. Sustainability 13: 2669. [CrossRef] Nathan, Fabien. 2008. Risk perception, risk management and vulnerability to landslides in the hill slopes in the city of La Paz, Bolivia. A preliminary statement. Disasters 323: 337–57. [CrossRef] [PubMed] Leary, Neil, Cecilia Conde, and Jyoti Kulkarni. 2008. Climate Change and Vulnerability. London: Earthscan. Padilla-Llano, Samuel. 2015. Producción de Espacio Público [X] Participación Ciudadana. El Proyecto de Espacio Público Resultado de Procesos de Participación Ciudadana. Available online: http://hdl.handle.net/10803/309288 (accessed on 25 August 2021). Padilla-Llano, Samuel. 2020. From the urban project to the participative public space project: A historical approach. Módulo Arquitectura CUC 24: 67–82. [CrossRef] Pardo Martínez, Clara I. 2018. Climate change in Colombia: A study to evaluate trends and perspectives for achieving sustainable development from society. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 10: 632–52. [CrossRef] Peters, Jeff, Nathan Wood, Rick Wilson, and Kevin Miller. 2016. Intra-community implications of implementing multiple tsunamievacuation zones in Alameda, California. Natural Hazards 84: 975–95. [CrossRef] Rehman, Junaid, Osama Sohaib, Mohammad Asif, and Biswajeet Pradhan. 2019. Applying systems thinking to flood disaster management for a sustainable development. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 36: 10101. [CrossRef] Remesar, Antoni, Xavi Salas, Samuel Padilla, and Danae Esparza. 2012. Inclusion and empowerment in public art and urban design. On the W@terfront 24: 3–32. Available online: https://raco.cat/index.php/Waterfront/article/view/259235 (accessed on 25 August 2021). Romero De Gutiérrez, Laineth. 2018. De la Regeneración Urbana a la Gentrificación. Caso Estudio en Barranquilla. Colombia Thesis Doctoral, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. Available online: http://digibug.ugr.es/handle/10481/50914 (accessed on 25 August 2021). Sandoval Díaz, José Sebastián, Luisa Rojas Paez, Makarenna Villalobos Soublet, Constanza Sandoval Díaz, Francisco Moraga, and Nayssa Aguirre. 2018. De la organización vecinal hacia la gestión local del riesgo: Diagnóstico de vulnerabilidad y capacidad. INVI 3392: 155–80. [CrossRef] Sarmiento, Juan Pablo, and Ana María Torres-Muñoz. 2020. Risk Transfer for Populations in Precarious Urban Environments. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 11: 74–86. [CrossRef] Scolobig, Anna, Tim Prior, Dagmar Schröter, Jonas Jörina, and Anthony Patta. 2015. Towards people-centred approaches for effective disaster risk management: Balancing rhetoric with reality. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 12: 202–12. [CrossRef] Silver, Jonathan, Cheryl McEwan, Laura Petrella, and Hamidou Baguian. 2013. Climate change, urban vulnerability and development in Saint-Louis and Bobo-Dioulasso: Learning from across two West African cities. Local Environment 186: 663–77. [CrossRef] Tyler, Stephen, and Marcus Moench. 2012. A framework for urban climate resilience. Climate and Development 44: 311–26. [CrossRef] UNFPA. 2018. The State of the World Population 2018. New York: UNFPA. Wang, Xiangdong, Lan Gao, Huabiao Zhang, Chengzhi Zhao, Yucun Shen, and Naptaka Shinfuku. 2000. Post-earthquake quality of life and psychological well-being: Longitudinal evaluation in a rural community sample in northern China. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 544: 427–33. [CrossRef] [PubMed] Zanetti, Vitor B., Wilson C. De Sousa Junior, and Débora M. De Freitas. 2016. A climate change vulnerability index and case study in a Brazilian coastal city. Sustainability 8: 811. [CrossRef] Xu, Dingde, Yi Liu, Xin Deng, Chen Qing, Linmei Zhuang, Zhuolin Yong, and Kai Huang. 2019. Earthquake Disaster Risk Perception Process Model for Rural Households: A Pilot Study from Southwestern China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16: 4512. [CrossRef] Yoo, Gayoung, Jin Hwan Hwang, and Choongik Choi. 2011. Development and application of a methodology for vulnerability assessment of climate change in coastal cities. Ocean & Coastal Management 547: 524–34. [CrossRef] Zhou, Yang, Ning Li, Wenxiang Wu, Jidong Wu, and Peijun Shi. 2014. Local Spatial and Temporal Factors Influencing Population and Societal Vulnerability to Natural Disasters. Risk Analysis 344: 614–39. [CrossRef] [PubMed] |
