Environmental performance evaluation of warm mix asphalt with recycled concrete aggregate for road pavements
A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was undertaken to compare the potential environmental impacts associated with the use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) as a partial replacement of natural aggregates in the production of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA), with those of a conventional Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). The...
- Autores:
-
Araujo Vega, Daniela L.
Santos, Joao
Martinez Arguelles, Gilberto
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/13632
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13632
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Life cycle assessment (LCA)
Warm mix asphalt (WMA)
Hot mix asphalt (HMA)
Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA)
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
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Environmental performance evaluation of warm mix asphalt with recycled concrete aggregate for road pavements |
| title |
Environmental performance evaluation of warm mix asphalt with recycled concrete aggregate for road pavements |
| spellingShingle |
Environmental performance evaluation of warm mix asphalt with recycled concrete aggregate for road pavements Life cycle assessment (LCA) Warm mix asphalt (WMA) Hot mix asphalt (HMA) Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) |
| title_short |
Environmental performance evaluation of warm mix asphalt with recycled concrete aggregate for road pavements |
| title_full |
Environmental performance evaluation of warm mix asphalt with recycled concrete aggregate for road pavements |
| title_fullStr |
Environmental performance evaluation of warm mix asphalt with recycled concrete aggregate for road pavements |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Environmental performance evaluation of warm mix asphalt with recycled concrete aggregate for road pavements |
| title_sort |
Environmental performance evaluation of warm mix asphalt with recycled concrete aggregate for road pavements |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Araujo Vega, Daniela L. Santos, Joao Martinez Arguelles, Gilberto |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Araujo Vega, Daniela L. Santos, Joao Martinez Arguelles, Gilberto |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Life cycle assessment (LCA) Warm mix asphalt (WMA) Hot mix asphalt (HMA) Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) |
| topic |
Life cycle assessment (LCA) Warm mix asphalt (WMA) Hot mix asphalt (HMA) Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) |
| description |
A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was undertaken to compare the potential environmental impacts associated with the use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) as a partial replacement of natural aggregates in the production of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA), with those of a conventional Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). The LCA was conducted according to the ‘cradle-to-laid’ approach, including four pavement LCA phases. Three percentages of RCA replacement for natural coarse aggregates in WMA were considered: 15, 30 and 45%. The results of laboratory tests were used as inputs in the design of pavement structures with different percentages of RCA for typical Colombian pavement design conditions. Primary data and SimaPro 8.4.0 software were used in modelling the processes analysed in the case study. All the life cycle inputs and outputs related to the functional unit were characterised according to the impact assessment methodology TRACI v.2.1. The results show that the potential environmental benefits arising from the combined effect of reducing the consumption of natural aggregates and reduced mixing temperature are offset by the reduced performance and the increased optimum asphalt content when incorporating RCA in WMA. The highest relative increase in the environmental impacts, at 29%, was observed in the Ecotoxicity impact category. |
| publishDate |
2022 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-05-31 |
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2024-11-05T12:43:07Z |
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2024-11-05T12:43:07Z |
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Artículo de revista |
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Daniela L. Vega Araujo, Joao Santos & Gilberto Martinez-Arguelles (2023) Environmental performance evaluation of warm mix asphalt with recycled concrete aggregate for road pavements, International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 24:2, 2064999, DOI: 10.1080/10298436.2022.2064999 |
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1029-8436 |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13632 |
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10.1080/10298436.2022.2064999 |
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1477-268X |
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Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
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REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
