Rapid Prototyping of a Hybrid PV–Wind Generation System Implemented in a Real-Time Digital Simulation Platform and Arduino

: The growing penetration of generation systems based on renewable energy in electric power systems is undeniable. These generation systems have many benefits, but also many challenges from the technical point of view. One of the biggest problems in the case of solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind energ...

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Autores:
Pagola, Víctor
Peña, Rafael
Segundo, Juan
Ospino, Adalberto
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2019
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/2947
Acceso en línea:
http://hdl.handle.net/11323/2947
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
boost converter
buck converter
control strategies
real-time simulations
renewable energy
solar energy
wind energy
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Atribución – No comercial – Compartir igual
id RCUC2_afa365e49278914476ec3ec663a223ff
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/2947
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Rapid Prototyping of a Hybrid PV–Wind Generation System Implemented in a Real-Time Digital Simulation Platform and Arduino
title Rapid Prototyping of a Hybrid PV–Wind Generation System Implemented in a Real-Time Digital Simulation Platform and Arduino
spellingShingle Rapid Prototyping of a Hybrid PV–Wind Generation System Implemented in a Real-Time Digital Simulation Platform and Arduino
boost converter
buck converter
control strategies
real-time simulations
renewable energy
solar energy
wind energy
title_short Rapid Prototyping of a Hybrid PV–Wind Generation System Implemented in a Real-Time Digital Simulation Platform and Arduino
title_full Rapid Prototyping of a Hybrid PV–Wind Generation System Implemented in a Real-Time Digital Simulation Platform and Arduino
title_fullStr Rapid Prototyping of a Hybrid PV–Wind Generation System Implemented in a Real-Time Digital Simulation Platform and Arduino
title_full_unstemmed Rapid Prototyping of a Hybrid PV–Wind Generation System Implemented in a Real-Time Digital Simulation Platform and Arduino
title_sort Rapid Prototyping of a Hybrid PV–Wind Generation System Implemented in a Real-Time Digital Simulation Platform and Arduino
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Pagola, Víctor
Peña, Rafael
Segundo, Juan
Ospino, Adalberto
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Pagola, Víctor
Peña, Rafael
Segundo, Juan
Ospino, Adalberto
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv boost converter
buck converter
control strategies
real-time simulations
renewable energy
solar energy
wind energy
topic boost converter
buck converter
control strategies
real-time simulations
renewable energy
solar energy
wind energy
description : The growing penetration of generation systems based on renewable energy in electric power systems is undeniable. These generation systems have many benefits, but also many challenges from the technical point of view. One of the biggest problems in the case of solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy is the intermittency of the raw material, thus hybrid generation systems that contain both sources are being used to complement electric power generation. To analyze the problems of this type of hybrid generation systems, it is necessary to develop models and test systems that allows to study their dynamic behavior. Reported in this paper is the implementation of a full hybrid PV–wind generation system model in a real-time digital simulation platform, and the development of the electronic converter controls. These controllers were implemented in digital devices (Arduino Due) and connected to the simulation platform to test their performance in real-time. In addition, the procedure followed for the development and implementation of the controllers is presented. The proposed test system can be used in renewable energy integration studies and the development of new control strategies.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2019-03-12T19:22:23Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2019-03-12T19:22:23Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2019-01-17