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Martínez-González, Marina BegoñaMilanés Batista, CeleneMoreno-Gómez, JorgePadilla-Llano, Samuel EstebanVásquez, AlexLavell, AllanSaltarín-Jiménez, AnaSuarez , Andres2021-11-25T19:12:35Z2021-11-25T19:12:35Z2021-10-252076-0760https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8927https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10110411Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/The present research aims to understand the challenges faced by a Colombian city in the context of multidimensional risk scenarios, given the existing demographic and socio-economic conditions and local perspectives and perceptions regarding socio-environmental risks. The research was undertaken in the city of Barranquilla, northern Colombia. A survey was designed to analyze (1) the general socio-economic and vulnerability conditions of a communities’ sample, (2) information related to hazards and disaster risk in their neighbourhoods, and (3) information on actions to mitigate risk. Three hundred and ninety-one people were surveyed. Likert scale and Pearson's Chi-square test and descriptive, inferential statistical methods, regression models, and the Mann–Whitney U test were used to process the results. Respondents lived, in general, under precarious socio-economic conditions (such as low income or lack of infrastructure and others). Given socio-environmental constraints, the research revealed that hazards such as urban stream flooding and robbery were the most negatively associated with the respondent’s quality of life. Regarding the actions to avoid losses, 84% of respondents had not implemented any preventive action. Respondents also have low awareness of the need to implement risk prevention actions. Social risks and the configuration of anthropic hazards stand out as principal centres for concern.Martínez-González, Marina Begoña-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-5840-6383-600Milanes, Celene B.-will be generated-orcid-0000-0003-2560-8859-600Moreno-Gómez, Jorge-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-8828-4284-600Padilla-Llano, Samuel Esteban-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-0406-0719-600Vásquez, AlexLavell, AllanSaltarín-Jiménez, AnaSuarez, Andres-will be generated-orcid-0000-0001-5517-5009-600application/pdfengCorporación Universidad de la CostaCC0 1.0 Universalhttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Social Scienceshttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/10/11/411Developing citiesQuality of lifeRisk reductionSocial vulnerabilitySustainable development goalsUrban povertyUnderstanding social and environmental hazards in urban areas: an analysis from Barranquilla, ColombiaArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionAcosta-Coll, Melisa, Francisco Ballester-Merelo, and Marcos Martínez-Peiró. 2018. Early warning system for detection of urban pluvial flooding hazard levels in an ungauged basin. Natural Hazards 92: 1237–65. [CrossRef]Aihara, Yoko, Sadhana Shrestha, Sudarshan Rajbhandari, Arun Prasad Bhattarai, Niranjan Bista, Futaba Kazama, and Junko Shindo. 2018. Resilience in household water systems and quality of life after the earthquake: A mixed-methods study in urban Nepal. Water Policy 205: 1013–26. [CrossRef]Ainuddin, Syed, and Jayant Kumar Routray. 2012. Community resilience framework for an earthquake prone area in Baluchistan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2: 25–36. [CrossRef]Ainuddin, Syed, Daniel P. Aldrich, Jayant K. Routray, Shabana Ainuddin, and Abida Achkazai. 2013. The need for local involvement: Decentralization of disaster management institutions in Baluchistan, Pakistan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 6: 50–58. [CrossRef]Akter, Sonia, and Bishawjit Mallick. 2013. The poverty–Vulnerability–Resilience nexus: Evidence from Bangladesh. Ecological Economics 96: 114–24. [CrossRef]Ardalan, Ali, Monir Mazaheri, M. Vanrooyen, H. Mowafi, S. Nedjat, K. H. Naieni, and M. Russel. 2011. Post-disaster quality of life among older survivors five years after the Bam earthquake: Implications for recovery policy. Ageing and Society 312: 179–96. [CrossRef]ARUP and The Rockefeller Foundation. 2014. City Resilience Framework. The Rockefeller Foundation and ARUP 928. Available online: https://www.urban-response.org/system/files/content/resource/files/main/city-resilience-framework-arup-april2014.pdf (accessed on 25 August 2021).Adomah Bempah, Sherry, and Arne Olav Øyhus. 2017. The role of social perception in disaster risk reduction: Beliefs, perception, and attitudes regarding flood disasters in communities along the Volta River, Ghana. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 23: 104–8. [CrossRef]Bodoque, José María, María Amérigo, Andrés Díez-Herrero, Juan A. García, Beatriz Cortés, Juan Antonio Ballesteros-Cánovas, and Jorge Olcina. 2016. Improvement of resilience of urban areas by integrating social perception in flash-flood risk management. Journal of Hydrology 541: 665–76. [CrossRef]Bozza, Anna, Domenico Asprone, and Gaetano Manfredi. 2015. Developing an integrated framework to quantify resilience of urban systems against disasters. Natural Hazards 783: 1729–48. [CrossRef]Carter, Jeremy G., Gina Cavan, Angela Connelly, Simon Guy, John Handley, and Aleksandra Kazmierczak. 2015. Climate change and the city: Building capacity for urban adaptation. Progress in Planning 95: 1–66. [CrossRef]Castro, Carmen-Paz, Juan-Pablo Sarmiento, Rosita Edwards, Gabriela Hoberman, and Katherine Wyndham. 2017. Disaster risk perception in urban contexts and for people with disabilities: Case study on the city of Iquique Chile. Natural Hazards 86: 411–36. 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