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https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
| identifier_str_mv |
Daniela L. Vega Araujo, Joao Santos & Gilberto Martinez-Arguelles (2023) Environmental performance evaluation of warm mix asphalt with recycled concrete aggregate for road pavements, International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 24:2, 2064999, DOI: 10.1080/10298436.2022.2064999 1029-8436 10.1080/10298436.2022.2064999 1477-268X Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13632 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
| dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.ispartofjournal.none.fl_str_mv |
International Journal of Pavement Engineering |
| dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv |
Androjić, I., et al., 2020. Analysis of impact of aggregate moisture content on energy demand during the production of hot mix asphalt (HMA). Journal of Cleaner Production, 244. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118868. Al-Bayati, H.K.A., Tighe, S.L., and Achebe, J., 2018. Influence of recycled concrete aggregate on volumetric properties of hot mix asphalt. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 130, 200–214. doi:10.1016/j. resconrec.2017.11.027 Balaguera, A., et al., 2018. Life cycle assessment of road construction alternative materials: a literature review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.01.003. Bare, J, 2012. Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and O ther Environmental Impacts (TRACI), Version 2.1 – User’s Manual. EPA/600/R-12/554. Bressi, S., et al., 2019. A comparative environmental impact analysis of asphalt mixtures containing crumb rubber and reclaimed asphalt pavement using life cycle assessment. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, doi:10.1080/10298436.2019.1623404. Cao, R., et al., 2019. Comparative life cycle assessment of warm mix technologies in asphalt rubber pavements with uncertainty analysis. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2019. 04.031. Castro, A., et al., 2019. Mechanical properties of Cold recycled Bituminous mixes with crumb rubber. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 471, 102044. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/471/10/102044. Cheraghian, G., et al., 2020. Warm mix asphalt technology: an up to date review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 268, 122128. doi:10.1016/j. jclepro.2020.122128. Clavreul, J., Guyonnet, D., and Christensen, T.H, 2012. Quantifying uncertainty in LCA-modelling of waste management systems. Waste Management, 32, 2482–2495. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2012.07.008. Colangelo, F., et al., 2018. Life cycle assessment of recycled concretes : a case study in southern Italy. Science of The Total Environment, 615, 1506–1517. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.107. EAPA, 2010. The Use of Warm Mix Asphalt. Draft EAPA Position Pap. European Commission – Joint Research Centre – Institute for Environment and Sustainability, 2010. International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD) Handbook – General guide for Life Cycle Assessment – Detailed guidance, Constraints. Farooq, M.A., Mir, M.S., and Sharma, A, 2018. Laboratory study on use of RAP in WMA pavements using rejuvenator. Construction and Building Materials, 168, 61–72. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.079. Federal Highway Administration Research and Technology, 2016. User Guidelines for Waste and Byproduct Materials in Pavement Construction [WWW Document]. Guo, M., et al., 2020. Effect of WMA-RAP technology on pavement performance of asphalt mixture: a state-of-the-art review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 266, 121704. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121704. Harvey, J.T., et al., 2016. Pavement Life Cycle Assessment Framework. (No. FHWA-HIF-16-014). United States. Federal Highway Administration. Hasan, U., Whyte, A., and Al, H, 2020. Life cycle assessment of roadworks in United Arab Emirates : recycled construction waste, reclaimed asphalt pavement, warm-mix asphalt and blast furnace slag use against traditional approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 257, 120531. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120531. Hoxha, E., et al., 2021. Life cycle assessment of roads : exploring research trends and harmonization challenges. Science of The Total Environment, 759, 143506. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143506. INVIAS, 2013. Secciones 700 y 800 – Materiales y mezclas asfálticas y prospección de pavimentos (Primera parte). INVIAS, 2014a. CAPÍTULO 3 - AFIRMADOS, SUBBASES Y BASES. INVIAS, 2014b. Capítulo 4 – Pavimentos Asfálticos. INVIAS, I.N. de V., 2008. Guía Metodológica para el Diseño de obras de rehabilitación de pavimentos asfálticos de carreteras, Segunda ed. ed. Bogotá D. C. ISO 14040, 2007. Environment management- Life cycle assessmentPrinciples and framework. ISO, 2006. Environmental Management-Life Cycle AssessmentRequirements and Guidelines. https://doi.org/2009. Jamshidi, A., et al., 2018. Estimating correlations between rheological characteristics, engineering properties, and CO 2 emissions of warmmix asphalt. Journal of Cleaner Production, 189, 635–646. doi:10. 