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
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dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 2079-9292
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11323/2947
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv 2079-9292
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url http://hdl.handle.net/11323/2947
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv 1. Badwawi, R.A.; Abusara, M.; Mallick, T. A Review of Hybrid Solar PV and Wind Energy System. Smart Sci. 2015, 3, 127–138. [CrossRef] 2. Paez, A.F.; Maldonado, Y.M.; Castro, A.O. Future Scenarios and Trends of Energy Demand in Colombia Using Long-Range Energy Alternative Planning. Int. J. Energy Econ. Policy 2017, 7, 178–190. 3. Engin, M. Sizing and Simulation of PV-Wind Hybrid Power System. Int. J. Photoenergy 2013, 2013, 217526. [CrossRef] 4. Claudia Roldán, M.; Martínez, M.; Peña, R. Scenarios for a Hierarchical Assessment of the Global Sustainability of Electric Power Plants in México. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2014, 33, 154–160. [CrossRef] 5. Ospino-Castro, A.; Pena-Gallardo, R.; Rodriguez, A.H.; Segundo-Ramirez, J.; Munoz-Maldonado, Y.A. Techno-Economic Evaluation of a Grid-Connected Hybrid PV-Wind Power Generation System in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Autumn Meeting on Power, Electronics and Computing (ROPEC 2017), Ixtapa, Mexico, 8–10 November 2017; pp. 1–6. [CrossRef] 6. Eras, J.J.C.; Fontalvo, M.O.; Rueda, C.A.; Herrera, H.H.; Leiro, P.R. Evaluación de La Calidad de Vida Urbana En Las Principales Ciudades Colombianas. Rev. Bras. Gest. Desenvolv. Reg. 2017, 13, 106–127. 7. Cheddadi, Y.; Gaga, A.; Errahimi, F.; Sbai, N.E. Design of an Energy Management System for an Autonomous Hybrid Micro-Grid Based on Labview IDE. In Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC 2015), Marrakech, Morocco, 10–13 December 2015. [CrossRef] 8. Park, M.; Yu, I.K. A Novel Real-Time Simulation Technique of Photovoltaic Generation Systems Using RTDS. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. 2004, 19, 164–169. [CrossRef] 9. Gao, W.; Zheglov, V.; Wang, G.; Mahajan, S.M. PV-Wind-Fuel Cell-Electrolyzer Micro-Grid Modeling and Control in Real Time Digital Simulator. In Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP 2009), Capri, Italy, 9–11 June 2009; pp. 29–34. [CrossRef] 10. Li, W.; Joós, G.; Bélanger, J. Real-Time Simulation of a Wind Turbine Generator Coupled with a Battery Supercapacitor Energy Storage System. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 2010, 57, 1137–1145. [CrossRef] 11. Mohamed, A.; Mohammed, O. Real-Time Energy Management Scheme for Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems in Smart Grid Applications. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 2013, 96, 133–143. [CrossRef] 12. Peña, R.; Medina, A. Real Time Simulation of a Power System Including Renewable Energy Sources. In Proceedings of the 2012 North American Power Symposium (NAPS 2012), Champaign, IL, USA, 9–11 September 2012. [CrossRef] 13. Gibson, I.; Rosen, D.W.; Stucker, B. Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Rapid Prototyping to Direct Digital Manufacturing; Springer: Berlin, Germany, 2010. [CrossRef] 14. Chinchilla, M.; Arnaltes, S.; Burgos, J.C. Control of Permanent-Magnet Generators Applied to Variable-Speed Wind-Energy Systems Connected to the Grid. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. 2006, 21, 130–135. [CrossRef] 15. Agarwal, V.; Aggarwal, R.K.; Patidar, P.; Patki, C. A Novel Scheme for Rapid Tracking of Maximum Power Point in Wind Energy Generation Systems. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. 2010, 25, 228–236. [CrossRef] 16. Lin, W.-M.; Hong, C.-M. Intelligent Approach to Maximum Power Point Tracking Control Strategy for Variable-Speed Wind Turbine Generation System. Energy 2010, 35, 2440–2447. [CrossRef] 17. Antonishen, M.P.; Han, H.Y.; Brekken, T.K.A.; Von Jouanne, A.; Yokochi, A.; Halamay, D.A.; Song, J.; Naviaux, D.B.; Davidson, J.D.; Bistrika, A. A Methodology to Enable Wind Farm Participation in Automatic Generation Control Using Energy Storage Devices. In Proceedings of the IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, San Diego, CA, USA, 22–26 July 2012. [CrossRef] 18. Selvamuthukumaran, R.; Gupta, R. Rapid Prototyping of Power Electronics Converters for Photovoltaic System Application Using Xilinx System Generator. IET Power Electron. 2014, 7, 2269–2278. [CrossRef] 19. Rahim, N.A.; Mekhilef, S. Implementation of Three-Phase Grid Connected Inverter for Photovoltaic Solar Power Generation System. In Proceedings of the PowerCon 2002—2002 International Conference on Power System Technology, Kunming, China, 13–17 October 2002; Volume 1, pp. 570–573. [CrossRef] 20. Ciobotaru, M.; Kerekes, T.; Teodorescu, R.; Bouscayrol, A. PV Inverter Simulation Using MATLAB/Simulink Graphical Environment and PLECS Blockset. In Proceedings of the IECON Proceedings (Industrial Electronics Conference), Paris, France, 6–10 November 2006; pp. 5313–5318. [CrossRef] 21. Villanueva, E.; Correa, P.; Rodríguez, J.; Member, S.; Pacas, M.; Member, S. Control of a Single-Phase Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 2009, 56, 4399–4406. [CrossRef] 22. Selvaraj, J.; Rahim, N.A. Multilevel Inverter for Grid-Connected PV System Employing Digital PI Controller. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 2009, 56, 149–158. [CrossRef] 23. Liu, C.; Chau, K.T.; Zhang, X. An Efficient Wind-Photovoltaic Hybrid Generation System Using Doubly Excited Permanent-Magnet Brushless Machine. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 2010, 57, 831–839. [CrossRef] 24. Daniel, S.A.; AmmasaiGounden, N. A Novel Hybrid Isolated Generating System Based on PV Fed Inverter-Assisted Wind-Driven Induction Generators. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. 2004, 19, 416–422. [CrossRef] 25. Kim, S.K.; Jeon, J.H.; Cho, C.H.; Ahn, J.B.; Kwon, S.H. Dynamic Modeling and Control of a Grid-Connected Hybrid Generation System with Versatile Power Transfer. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 2008, 55, 1677–1688. [CrossRef] 26. Nejabatkhah, F.; Danyali, S.; Hosseini, S.H.; Sabahi, M.; Niapour, S.M. Modeling and Control of a New Three-Input Dc-Dc Boost Converter for Hybrid PV/FC/Battery Power System. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2012, 27, 2309–2324. [CrossRef] 27. Chen, Y.M.; Cheng, C.S.; Wu, H.C. Grid-connected hybrid PV/wind power generation system with improved DC bus voltage regulation strategy. In Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC’06), Dallas, TX, USA, 19–23 March 2006; pp. 1–7. [CrossRef] 28. Merabet, A.; Tawfique Ahmed, K.; Ibrahim, H.; Beguenane, R.; Ghias, A.M.Y.M. Energy Management and Control System for Laboratory Scale Microgrid Based Wind-PV-Battery. IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy 2017, 8, 145–154. [CrossRef] 29. Villalva, M.G.; Gazoli, J.R.; Filho, E.R. Comprehensive Approach to Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Arrays. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2009, 24, 1198–1208. [CrossRef] 30. Salmi, T.; Bouzguenda, M.; Gastli, A.; Masmoudi, A. MATLAB/Simulink Based Modelling of Solar Photovoltaic Cell. Int. J. Renew. Energy Res. 2012, 2, 213–218. [CrossRef] 31. Xiao, W.; Dunford, W.G.; Capel, A. A Novel Modeling Method for Photovoltaic Cells. In Proceedings of the PESC Record—IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Aachen, Germany, 20–25 June 2004; Volume 3, pp. 1950–1956. [CrossRef] 32. Chenni, R.; Makhlouf, M.; Kerbache, T.; Bouzid, A. A Detailed Modeling Method for Photovoltaic Cells. Energy 2007, 32, 1724–1730. [CrossRef] 33. Tobías-González, A.; Peña-Gallardo, R.; Morales-Saldaña, J.; Gutiérrez-Urueta, G. Modeling of a Wind Turbine with a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Real Time Simulations. In Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Autumn Meeting on Power, Electronics and Computing (ROPEC 2015), Ixtapa, Mexico, 4–6 November 2015. [CrossRef] 34. Tan, K.; Islam, S. Optimum Control Strategies in Energy Conversion of PMSG Wind Turbine System without Mechanical Sensors. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. 2004, 19, 392–399. [CrossRef] 35. Rolán, A.; Luna, Á.; Vázquez, G.; Aguilar, D.; Azevedo, G. Modeling of a Variable Speed Wind Turbine with a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, Seoul, Korea, 5–8 July 2009; pp. 734–739. [CrossRef] 36. Ko, H.S. Modeling and Control of PMSG-Based Variable-Speed Wind Turbine. In Wind Turbine Control and Monitoring; Springer: Berlin, Germany, 2014; pp. 3–21. [CrossRef] 37. Ackermann, T. Wind Power in Power Systems; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2005. [CrossRef] 38. Krause, P.C.; Wasynczuk, O.; Sudhoff, S.D.; Pekarek, S. Analysis of Electric Machinery and Drive Systems; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.: Piscataway, NJ, USA, 2013. [CrossRef] 39. Tobías-González, A.; Peña-Gallardo, R.; Morales-Saldaña, J.; Medina-Ríos, A.; Anaya-Lara, O. A State-Space Model and Control of a Full-Range PMSG Wind Turbine for Real-Time Simulations. Electr. Eng. 2018, 100, 2177–2191. [CrossRef] 40. Peña, R.; Medina, A.; Anaya-Lara, O. A Methodology for the Efficient Computer Representation of Dynamic Power Systems: Application to Wind Parks. Wind Energy 2013, 16, 109–121. [CrossRef] 41. Shiau, J.K.; Lee, M.Y.; Wei, Y.C.; Chen, B.C. Circuit Simulation for Solar Power Maximum Power Point Tracking with Different Buck-Boost Converter Topologies. Energies 2014, 7, 5027–5046. [CrossRef] 42. Karami, N.; Moubayed, N.; Outbib, R. General Review and Classification of Different MPPT Techniques. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2017, 68, 1–18. [CrossRef] 43. Mohapatra, A.; Nayak, B.; Das, P.; Mohanty, K.B. A Review on MPPT Techniques of PV System under Partial Shading Condition. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2017, 80, 854–867. [CrossRef] 44. Reza Reisi, A.; Hassan Moradi, M.; Jamasb, S. Classification and Comparison of Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques for Photovoltaic System: A Review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2013, 19, 433–443. [CrossRef] 45. Pagola-Torres, V.; Pena-Gallardo, R.; Segundo-Ramírez, J. Low Voltage Ride-through Analysis in Real Time of a PV-Wind Hybrid System. In Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Autumn Meeting on Power, Electronics and Computing (ROPEC 2015), At Ixtapa, México, 4–6 November 2015. [CrossRef] 46. Rajapakse, A.D.; Muthumuni, D. Simulation Tools for Photovoltaic System Grid Integration Studies. In Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC 2009), Montreal, QC, Canada, 22–23 October 2009. [CrossRef] 47. Sera, D.; Mathe, L.; Kerekes, T.; Spataru, S.V.; Teodorescu, R. On the Perturb-and-Observe and Incremental Conductance Mppt Methods for PV Systems. IEEE J. Photovolt. 2013, 3, 1070–1078. [CrossRef] 48. Muyeen, S.M.; Takahashi, R.; Murata, T.; Tamura, J. Transient Stability Enhancement of Variable Speed Wind Turbine Driven PMSG with Rectifier-Boost Converter-Inverter. In Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM’08), Vilamoura, Portugal, 6–9 September 2008. [CrossRef] 49. Boost, M.A.; Ziogas, P.D. State-of-the-Art Carrier PWM Techniques: A Critical Evaluation. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 1988, 24, 271–280. [CrossRef] 50. Rodríguez, P.; Timbus, A.V.; Teodorescu, R.; Liserre, M.; Blaabjerg, F. Independent PQ Control for Distributed Power Generation Systems under Grid Faults. In Proceedings of the IECON Proceedings (Industrial Electronics Conference), Paris, France, 6–10 November 2006; pp. 5185–5190. [CrossRef] 51. Vazquez, S.; Sanchez, J.A.; Carrasco, J.M.; Leon, J.I.; Galvan, E. A Model-Based Direct Power Control for Three-Phase Power Converters. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 2008, 55, 1647–1657. [CrossRef] 52. Conroy, J.F.; Watson, R. Low-Voltage Ride-through of a Full Converter Wind Turbine with Permanent Magnet Generator. IET Renew. Power Gener. 2007, 1, 182–189. [CrossRef] 53. Arduino. Arduino Due: Overview. Available online: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardDue (accessed on 10 December 2018). 54. Kuffel, R.; Giesbrecht, J.; Maguire, T.; Wierckx, R.P.; McLaren, P. RTDS-a fully digital power system simulator operating in real time. In Proceedings of the 1995 International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery EMPD’95, Singapore, 21–23 November 1995; pp. 498–503. [CrossRef] 55. Jeffrey, A. The Z-Transform. In Handbook of Mathematical Formulas and Integrals; Academic Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 2004. [CrossRef] 56. RTDS Technologies Inc. Real-Time Digital Simulator Tutorial Manual; RSCAD Version 5; RTDS Technologies Inc.: Winnipeg, MB, Canada, 2016.
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución – No comercial – Compartir igual
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rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución – No comercial – Compartir igual
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spelling Pagola, Víctorea792f71-10ae-43b0-bd2d-7c47a35c62b2-1Peña, Rafael307eaf75-fb60-4831-b305-cd6de52b90b8-1Segundo, Juan6dc7b5df-518d-4c2c-a1e9-ac72267c7d7b-1Ospino, Adalbertofd9ad188-2963-482e-8197-9727fa43de76-12019-03-12T19:22:23Z2019-03-12T19:22:23Z2019-01-172079-9292http://hdl.handle.net/11323/2947Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/: The growing penetration of generation systems based on renewable energy in electric power systems is undeniable. These generation systems have many benefits, but also many challenges from the technical point of view. One of the biggest problems in the case of solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy is the intermittency of the raw material, thus hybrid generation systems that contain both sources are being used to complement electric power generation. To analyze the problems of this type of hybrid generation systems, it is necessary to develop models and test systems that allows to study their dynamic behavior. Reported in this paper is the implementation of a full hybrid PV–wind generation system model in a real-time digital simulation platform, and the development of the electronic converter controls. These controllers were implemented in digital devices (Arduino Due) and connected to the simulation platform to test their performance in real-time. In addition, the procedure followed for the development and implementation of the controllers is presented. The proposed test system can be used in renewable energy integration studies and the development of new control strategies.engelectronicsAtribución – No comercial – Compartir igualinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2boost converterbuck convertercontrol strategiesreal-time simulationsrenewable energysolar energywind energyRapid Prototyping of a Hybrid PV–Wind Generation System Implemented in a Real-Time Digital Simulation Platform and ArduinoArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion1. Badwawi, R.A.; Abusara, M.; Mallick, T. A Review of Hybrid Solar PV and Wind Energy System. Smart Sci. 2015, 3, 127–138. [CrossRef] 2. Paez, A.F.; Maldonado, Y.M.; Castro, A.O. Future Scenarios and Trends of Energy Demand in Colombia Using Long-Range Energy Alternative Planning. Int. J. Energy Econ. Policy 2017, 7, 178–190. 