Predictive variables for agile development merging cloud computing services

Cloud Technology is a most challenging modern area in the field of modern technologies in whichassets(e.g.,CPUandcapacity)canberentedanddischargedbytheclientsthroughinterneton-demand basis. The cloud computing has been giving virtual computing services to a little, medium and extensive industries, an...

Full description

Autores:
Aziz Butt, Shariq
Tariq, Muhammad Imran
Jamal, Tauseef
Ali, Arshad
Martínez-Díaz, Jorge
De-La-Hoz-Franco, Emiro
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2019
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/5658
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/5658
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Agile-cloud computing
Industries adoption
Challenges and future directions
Rights
openAccess
License
CC0 1.0 Universal
id RCUC2_a7587f48bdc480838317f84ad0f20749
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/5658
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Predictive variables for agile development merging cloud computing services
title Predictive variables for agile development merging cloud computing services
spellingShingle Predictive variables for agile development merging cloud computing services
Agile-cloud computing
Industries adoption
Challenges and future directions
title_short Predictive variables for agile development merging cloud computing services
title_full Predictive variables for agile development merging cloud computing services
title_fullStr Predictive variables for agile development merging cloud computing services
title_full_unstemmed Predictive variables for agile development merging cloud computing services
title_sort Predictive variables for agile development merging cloud computing services
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Aziz Butt, Shariq
Tariq, Muhammad Imran
Jamal, Tauseef
Ali, Arshad
Martínez-Díaz, Jorge
De-La-Hoz-Franco, Emiro
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Aziz Butt, Shariq
Tariq, Muhammad Imran
Jamal, Tauseef
Ali, Arshad
Martínez-Díaz, Jorge
De-La-Hoz-Franco, Emiro
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Agile-cloud computing
Industries adoption
Challenges and future directions
topic Agile-cloud computing
Industries adoption
Challenges and future directions
description Cloud Technology is a most challenging modern area in the field of modern technologies in whichassets(e.g.,CPUandcapacity)canberentedanddischargedbytheclientsthroughinterneton-demand basis. The cloud computing has been giving virtual computing services to a little, medium and extensive industries, and services, for example, infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and softwareasaservice(SaaS).Cloudcomputinghasagreatcombinationwiththeagilesoftwaredevelopment as a research area. Many researchers worked in Agile Cloud field. The software industries are using the agile methodology for efficient software development need some platform to get quick feedback from the client. Therefore, the agile-cloud is a great combination for it but due to security reasons that directly influence the less adoption of cloud in software industries. This paper reports the survey results of software industries. The total of seven IT industries and many professionals was involved in this paper. However, this paper also contributes and reveals how existing issues can affect agile-cloud adoption for efficient software development. Furthermore, we do not find any type of survey conducted in Pakistan’s software industries-related to cloud-agile adoption.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2019-11-14T22:52:20Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2019-11-14T22:52:20Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2019-08-07
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 2169-3536
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/5658
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv 2169-3536
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/5658
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartof.spa.fl_str_mv 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2929169