1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.087. Jiang, R., and Wu, P, 2019. Estimation of environmental impacts of roads through life cycle assessment : a critical review and future directions. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 77, 148–163. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2019.10.010. Ma, H., et al., 2019. A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) and Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) pavement : a case study in China. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2019. Article ID 9391857, 12 Marinković, S., et al., 2010. Comparative environmental assessment of natural and recycled aggregate concrete. Waste Management, 30, 2255–2264. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2010.04.012. Martinho, F.C.G., Picado-Santos, L.G., and y Capitão, S.D., 2018. Influence of recycled concrete and steel slag aggregates on warm-mix asphalt properties. Construction and Building Materials, 185, 684– 696. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.041. Martinez-Arguelles, G., et al., 2019a. Life cycle assessment of natural and recycled concrete aggregate production for road pavements applications in the northern region of Colombia : case study. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2673, 397–406 Martinez-Arguelles, G., et al., 2019b. Characterization of recycled concrete aggregate as potential replacement of natural aggregate in asphalt pavement. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 471, 102045. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/471/10/102045. Mills-Beale, J., and You, Z, 2010. The mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures with recycled concrete aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 24, 230–235. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.08.046. Nizamuddin, S., et al., 2021. Recycling of low-value packaging films in bitumen blends: a grey-based multi criteria decision making approach considering a set of laboratory performance and environmental impact indicators. Science of The Total Environment, 778, 146187. doi:10.1016/ j.scitotenv.2021.146187. Paranavithana, S., and Mohajerani, A, 2006. Effects of recycled concrete aggregates on properties of asphalt concrete. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 48, 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2005.12.009. Pasandín, A.R., and Pérez, I, 2014. Effect of ageing time on properties of hot-mix asphalt containing recycled concrete aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 52, 284–293. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013. 11.050. Pasandín, A. R., and Pérez, I, 2015. Characterisation of recycled concrete aggregates when used in asphalt concrete: a technical literature review. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 19, 917–930. doi:10.1080/19648189.2014.985850. Pérez, I., et al., 2010. Asphalt mixtures with construction and demolition debris. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers – Transport, 163, 165–174. doi:10.1680/tran.2010.163.1.1. PRé Consultants, 2014. SimaPro [WWW Document]. Reyes, F., and Delgado, J, 1998. Programa CEDEM Rosado, L.P., et al., 2017. Life cycle assessment of natural and mixed recycled aggregate production in Brazil. Journal of Cleaner Production, 151, 634–642. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.03.068. Rubio, M.C., et al., 2012. Warm Mix Asphalt: an overview. Journal of Cleaner Production, 24, 76–84. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.11.053. Santos, J., et al., 2018a. Life cycle assessment of low temperature asphalt mixtures for road pavement surfaces: a comparative analysis. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 138, 283–297. doi:10.1016/j. resconrec.2018.07.012. Santos, J., et al., 2021. Recycling waste plastics in roads: a life-cycle assessment study using primary data. Science of The Total Environment, 751, 141842. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141842. Santos, J., Cerezo, V., Soudani, K., Bressi, S., 2018b. A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Hot mixes Asphalt Containing Bituminous binder modified with waste and virgin polymers, in: Procedia CIRP. Elsevier B.V., pp. 194–199. doi:10.1016/j.procir.2017.11.046 Santos, J., Pizzol, M., Azarijafari, H., 2022. 14 – Life cycle assessment (LCA) of using recycled plastic waste in road pavements: theoretical modeling, in: Giustozzi, F., Nizamuddin, S.B.T.-P.W. for S.A.R. (Eds.), Woodhead Publishing Series in Civil and structural engineering. Woodhead Publishing, pp. 273–302. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323- 85789-5.00014-9 Schrijvers, D.L., Loubet, P., and Sonnemann, G, 2016. Critical review of guidelines against a systematic framework with regard to consistency on allocation procedures for recycling in LCA. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, doi:10.1007/s11367-016-1069-x. Shanbara, H.K., et al., 2021. The future of eco-friendly cold mix asphalt. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 149, 111318. doi:10.1016/j. rser.2021.111318. Sharaai, A.H., Mahmood, N.Z., and Healt, S, 2010. Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) using TRACI methodology : an analysis of potential impact on potable water production. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4, 4313–4322. Shi, X., et al., 2019. Economic input-output life cycle assessment of concrete pavement containing recycled concrete aggregate. Journal of Cleaner Production, 225, 414–425. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.288 Shi, X., Mukhopadhyay, A., and Zollinger, D, 2018. Sustainability assessment for portland cement concrete pavement containing reclaimed asphalt pavement aggregates. Journal of Cleaner Production, 192, 569–581. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.004. Tahmoorian, F., et al., 2019. Life cycle assessment of hot mix asphalt containing recycled materials: case study in Australia. Airf. Highw. Pavements 2019 Innov. Sustain. Highw. Airf. Pavement Technol. 143–149. Tahmoorian, F., and Samali, B, 2018. Laboratory investigations on the utilization of RCA in asphalt mixtures. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 11, 627–638. doi:10.1016/j.ijprt. 2018.05.002. Thenoux, G., González, Á., and Dowling, R, 2007. Energy consumption comparison for different asphalt pavements rehabilitation techniques used in Chile. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 49, 325–339. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2006.02.005. Toraldo, E., Martinez-Arguelles, G., and Mariani, E, 2014. Effect of reinforced fibers on stiffness of recycled asphalt half-warm emulsion mixes. Sustain. Eco-Efficiency Conserv. Transp. Infrastruct. Asset Manag. – Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Tranportation Infrastructure, ICTI 2014 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1201/b16730-10. Vandewalle, D., et al., 2020. Assessment of eco-friendly pavement construction and maintenance using multi-recycled rap mixtures. Recycling, doi:10.3390/recycling5030017. Vega A., D. L., Martinez-Arguelles, G., and Santos, J., 2019. Life cycle assessment of Warm Mix Asphalt with recycled concrete aggregate. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 603, 052016. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/603/5/052016. Vega A., D. L., Santos, J., and Martinez-Arguelles, G, 2022. Life cycle assessment of hot mix asphalt with recycled concrete aggregates for road pavements construction. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 23 (4), 923–936. doi:10.1080/10298436.2020.1778694. Vidal, R., et al., 2013. Life cycle assessment of hot mix asphalt and zeolitebased warm mix asphalt with reclaimed asphalt pavement. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 74, 101–114. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec. 2013.02.018. West, R., et al., 2014. Field Performance of Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies (National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report No. 779). https://doi.org/10.17226/22272. Xiao, F., et al., 2016. Superpave evaluation of higher RAP contents using WMA technologies. Construction and Building Materials, 112, 1080– 1087. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.024. Zgola, M., Bare, J., and Rosenbaum, R.K, 2014. Updated US and Canadian normalization factors for TRACI 2.1 329–339. doi:10.1007/s10098- 013-0629-z. Zhang, Z., et al., 2016. Key performance properties of asphalt mixtures with recycled concrete aggregate from low strength concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 126, 711–719. doi:10.1016/j. conbuildmat.2016.07.009. Zulkati, A., Wong, Y.D., and Sun, D.D, 2013. Mechanistic performance of asphalt-concrete mixture incorporating coarse recycled concrete aggregate. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 25, 1299–1305. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000668. |
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)© 2023 The Author(s).https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Araujo Vega, Daniela L.Santos, JoaoMartinez Arguelles, Gilberto2024-11-05T12:43:07Z2024-11-05T12:43:07Z2022-05-31Daniela L. Vega Araujo, Joao Santos & Gilberto Martinez-Arguelles (2023) Environmental performance evaluation of warm mix asphalt with recycled concrete aggregate for road pavements, International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 24:2, 2064999, DOI: 10.1080/10298436.2022.20649991029-8436https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1363210.1080/10298436.2022.20649991477-268XCorporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was undertaken to compare the potential environmental impacts associated with the use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) as a partial replacement of natural aggregates in the production of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA), with those of a conventional Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). The LCA was conducted according to the ‘cradle-to-laid’ approach, including four pavement LCA phases. Three percentages of RCA replacement for natural coarse aggregates in WMA were considered: 15, 30 and 45%. The results of laboratory tests were used as inputs in the design of pavement structures with different percentages of RCA for typical Colombian pavement design conditions. Primary data and SimaPro 8.4.0 software were used in modelling the processes analysed in the case study. All the life cycle inputs and outputs related to the functional unit were characterised according to the impact assessment methodology TRACI v.2.1. The results show that the potential environmental benefits arising from the combined effect of reducing the