Evaluación de la contaminación atmosférica exterior por pm, o3 y co sobre la concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos en Mangifera indica L. Y Tabebuia rosea

La contaminación atmosférica exterior es una problemática ambiental que afecta la salud humana y el medio ambiente, especialmente en áreas urbanas. Este estudio evaluó el efecto de la contaminación en las concentraciones de pigmentos fotosintéticos en las especies Tabebuia rosea y Mangifera indica L...

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Autores:: Martes Trujillo, Alexa Vivian

Tipo de recurso:: Trabajo de grado de pregrado

Fecha de publicación:: 2024

Institución:: Corporación Universidad de la Costa

Repositorio:: REDICUC - Repositorio CUC

Idioma:: spa

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network_name_str	REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv	Evaluación de la contaminación atmosférica exterior por pm, o3 y co sobre la concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos en Mangifera indica L. Y Tabebuia rosea
title	Evaluación de la contaminación atmosférica exterior por pm, o3 y co sobre la concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos en Mangifera indica L. Y Tabebuia rosea
spellingShingle	Evaluación de la contaminación atmosférica exterior por pm, o3 y co sobre la concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos en Mangifera indica L. Y Tabebuia rosea Clorofila Clorofila Contaminación atmosférica Contaminación atmosférica Chlorophyll Carotenoids Air pollution Biomonitor
title_short	Evaluación de la contaminación atmosférica exterior por pm, o3 y co sobre la concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos en Mangifera indica L. Y Tabebuia rosea
title_full	Evaluación de la contaminación atmosférica exterior por pm, o3 y co sobre la concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos en Mangifera indica L. Y Tabebuia rosea
title_fullStr	Evaluación de la contaminación atmosférica exterior por pm, o3 y co sobre la concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos en Mangifera indica L. Y Tabebuia rosea
title_full_unstemmed	Evaluación de la contaminación atmosférica exterior por pm, o3 y co sobre la concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos en Mangifera indica L. Y Tabebuia rosea
title_sort	Evaluación de la contaminación atmosférica exterior por pm, o3 y co sobre la concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos en Mangifera indica L. Y Tabebuia rosea
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Martes Trujillo, Alexa Vivian
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv	Schneider Ismael, Luis Moreno Ríos Andrea, Liliana
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv	Martes Trujillo, Alexa Vivian
dc.contributor.jury.none.fl_str_mv	Franco, Dison Gindri , Claudete Rodriguez, Rodrigo
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv	Clorofila Clorofila Contaminación atmosférica Contaminación atmosférica
topic	Clorofila Clorofila Contaminación atmosférica Contaminación atmosférica Chlorophyll Carotenoids Air pollution Biomonitor
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv	Chlorophyll Carotenoids Air pollution Biomonitor
description	La contaminación atmosférica exterior es una problemática ambiental que afecta la salud humana y el medio ambiente, especialmente en áreas urbanas. Este estudio evaluó el efecto de la contaminación en las concentraciones de pigmentos fotosintéticos en las especies Tabebuia rosea y Mangifera indica L en un área con alto tráfico vehicular (Escuela de Policía Antonio Nariño) y otra con bajo tráfico (Parque Las Tres Ave Marías), durante las épocas lluviosa (septiembre-noviembre de 2019) y seca (diciembre de 2019 - febrero de 2020). Los datos meteorológicos y las concentraciones de material particulado (PM10 y PM2.5), ozono troposférico (O3) y monóxido de carbono (CO), fueron proporcionados por EPA Barranquilla Verde. La concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos clorofila a, clorofila b y carotenoides fue determinada por espectrometría a longitudes de onda de 664, 649 y 470 nm, respectivamente. Los resultados mostraron que el CO tuvo picos en época lluviosa en áreas de mayor tráfico, mientras que el PM alcanzó concentraciones más altas en época seca. El O₃ presentó poca variabilidad entre las estaciones. La clorofila a presentó mayores concentraciones en Tabebuia rosea en la época lluviosa, mientras que los carotenoides se mantuvieron estables en ambas especies. Las correlaciones revelaron que altos niveles de O₃ afectan negativamente la fotosíntesis en Tabebuia rosea. Estos hallazgos sugieren que Tabebuia rosea y Mangifera indica pueden utilizarse como biomonitores de calidad del aire, proporcionando una base para futuros estudios y estrategias de reforestación que promuevan la conservación y mejoren la calidad del aire en el área de estudio.
publishDate	2024
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2024-12-02T22:49:04Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2024-12-02T22:49:04Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2024
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv	Trabajo de grado - Pregrado
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.content.none.fl_str_mv	Text
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.redcol.none.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
status_str	acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv	https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13872
dc.identifier.instname.none.fl_str_mv	Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.none.fl_str_mv	REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv	https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
url	https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13872 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv	Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv	spa
language	spa
