Sustainable production program in the mexican mining industry: occupational risks

Speaking of mining and sustainability sounds contradictory, as the environmental impact generated by resource extraction is well known. How-ever, there are mining companies that are working to be safe and environmentally friendly. An example of this is presented in this study aimed at identifying oc...

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Autores:
Zavala Reyna, Andrea
Sánchez Duarte, Nancy
Alvarado Ibarra, Juana
Velázquez Contreras, Luis
Munguía Vega, Nora
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2015
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/2559
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/2559
https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.11.2.2015.03
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Small-scale Mining
Sustainable Production
Occupational Risks
Northwest of Mexico
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openAccess
License
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Sustainable production program in the mexican mining industry: occupational risks
title Sustainable production program in the mexican mining industry: occupational risks
spellingShingle Sustainable production program in the mexican mining industry: occupational risks
Small-scale Mining
Sustainable Production
Occupational Risks
Northwest of Mexico
title_short Sustainable production program in the mexican mining industry: occupational risks
title_full Sustainable production program in the mexican mining industry: occupational risks
title_fullStr Sustainable production program in the mexican mining industry: occupational risks
title_full_unstemmed Sustainable production program in the mexican mining industry: occupational risks
title_sort Sustainable production program in the mexican mining industry: occupational risks
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Zavala Reyna, Andrea
Sánchez Duarte, Nancy
Alvarado Ibarra, Juana
Velázquez Contreras, Luis
Munguía Vega, Nora
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Zavala Reyna, Andrea
Sánchez Duarte, Nancy
Alvarado Ibarra, Juana
Velázquez Contreras, Luis
Munguía Vega, Nora
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Small-scale Mining
Sustainable Production
Occupational Risks
Northwest of Mexico
topic Small-scale Mining
Sustainable Production
Occupational Risks
Northwest of Mexico
description Speaking of mining and sustainability sounds contradictory, as the environmental impact generated by resource extraction is well known. How-ever, there are mining companies that are working to be safe and environmentally friendly. An example of this is presented in this study aimed at identifying oc-cupational risks generated by the activities of a small-scale gold and silver mine located in northwestern Mexico. The methodology followed was a Sustainable Production Program (SPP) based on a continuous cycle of five steps in which the tools of cleaner production and pollution prevention are adapted. As a result of this project, it was possible to implement SPP activ-ities: training for workers, use of personal protective equipment and adequate handling of chemicals. As a conclusion, it was verified that SPP application helped this mining company move towards sustainable pat-terns of production.
publishDate 2015
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2015-09-28
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2019-02-15T21:53:39Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2019-02-15T21:53:39Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv Zavala Reyna, A., Sánchez Duarte, N., Alvarado Ibarra, J., Velázquez Contreras, L., & Munguía Vega, N. (2015). Programa de producción sustentable en la minería mexicana: riesgos ocupacionales. INGE CUC, 11(2), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.11.2.2015.03
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identifier_str_mv Zavala Reyna, A., Sánchez Duarte, N., Alvarado Ibarra, J., Velázquez Contreras, L., & Munguía Vega, N. (2015). Programa de producción sustentable en la minería mexicana: riesgos ocupacionales. INGE CUC, 11(2), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.11.2.2015.03
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dc.relation.ispartofseries.spa.fl_str_mv INGE CUC; Vol. 11, Núm. 2 (2015)
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INGE CUC
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv [1] J. Oyarzún, “Minería, desarrollo y ambiente: una perspectiva histórica,” 2009. [Online]. Available: http://www.aulados.net/Ciencia_Sociedad/Mineria_Desarrollo_Ambiente/Mineria_Desarrollo_Ambiente.pdf.
[2] G. Hilson and B. Murck, “Sustainable development in the mining industry: clarifying the corporate perspective,” Resour. Policy, vol. 26, pp. 227–238, 2000.
[3] INEGI, “Actividades económicas secundarias: Minería,” 2010. [Online]. Available: http://www.inegi.org.mx/.
[4] F. González-Sánchez and A. Camprubí, “Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana,” vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 101–108, 2010.
[5] D. Meza, R. Maier, M. De la O, A. Gómez, A. Moreno, J. Rivera, A. Campillo, C. Grandlic, R. Anaya, and J. Palafox, “The impact of unconfined mine tailings in residential areas from a mining town in a semi-arid environment: Nacozari, Sonora, Mexico,” Chemosph. 77, pp. 140–147, 2009. DOI: 10.1016 / j.chemosphere.2009.04.068
[6] J. Oyarzún and R. Oyarzun, “Minería sostenible: Principios y prácticas,” 2011. [Online]. Available: http://eprints.ucm.es/13264/1/Libro_Mineria_Sostenible.pdf.