consumption of natural aggregates and reduced mixing temperature are offset by the reduced performance and the increased optimum asphalt content when incorporating RCA in WMA. The highest relative increase in the environmental impacts, at 29%, was observed in the Ecotoxicity impact category.15 páginasapplication/pdfengTaylor and Francis Ltd.United Kingdomhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10298436.2022.2064999#abstractEnvironmental performance evaluation of warm mix asphalt with recycled concrete aggregate for road pavementsArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85International Journal of Pavement EngineeringAndrojić, I., et al., 2020. Analysis of impact of aggregate moisture content on energy demand during the production of hot mix asphalt (HMA). Journal of Cleaner Production, 244. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118868.Al-Bayati, H.K.A., Tighe, S.L., and Achebe, J., 2018. Influence of recycled concrete aggregate on volumetric properties of hot mix asphalt. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 130, 200–214. doi:10.1016/j. resconrec.2017.11.027Balaguera, A., et al., 2018. Life cycle assessment of road construction alternative materials: a literature review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.01.003.Bare, J, 2012. Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and O ther Environmental Impacts (TRACI), Version 2.1 – User’s Manual. EPA/600/R-12/554.Bressi, S., et al., 2019. A comparative environmental impact analysis of asphalt mixtures containing crumb rubber and reclaimed asphalt pavement using life cycle assessment. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, doi:10.1080/10298436.2019.1623404.Cao, R., et al., 2019. Comparative life cycle assessment of warm mix technologies in asphalt rubber pavements with uncertainty analysis. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2019. 04.031.Castro, A., et al., 2019. Mechanical properties of Cold recycled Bituminous mixes with crumb rubber. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 471, 102044. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/471/10/102044.Cheraghian, G., et al., 2020. Warm mix asphalt technology: an up to date review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 268, 122128. doi:10.1016/j. jclepro.2020.122128.Clavreul, J., Guyonnet, D., and Christensen, T.H, 2012. Quantifying uncertainty in LCA-modelling of waste management systems. Waste Management, 32, 2482–2495. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2012.07.008.Colangelo, F., et al., 2018. Life cycle assessment of recycled concretes : a case study in southern Italy. Science of The Total Environment, 615, 1506–1517. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.107.EAPA, 2010. The Use of Warm Mix Asphalt. Draft EAPA Position Pap.European Commission – Joint Research Centre – Institute for Environment and Sustainability, 2010. 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Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 25, 1299–1305. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000668.151224Life cycle assessment (LCA)Warm mix asphalt (WMA)Hot mix asphalt (HMA)Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA)PublicationORIGINALEnvironmental performance evaluation of warm mix asphalt with recycled concrete aggregate for road pavements.pdfEnvironmental performance evaluation of warm mix asphalt with recycled concrete aggregate for road pavements.pdfapplication/pdf4330929https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/da8b1faf-b9cf-4a4c-8b81-53e43f0c5261/downloada01e374626a491dab41b5f9930e5deceMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-815543https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/625a8381-eb45-4a57-a1fd-04db28ca2c2f/download73a5432e0b76442b22b026844140d683MD52TEXTEnvironmental performance evaluation of warm mix asphalt with recycled concrete aggregate for road pavements.pdf.txtEnvironmental performance evaluation of warm mix asphalt with recycled concrete aggregate for road 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ara ejercer estos derechos sobre la Obra tal y como se indica a continuación:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Reproducir la Obra, incorporar la Obra en una o más Obras Colectivas, y reproducir la Obra incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.</li>
    </ol>
    <p>Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Restricciones.
    <p>La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).</li>
      <li>Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.</li>
      <li>Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.</li>
      <li>
        Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
        <ol type="i">
          <li>Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
          <li>Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li>Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Limitación de responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Término.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Varios.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.</li>
      <li>Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.</li>
      <li>Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
</ol>
 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