3. Engin, M. Sizing and Simulation of PV-Wind Hybrid Power System. Int. J. Photoenergy 2013, 2013, 217526. [CrossRef] 4. Claudia Roldán, M.; Martínez, M.; Peña, R. Scenarios for a Hierarchical Assessment of the Global Sustainability of Electric Power Plants in México. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2014, 33, 154–160. [CrossRef] 5. Ospino-Castro, A.; Pena-Gallardo, R.; Rodriguez, A.H.; Segundo-Ramirez, J.; Munoz-Maldonado, Y.A. Techno-Economic Evaluation of a Grid-Connected Hybrid PV-Wind Power Generation System in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Autumn Meeting on Power, Electronics and Computing (ROPEC 2017), Ixtapa, Mexico, 8–10 November 2017; pp. 1–6. [CrossRef] 6. Eras, J.J.C.; Fontalvo, M.O.; Rueda, C.A.; Herrera, H.H.; Leiro, P.R. Evaluación de La Calidad de Vida Urbana En Las Principales Ciudades Colombianas. Rev. Bras. Gest. Desenvolv. Reg. 2017, 13, 106–127. 7. Cheddadi, Y.; Gaga, A.; Errahimi, F.; Sbai, N.E. Design of an Energy Management System for an Autonomous Hybrid Micro-Grid Based on Labview IDE. In Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC 2015), Marrakech, Morocco, 10–13 December 2015. [CrossRef] 8. Park, M.; Yu, I.K. A Novel Real-Time Simulation Technique of Photovoltaic Generation Systems Using RTDS. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. 2004, 19, 164–169. [CrossRef] 9. Gao, W.; Zheglov, V.; Wang, G.; Mahajan, S.M. PV-Wind-Fuel Cell-Electrolyzer Micro-Grid Modeling and Control in Real Time Digital Simulator. In Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP 2009), Capri, Italy, 9–11 June 2009; pp. 29–34. [CrossRef] 10. Li, W.; Joós, G.; Bélanger, J. Real-Time Simulation of a Wind Turbine Generator Coupled with a Battery Supercapacitor Energy Storage System. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 2010, 57, 1137–1145. [CrossRef] 11. Mohamed, A.; Mohammed, O. Real-Time Energy Management Scheme for Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems in Smart Grid Applications. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 2013, 96, 133–143. [CrossRef] 12. Peña, R.; Medina, A. Real Time Simulation of a Power System Including Renewable Energy Sources. In Proceedings of the 2012 North American Power Symposium (NAPS 2012), Champaign, IL, USA, 9–11 September 2012. [CrossRef] 13. Gibson, I.; Rosen, D.W.; Stucker, B. Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Rapid Prototyping to Direct Digital Manufacturing; Springer: Berlin, Germany, 2010. [CrossRef] 14. Chinchilla, M.; Arnaltes, S.; Burgos, J.C. Control of Permanent-Magnet Generators Applied to Variable-Speed Wind-Energy Systems Connected to the Grid. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. 2006, 21, 130–135. [CrossRef] 15. Agarwal, V.; Aggarwal, R.K.; Patidar, P.; Patki, C. A Novel Scheme for Rapid Tracking of Maximum Power Point in Wind Energy Generation Systems. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. 2010, 25, 228–236. [CrossRef] 16. Lin, W.-M.; Hong, C.-M. Intelligent Approach to Maximum Power Point Tracking Control Strategy for Variable-Speed Wind Turbine Generation System. Energy 2010, 35, 2440–2447. [CrossRef] 17. Antonishen, M.P.; Han, H.Y.; Brekken, T.K.A.; Von Jouanne, A.; Yokochi, A.; Halamay, D.A.; Song, J.; Naviaux, D.B.; Davidson, J.D.; Bistrika, A. A Methodology to Enable Wind Farm Participation in Automatic Generation Control Using Energy Storage Devices. In Proceedings of the IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, San Diego, CA, USA, 22–26 July 2012. [CrossRef] 18. Selvamuthukumaran, R.; Gupta, R. Rapid Prototyping of Power Electronics Converters for Photovoltaic System Application Using Xilinx System Generator. IET Power Electron. 2014, 7, 2269–2278. [CrossRef] 19. Rahim, N.A.; Mekhilef, S. Implementation of Three-Phase Grid Connected Inverter for Photovoltaic Solar Power Generation System. 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