[7] Y. R. Ramos Arroyo, R. M. Prol Ledesma, and C. D. Siebe Grabach, “Características geológicas y mineralógicas e historia de extracción del Distrito de Guanajuato, México. Posibles escenarios geoquímicos para los residuos mineros,” Rev. Mex. Ciencias Geológicas, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 268–284, 2004.
[8] D. Cain, “Sustainable development and the mineral industry,” Aust. Coal Rev., vol. 32, no. 15, pp. 13–15, 2000.
[9] A. M. Donoghue, “Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview.,” Occup. Med. (Lond)., vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 283–9, Aug. 2004. DOI : 10.1093/occmed/kqh072
[10] D. Gallardo-Martínez, I. Cabrera-Díaz, N. Bruguera-Amaran, and F. Madrazo-Escalona, “Evaluación de impactos ambientales provocados por la actividad minera en la localidad de Santa Lucía, Pinar del Río.,” Rev. Av., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 94–108, 2013.
[11] L. Carrizales, I. Razo, J. I. Téllez-Hernández, R. Torres-Nerio, A. Torres, L. E. Batres, A.-C. Cubillas, and F. Díaz-Barriga, “Exposure to arsenic and lead of children living near a copper-smelter in San Luis Potosi, Mexico: Importance of soil contamination for exposure of children.,” Environ. Res., vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 1–10, May 2006. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2005.07.010.
[12] L. Yáñez, E. García-Nieto, E. Rojas, L. Carrizales, J. Mejía, J. Calderón, I. Razo, and F. Díaz-Barriga, “DNA damage in blood cells from children exposed to arsenic and lead in a mining area.,” Environ. Res., vol. 93, no. 3, pp. 231–40, Nov. 2003. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2003.07.005
[13] J. L. Rosado, D. Ronquillo, K. Kordas, O. Rojas, J. Alatorre, P. Lopez, G. Garcia-Vargas, M. Del Carmen Caamaño, M. E. Cebrián, and R. J. Stoltzfus, “Arsenic exposure and cognitive performance in Mexican schoolchildren.,” Environ. Health Perspect., vol. 115, no. 9, pp. 1371–5, Sep. 2007. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9961
[14] D. Laurence, “Establishing a sustainable mining operation: an overview,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 19, no. 2–3, pp. 278–284, Jan. 2011. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.08.019
[15] S. A. Moreno Zazueta And J. M. Rodríguez Zavala, “Sustentabilidad Y Mineria ¿Es Esto Posible?,” Epistemus, Vol. 1, No. 4, Pp. 76–81, 2008.
[16] G. Hilson, “Pollution prevention and cleaner production in the mining industry: an analysis of current issues,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 119–126, Apr. 2000.DOI: 10.1016/S0959-6526(99)00320-0
[17] G. Hilson, “Defining ‘cleaner production’ and ‘pollution prevention’ in the mining context,” Miner. Eng., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 305–321, Apr. 2003.DOI: 10.1016/S0892-6875(03)00012-8
[18] G. Hilson, “Barriers to implementing cleaner technologies and cleaner production (CP) practices in the mining industry: A case study of the Americas,” Miner. Eng., vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 699–717, Jul. 2000. DOI: 10.1016/S0892-6875(00)00055-8
[19] A. Azapagic, “Developing a framework for sustainable development indicators for the mining and minerals industry,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 639–662, Aug. 2004. DOI: 10.1016/S0959-6526(03)00075-1
[20] Acción RSE, “Mejores prácticas de los reportes de sustentabilidad en Chile,” 2010. [Online]. Available: http://www.mapeo-rse.info/sites/default/files/Mejores_practicas_de_los_Reportes_de.pdf.
[21] A. Zavala, R. Moure-Eraso, N. Munguía, and L. Velázquez, “A Sustainable Services System in the Automotive Refinishing Industry,” in New Trends and Developments in Automotive Industry, M. Chiaberge, Ed. InTech, 2011, pp. 89–107. DOI: 10.5772/1821
[22] “Comisión Nacional del Agua.” [Online]. Available: http://www.conagua.gob.mx/. [Accessed: 01-Jul-2014].
[23] E. R. Gazdag and E. Sipter, “Geochemical background in heavy metals and human health risk assessment at an ore mine site, Gyöngyösoroszi (North Hungary),” Carpathian J. Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 83–92, 2008.
[24] R. G. Eggert, “Sustainable Development and the Mineral Industry,” in Sustainable Development and the Future of Mineral Investment, Francia: Division of Technology, Industry and Economics, 2000.