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv [1] H. M. Sabi, F.-M. E. Uzoka, K. Langmia, and F. N. Njeh, ‘‘Conceptualizing a model for adoption of cloud computing in education,’’ Int. J. Inf. Manage., vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 183–191, Apr. 2016. [2] T. Ercan, ‘‘Effective use of cloud computing in educational institutions,’’ Procedia-Social Behav. Sci., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 938–942, Jan. 2010. [3] L. G. Tornatzky, and M. Fleischer, Processes of Technological Innovation. Lexington, MA, USA: Lexington Books, 1990. [4] A.Albugmi,R.Walters,andG.Wills,‘‘Aframeworkforcloudcomputing adoption by Saudi government overseas agencies,’’ in Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Future Gener. Commun. Technol. (FGCT), Aug. 2016, pp. 1–5. [5] S. Mingxing, P. Long, and F. Yanan, ‘‘Empirical study on alignment of cloudcomputinginenterprises,’’inProc.Int.Conf.Cyber-EnabledDistrib. Comput. Knowl. Discovery, Sep. 2015, pp. 268–272. [6] A. D. Josep, R. Katz, A. Konwinski, L. E. Gunho, D. Patterson, and A. Rabkin, ‘‘A view of cloud computing,’’ Commun. ACM, vol. 53, no. 4, p. 50, Apr. 2010. [7] Q.-M. Xia, B.-Q. Cao, and B. Li, A Service-Oriented QoS-Assured and Multi-Agent Cloud Computing Architecture. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2009, pp. 644–649. [8] A. D. Veiga and J. H. P. Eloff, ‘‘An information security governance framework,’’ Inf. Syst. Manage., vol. 24, no. 4 pp. 361–372, Oct. 2007. [9] Cloud Security Alliance. (2009). Security Guidance for Critical Areas of Focus in Cloud Computing. [Online]. Available: https:// cloudsecurityalliance.org/csaguide [10] S. K. Sood, ‘‘A combined approach to ensure data security in cloud computing,’’J.Netw.Comput.Appl.,vol.35,no.6,pp.1831–1838,Nov.2012. [11] F. Liu, J. Tong, J. Mao, and Robert, ‘‘NIST cloud computing reference architecture,’’ Nat. Inst. Standards Technol., Gaithersburg, MD, USA, Sep. 2011. [12] K. E. Voelkl and S. B. Gerber, ‘‘Regression analysis,’’ in Using SPSS for Windows. Springer, 1999, pp. 171–194. [13] B. Lawal, ‘‘Regression analysis,’’ in Applied Statistical Methods in Agriculture, Health and Life Sciences. Springer, 2014, pp. 217–306. [14] G. Raj, K. Yadav, and A. Jaiswal, ‘‘Emphasis on testing assimilation usingcloudcomputingforimprovisedagileSCRUMframework,’’inProc. Int. Conf. Futuristic Trends Comput. Anal. Knowl. Manage. (ABLAZE), Feb. 2015, pp. 219–225. [15] B. Ratner. The Correlation Coefficient: Definition. Accessed:Nov.2,2016.[Online].Available:http://www.dmstat1.com/res/ thecorrelationcoefficientdefined.html [16] J. Neter, W. Wasserman, and M. H. Kutner, Applied Linear Regression Models. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 2004. [17] E. Adriano and D. Lucrédio, ‘‘Software engineering for the cloud: A research roadmap,’’ in Proc. 26th Brazilian Symp. Softw. Eng., Sep. 2012, pp. 71–80. [18] S.Dhar,‘‘Fromoutsourcingtocloudcomputing:EvolutionofITservices,’’ Manage. Res. Rev., vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 664–675, Jul. 2012. [19] N. Alkhater, R. Walters, and G. Wills, ‘‘An empirical study of factors influencing cloud adoption among private sector organisations,’’ Telematics Inform., vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 38–54, Apr. 2018. [20] S. Venkatraman and B. Wadhwa, ‘‘Cloud computing a research roadmap incoalescencewithsoftwareengineering,’’Softw.Eng.,Int.J.vol.2,no.2, p. 2, Sep. 2012. [21] S. A. Butt, ‘‘Study of agile methodology with the cloud,’’ Pacific Sci. Rev. B, Humanities Social Sci., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 22–28, Jan. 2016. [22] A. Lin and N.-C. Chen, ‘‘Cloud computing as an innovation: Percepetion, attitude, and adoption,’’ Int. J. Inf. Manage., vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 533–540, Dec. 2012. [23] A. Gutierrez, E. Boukrami, and R. Lumsden, ‘‘Technological, organisational and environmental factors influencing managers’ decision to adopt cloud computing in the UK,’’ J. Enterprise Inf. Manage., vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 788–807, Oct. 2015. [24] J. F. Hair, C. M. Ringle, and M. Sarstedt, ‘‘PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet,’’ J. Marketing theory Pract., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 139–152, 2011. [25] Institute for Digital Research and Education. Annotated SPSS Output Regression Analysis. Accessed: Nov. 2, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/spss/output/reg_spss_long.htm [26] B. Ratner, ‘‘The correlation coefficient: Definition,’’ DM Stat-1 Articles, vol. 11a, 2007. [27] B. Lawal, Applied Statistical Methods in Agriculture, Health and Life Sciences. Springer, 2014. [28] M. H. Kutner, C. Nachtsheim, and J. Neter, Applied Linear Regression Models. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 2004. [29]M. I. Tariq, S. Tayyaba, H. Rasheed, and M. W. Ashraf, ‘‘Factors influencing the cloud computing adoption in higher education institutions of Punjab, Pakistan,’’ in Proc. Int. Conf. Commun., Comput. Digit. Syst. (C-CODE), Mar. 2017, pp. 179–184. [30] T. Oliveira, M. Thomas, and M. Espadanal, ‘‘Assessing the determinants of cloud computing adoption: An analysis of the manufacturing and services sectors,’’ Inf. Manage., vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 497–510, Jul. 2014. [31] S.A.ButtandT.Jamal,‘‘Frequentchangerequestfromusertohandlecost on project in agile model,’’ Asia–Pacific J. Multidisciplinary Res., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 26–42, 2017.