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spelling	Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Schneider Ismael, LuisMoreno Ríos Andrea, LilianaMartes Trujillo, Alexa VivianFranco, DisonGindri , ClaudeteRodriguez, Rodrigo2024-12-02T22:49:04Z2024-12-02T22:49:04Z2024https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13872Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/La contaminación atmosférica exterior es una problemática ambiental que afecta la salud humana y el medio ambiente, especialmente en áreas urbanas. Este estudio evaluó el efecto de la contaminación en las concentraciones de pigmentos fotosintéticos en las especies Tabebuia rosea y Mangifera indica L en un área con alto tráfico vehicular (Escuela de Policía Antonio Nariño) y otra con bajo tráfico (Parque Las Tres Ave Marías), durante las épocas lluviosa (septiembre-noviembre de 2019) y seca (diciembre de 2019 - febrero de 2020). Los datos meteorológicos y las concentraciones de material particulado (PM10 y PM2.5), ozono troposférico (O3) y monóxido de carbono (CO), fueron proporcionados por EPA Barranquilla Verde. La concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos clorofila a, clorofila b y carotenoides fue determinada por espectrometría a longitudes de onda de 664, 649 y 470 nm, respectivamente. Los resultados mostraron que el CO tuvo picos en época lluviosa en áreas de mayor tráfico, mientras que el PM alcanzó concentraciones más altas en época seca. El O₃ presentó poca variabilidad entre las estaciones. La clorofila a presentó mayores concentraciones en Tabebuia rosea en la época lluviosa, mientras que los carotenoides se mantuvieron estables en ambas especies. Las correlaciones revelaron que altos niveles de O₃ afectan negativamente la fotosíntesis en Tabebuia rosea. Estos hallazgos sugieren que Tabebuia rosea y Mangifera indica pueden utilizarse como biomonitores de calidad del aire, proporcionando una base para futuros estudios y estrategias de reforestación que promuevan la conservación y mejoren la calidad del aire en el área de estudio.Outdoor air pollution is an environmental problem that affects human health and the environment, especially in urban areas. This study evaluated the effect of pollution on the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments in the species Tabebuia rosea and Mangifera indica L. in an area with high vehicular traffic (Antonio Nariño Police School) and another with low traffic (Las Tres Ave Marías Park), during the rainy (September-November 2019) and dry seasons (December 2019 - February 2020). Meteorological data and concentrations of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), tropospheric ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO) were provided by EPA Barranquilla Verde. The concentration of photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids was determined by spectrometry at wavelengths of 664, 649, and 470 nm, respectively. The results showed that CO peaked during the rainy season in areas with high traffic, while PM reached higher concentrations during the dry season. O₃ showed little variability between seasons. Chlorophyll showed a higher concentration in Tabebuia rosea during the rainy season, while carotenoids remained stable in both species. Correlations revealed that high levels of O₃ negatively affect photosynthesis in Tabebuia rosea. These findings suggest that Tabebuia rosea and Mangifera indica can be used as air quality biomonitors, providing a basis for future studies and reforestation strategies that promote conservation and improve air quality in the study area.Lista de tablas 8--Resumen 6--Introducción 14--Planteamiento del problema 17--Justificación 20--Objetivos 23--Marco teórico 24--Contaminación del aire 24--Contaminantes atmosféricos 25--Biomonitoreo de calidad de aire 34--Pigmentos fotosintéticos 36--Clorofila 37--Carotenoides 39--Estado del arte 41--Metodología 47--Área de estudio 47--Diseño de muestreo 49--Periodo y frecuencia de muestreo 49--Especies seleccionadas 49--Elección y ubicación de los puntos de muestreo 52--Fase de campo 53--Identificación y selección de las hojas 53--Toma de muestras 54--Fase de laboratorio 55--Extracción de los pigmentos fotosintéticos 55--Lectura por método de espectrofotometría 55--Lector de microplacas Berthold multimodo TriStar² S LB 942 56--Cálculo de las concentraciones de los pigmentos fotosintéticos 57--Información de contaminantes atmosféricos y parámetros meteorológicos 58--Fuente de datos 58--Validación de datos 58--Análisis estadístico 59--Estadística descriptiva 59--Correlación de Spearman 60--Resultados y discusión 61--Reporte de variables estudiadas 61--Parámetros meteorológicos 62--Contaminantes atmosféricos 73--Pigmentos fotosintéticos 89--Correlación de pigmentos fotosintéticos con contaminantes atmosféricos 97--Las especies evaluadas como biomonitores de calidad de aire 108--Conclusiones 109--Recomendaciones 112--Referencias 114Ingeniero(a) CivilPregrado146 páginasapplication/pdfspaCorporación Universidad de la CostaCivil y AmbientalBarranquilla, ColombiaIngeniería CivilEvaluación de la contaminación atmosférica exterior por pm, o3 y co sobre la concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos en Mangifera indica L. 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"Effect of Low Temperature on Chlorophyll Biosynthesis and Chloroplast Biogenesis of Rice Seedlings during Greening" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 4: 1390. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041390ClorofilaClorofilaContaminación atmosféricaContaminación atmosféricaChlorophyllCarotenoidsAir pollutionBiomonitorPublicationORIGINALEvaluación de la contaminación atmosférica exterior por pm, o3 y co sobre la concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos en Mangifera indica L. Y Tabebuia rosea .pdfEvaluación de la contaminación atmosférica exterior por pm, o3 y co sobre la concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos en Mangifera indica L. 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Y Tabebuia rosea .pdf.jpgEvaluación de la contaminación atmosférica exterior por pm, o3 y co sobre la concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos en Mangifera indica L. 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ara ejercer estos derechos sobre la Obra tal y como se indica a continuación:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Reproducir la Obra, incorporar la Obra en una o más Obras Colectivas, y reproducir la Obra incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.</li>
    </ol>
    <p>Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Restricciones.
    <p>La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).</li>
      <li>Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.</li>
      <li>Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.</li>
      <li>
        Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
        <ol type="i">
          <li>Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
          <li>Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li>Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Limitación de responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Término.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Varios.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.</li>
      <li>Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.</li>
      <li>Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
</ol>


Evaluación de la contaminación atmosférica exterior por pm, o3 y co sobre la concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos en Mangifera indica L. Y Tabebuia rosea

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