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spelling Zavala Reyna, AndreaSánchez Duarte, NancyAlvarado Ibarra, JuanaVelázquez Contreras, LuisMunguía Vega, Nora2019-02-15T21:53:39Z2019-02-15T21:53:39Z2015-09-28Zavala Reyna, A., Sánchez Duarte, N., Alvarado Ibarra, J., Velázquez Contreras, L., & Munguía Vega, N. (2015). Programa de producción sustentable en la minería mexicana: riesgos ocupacionales. INGE CUC, 11(2), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.11.2.2015.030122-6517, 2382-4700 electrónicohttps://hdl.handle.net/11323/2559https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.11.2.2015.0310.17981/ingecuc.11.2.2015.032382-4700Corporación Universidad de la Costa0122-6517REDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Speaking of mining and sustainability sounds contradictory, as the environmental impact generated by resource extraction is well known. How-ever, there are mining companies that are working to be safe and environmentally friendly. An example of this is presented in this study aimed at identifying oc-cupational risks generated by the activities of a small-scale gold and silver mine located in northwestern Mexico. The methodology followed was a Sustainable Production Program (SPP) based on a continuous cycle of five steps in which the tools of cleaner production and pollution prevention are adapted. As a result of this project, it was possible to implement SPP activ-ities: training for workers, use of personal protective equipment and adequate handling of chemicals. As a conclusion, it was verified that SPP application helped this mining company move towards sustainable pat-terns of production.Hablar de minería y sustentabilidad suena contradictorio, ya que es bien sabido el impacto ambiental que se genera por la extracción de recursos. Sin embargo, existen empresas mineras que están trabajando para ser seguras y amigables con el ambiente. Un ejemplo de lo anterior se presenta en este estudio, cuyo objetivo fue identificar los riesgos ocupacionales generados por las actividades de una pequeña mina de oro y plata ubicada en el noroeste de México. La metodología que se siguió fue un Programa de Producción Sustentable (PPS), basado en un ciclo continuo de cinco pasos, en el cual se adaptan las herramientas de producción más limpias y prevención de la contaminación. Como resultado de este proyecto, se logró implementar el PPS en actividades de: capacitación a los trabajadores, uso de equipo de protección personal y manejo de sustancias químicas. A manera de conclusión, se establece que la aplicación del PPS coadyuva a transitar hacia patrones sustentables de producción.Zavala Reyna, AndreaSánchez Duarte, NancyAlvarado Ibarra, JuanaVelázquez Contreras, LuisMunguía Vega, Noraapplication/pdfengCorporación Universidad de la CostaINGE CUC; Vol. 11, Núm. 2 (2015)INGE CUCINGE CUC[1] J. Oyarzún, “Minería, desarrollo y ambiente: una perspectiva histórica,” 2009. [Online]. Available: http://www.aulados.net/Ciencia_Sociedad/Mineria_Desarrollo_Ambiente/Mineria_Desarrollo_Ambiente.pdf.[2] G. Hilson and B. Murck, “Sustainable development in the mining industry: clarifying the corporate perspective,” Resour. Policy, vol. 26, pp. 227–238, 2000.[3] INEGI, “Actividades económicas secundarias: Minería,” 2010. [Online]. Available: http://www.inegi.org.mx/.[4] F. González-Sánchez and A. Camprubí, “Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana,” vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 101–108, 2010.[5] D. Meza, R. Maier, M. De la O, A. Gómez, A. Moreno, J. Rivera, A. Campillo, C. Grandlic, R. Anaya, and J. Palafox, “The impact of unconfined mine tailings in residential areas from a mining town in a semi-arid environment: Nacozari, Sonora, Mexico,” Chemosph. 77, pp. 140–147, 2009. DOI: 10.1016 / j.chemosphere.2009.04.068[6] J. Oyarzún and R. Oyarzun, “Minería sostenible: Principios y prácticas,” 2011. [Online]. Available: http://eprints.ucm.es/13264/1/Libro_Mineria_Sostenible.pdf.[7] Y. R. Ramos Arroyo, R. M. Prol Ledesma, and C. D. Siebe Grabach, “Características geológicas y mineralógicas e historia de extracción del Distrito de Guanajuato, México. Posibles escenarios geoquímicos para los residuos mineros,” Rev. Mex. Ciencias Geológicas, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 268–284, 2004.[8] D. Cain, “Sustainable development and the mineral industry,” Aust. Coal Rev., vol. 32, no. 15, pp. 13–15, 2000.[9] A. M. Donoghue, “Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview.,” Occup. Med. (Lond)., vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 283–9, Aug. 2004. DOI : 10.1093/occmed/kqh072[10] D. Gallardo-Martínez, I. Cabrera-Díaz, N. Bruguera-Amaran, and F. Madrazo-Escalona, “Evaluación de impactos ambientales provocados por la actividad minera en la localidad de Santa Lucía, Pinar del Río.,” Rev. Av., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 94–108, 2013.