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv CC0 1.0 Universal
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv CC0 1.0 Universal
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv IEEE Access
institution Corporación Universidad de la Costa
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/39d121ae-03f9-4b7a-9052-c7012a394b8a/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/5e7ad389-7535-452d-84f2-833bea075397/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/65a9d4a4-8c1e-4c2f-bfe1-8d4456eb1fff/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/ae48510f-78aa-4453-811c-bf43b68c74fd/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/c81ccd22-c8c8-44ea-a536-45b391b555cf/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708c
8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33
61898fb1ec545e7117f8055dc9d54a14
6f62b8d53087cef096f3e72d25cfbe8a
6118cf14037e09a2ed0fe010786ba971
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUC
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repdigital@cuc.edu.co
_version_ 1811760746239885312
spelling Aziz Butt, ShariqTariq, Muhammad ImranJamal, TauseefAli, ArshadMartínez-Díaz, JorgeDe-La-Hoz-Franco, Emiro2019-11-14T22:52:20Z2019-11-14T22:52:20Z2019-08-072169-3536https://hdl.handle.net/11323/5658Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Cloud Technology is a most challenging modern area in the field of modern technologies in whichassets(e.g.,CPUandcapacity)canberentedanddischargedbytheclientsthroughinterneton-demand basis. The cloud computing has been giving virtual computing services to a little, medium and extensive industries, and services, for example, infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and softwareasaservice(SaaS).Cloudcomputinghasagreatcombinationwiththeagilesoftwaredevelopment as a research area. Many researchers worked in Agile Cloud field. The software industries are using the agile methodology for efficient software development need some platform to get quick feedback from the client. Therefore, the agile-cloud is a great combination for it but due to security reasons that directly influence the less adoption of cloud in software industries. This paper reports the survey results of software industries. The total of seven IT industries and many professionals was involved in this paper. However, this paper also contributes and reveals how existing issues can affect agile-cloud adoption for efficient software development. Furthermore, we do not find any type of survey conducted in Pakistan’s software industries-related to cloud-agile adoption.Aziz Butt, ShariqTariq, Muhammad Imran-will be generated-orcid-0000-0003-2787-8334-600Jamal, TauseefAli, ArshadMartínez-Díaz, Jorge-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-7161-0389-600De-La-Hoz-Franco, Emiro-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-4926-7414-600engIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2929169[1] H. M. Sabi, F.-M. E. Uzoka, K. Langmia, and F. N. Njeh, ‘‘Conceptualizing a model for adoption of cloud computing in education,’’ Int. J. Inf. Manage., vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 183–191, Apr. 2016. [2] T. Ercan, ‘‘Effective use of cloud computing in educational institutions,’’ Procedia-Social Behav. Sci., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 938–942, Jan. 2010. [3] L. G. Tornatzky, and M. Fleischer, Processes of Technological Innovation. Lexington, MA, USA: Lexington Books, 1990. [4] A.Albugmi,R.Walters,andG.Wills,‘‘Aframeworkforcloudcomputing adoption by Saudi government overseas agencies,’’ in Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Future Gener. Commun. Technol. (FGCT), Aug. 2016, pp. 1–5. [5] S. Mingxing, P. Long, and F. Yanan, ‘‘Empirical study on alignment of cloudcomputinginenterprises,’’inProc.Int.Conf.Cyber-EnabledDistrib. Comput. Knowl. Discovery, Sep. 2015, pp. 268–272. [6] A. D. Josep, R. Katz, A. Konwinski, L. E. Gunho, D. Patterson, and A. Rabkin, ‘‘A view of cloud computing,’’ Commun. ACM, vol. 53, no. 4, p. 50, Apr. 2010. [7] Q.-M. Xia, B.-Q. Cao, and B. Li, A Service-Oriented QoS-Assured and Multi-Agent Cloud Computing Architecture. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2009, pp. 644–649. [8] A. D. Veiga and J. H. P. Eloff, ‘‘An information security governance framework,’’ Inf. Syst. Manage., vol. 24, no. 4 pp. 361–372, Oct. 2007. [9] Cloud Security Alliance. (2009). Security Guidance for Critical Areas of Focus in Cloud Computing. [Online]. Available: https:// cloudsecurityalliance.org/csaguide [10] S. K. Sood, ‘‘A combined approach to ensure data security in cloud computing,’’J.Netw.Comput.Appl.,vol.35,no.6,pp.1831–1838,Nov.2012. [11] F. Liu, J. Tong, J. Mao, and Robert, ‘‘NIST cloud computing reference architecture,’’ Nat. Inst. Standards Technol., Gaithersburg, MD, USA, Sep. 2011. [12] K. E. Voelkl and S. B. Gerber, ‘‘Regression analysis,’’ in Using SPSS for Windows. Springer, 1999, pp. 171–194. [13] B. Lawal, ‘‘Regression analysis,’’ in Applied Statistical Methods in Agriculture, Health and Life Sciences. Springer, 2014, pp. 217–306. [14] G. Raj, K. Yadav, and A. Jaiswal, ‘‘Emphasis on testing assimilation usingcloudcomputingforimprovisedagileSCRUMframework,’’inProc. Int. Conf. Futuristic Trends Comput. Anal. Knowl. Manage. (ABLAZE), Feb. 2015, pp. 219–225. [15] B. Ratner. The Correlation Coefficient: Definition. Accessed:Nov.2,2016.[Online].Available:http://www.dmstat1.com/res/ thecorrelationcoefficientdefined.html [16] J. Neter, W. Wasserman, and M. H. Kutner, Applied Linear Regression Models. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 2004. [17] E. Adriano and D. Lucrédio, ‘‘Software engineering for the cloud: A research roadmap,’’ in Proc. 26th Brazilian Symp. Softw. Eng., Sep. 2012, pp. 71–80. [18] S.Dhar,‘‘Fromoutsourcingtocloudcomputing:EvolutionofITservices,’’ Manage. Res. Rev., vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 664–675, Jul. 2012. [19] N. Alkhater, R. Walters, and G. Wills, ‘‘An empirical study of factors influencing cloud adoption among private sector organisations,’’ Telematics Inform., vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 38–54, Apr. 2018. [20] S. Venkatraman and B. Wadhwa, ‘‘Cloud computing a research roadmap incoalescencewithsoftwareengineering,’’Softw.Eng.,Int.J.vol.2,no.2, p. 2, Sep. 2012. [21] S. A. Butt, ‘‘Study of agile methodology with the cloud,’’ Pacific Sci. Rev. B, Humanities Social Sci., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 22–28, Jan. 2016. [22] A. Lin and N.-C. Chen, ‘‘Cloud computing as an innovation: Percepetion, attitude, and adoption,’’ Int. J. Inf. Manage., vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 533–540, Dec. 2012. [23] A. Gutierrez, E. Boukrami, and R. Lumsden, ‘‘Technological, organisational and environmental factors influencing managers’ decision to adopt cloud computing in the UK,’’ J. Enterprise Inf. Manage., vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 788–807, Oct. 2015. [24] J. F. Hair, C. M. Ringle, and M. Sarstedt, ‘‘PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet,’’ J. Marketing theory Pract., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 139–152, 2011. [25] Institute for Digital Research and Education. Annotated SPSS Output Regression Analysis. Accessed: Nov. 2, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/spss/output/reg_spss_long.htm [26] B. Ratner, ‘‘The correlation coefficient: Definition,’’ DM Stat-1 Articles, vol. 11a, 2007. [27] B. Lawal, Applied Statistical Methods in Agriculture, Health and Life Sciences. Springer, 2014. [28] M. H. Kutner, C. Nachtsheim, and J. Neter, Applied Linear Regression Models. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 2004. [29]M. I. Tariq, S. Tayyaba, H. Rasheed, and M. W. Ashraf, ‘‘Factors influencing the cloud computing adoption in higher education institutions of Punjab, Pakistan,’’ in Proc. Int. Conf. Commun., Comput. Digit. Syst. (C-CODE), Mar. 2017, pp. 179–184. [30] T. Oliveira, M. Thomas, and M. Espadanal, ‘‘Assessing the determinants of cloud computing adoption: An analysis of the manufacturing and services sectors,’’ Inf. Manage., vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 497–510, Jul. 2014. [31] S.A.ButtandT.Jamal,‘‘Frequentchangerequestfromusertohandlecost on project in agile model,’’ Asia–Pacific J. Multidisciplinary Res., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 26–42, 2017.CC0 1.0 Universalhttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Agile-cloud computingIndustries adoptionChallenges and future directionsPredictive variables for agile development merging cloud computing servicesArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionPublicationCC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8701https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/39d121ae-03f9-4b7a-9052-c7012a394b8a/download42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708cMD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/5e7ad389-7535-452d-84f2-833bea075397/download8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD53ORIGINALPredictive Variables for Agile Development Merging Cloud Computing Services.pdfPredictive Variables for Agile Development Merging Cloud Computing Services.pdfapplication/pdf2177214https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/65a9d4a4-8c1e-4c2f-bfe1-8d4456eb1fff/download61898fb1ec545e7117f8055dc9d54a14MD51THUMBNAILPredictive Variables for Agile Development Merging Cloud Computing Services.pdf.jpgPredictive Variables for Agile Development Merging Cloud Computing Services.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg72330https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/ae48510f-78aa-4453-811c-bf43b68c74fd/download6f62b8d53087cef096f3e72d25cfbe8aMD55TEXTPredictive Variables for Agile Development Merging Cloud Computing Services.pdf.txtPredictive Variables for Agile Development Merging Cloud Computing Services.pdf.txttext/plain32634https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/c81ccd22-c8c8-44ea-a536-45b391b555cf/download6118cf14037e09a2ed0fe010786ba971MD5611323/5658oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/56582024-09-17 10:56:32.929http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/CC0 1.0 Universalopen.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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