[11] L. Carrizales, I. Razo, J. I. Téllez-Hernández, R. Torres-Nerio, A. Torres, L. E. Batres, A.-C. Cubillas, and F. Díaz-Barriga, “Exposure to arsenic and lead of children living near a copper-smelter in San Luis Potosi, Mexico: Importance of soil contamination for exposure of children.,” Environ. Res., vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 1–10, May 2006. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2005.07.010.[12] L. Yáñez, E. García-Nieto, E. Rojas, L. Carrizales, J. Mejía, J. Calderón, I. Razo, and F. Díaz-Barriga, “DNA damage in blood cells from children exposed to arsenic and lead in a mining area.,” Environ. Res., vol. 93, no. 3, pp. 231–40, Nov. 2003. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2003.07.005[13] J. L. Rosado, D. Ronquillo, K. Kordas, O. Rojas, J. Alatorre, P. Lopez, G. Garcia-Vargas, M. Del Carmen Caamaño, M. E. Cebrián, and R. J. Stoltzfus, “Arsenic exposure and cognitive performance in Mexican schoolchildren.,” Environ. Health Perspect., vol. 115, no. 9, pp. 1371–5, Sep. 2007. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9961[14] D. Laurence, “Establishing a sustainable mining operation: an overview,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 19, no. 2–3, pp. 278–284, Jan. 2011. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.08.019[15] S. A. Moreno Zazueta And J. M. Rodríguez Zavala, “Sustentabilidad Y Mineria ¿Es Esto Posible?,” Epistemus, Vol. 1, No. 4, Pp. 76–81, 2008.[16] G. Hilson, “Pollution prevention and cleaner production in the mining industry: an analysis of current issues,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 119–126, Apr. 2000.DOI: 10.1016/S0959-6526(99)00320-0[17] G. Hilson, “Defining ‘cleaner production’ and ‘pollution prevention’ in the mining context,” Miner. Eng., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 305–321, Apr. 2003.DOI: 10.1016/S0892-6875(03)00012-8[18] G. Hilson, “Barriers to implementing cleaner technologies and cleaner production (CP) practices in the mining industry: A case study of the Americas,” Miner. Eng., vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 699–717, Jul. 2000. DOI: 10.1016/S0892-6875(00)00055-8[19] A. Azapagic, “Developing a framework for sustainable development indicators for the mining and minerals industry,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 639–662, Aug. 2004. DOI: 10.1016/S0959-6526(03)00075-1[20] Acción RSE, “Mejores prácticas de los reportes de sustentabilidad en Chile,” 2010. [Online]. Available: http://www.mapeo-rse.info/sites/default/files/Mejores_practicas_de_los_Reportes_de.pdf.[21] A. Zavala, R. Moure-Eraso, N. Munguía, and L. Velázquez, “A Sustainable Services System in the Automotive Refinishing Industry,” in New Trends and Developments in Automotive Industry, M. Chiaberge, Ed. InTech, 2011, pp. 89–107. DOI: 10.5772/1821[22] “Comisión Nacional del Agua.” [Online]. Available: http://www.conagua.gob.mx/. [Accessed: 01-Jul-2014].[23] E. R. Gazdag and E. Sipter, “Geochemical background in heavy metals and human health risk assessment at an ore mine site, Gyöngyösoroszi (North Hungary),” Carpathian J. Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 83–92, 2008.[24] R. G. Eggert, “Sustainable Development and the Mineral Industry,” in Sustainable Development and the Future of Mineral Investment, Francia: Division of Technology, Industry and Economics, 2000.211INGE CUCINGE CUChttps://revistascientificas.cuc.edu.co/ingecuc/article/view/401Small-scale MiningSustainable ProductionOccupational RisksNorthwest of MexicoSustainable production program in the mexican mining industry: occupational risksArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2PublicationORIGINALSustainable Production Program in the Mexican Mining Industry Occupational Risks.pdfSustainable Production Program in the Mexican Mining Industry Occupational Risks.pdfapplication/pdf848460https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/88a95019-34ad-4c4b-9d78-201de80bb4a2/downloada1c7188f5f457bc41cd85948725c1125MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/b3706a35-4c26-4cc6-bd49-dad36e765c7e/download8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD52THUMBNAILSustainable Production Program in the Mexican Mining Industry Occupational Risks.pdf.jpgSustainable Production Program in the Mexican Mining Industry Occupational Risks.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg59316https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/51c51cdf-4b2d-4912-8cde-3466b616d4bd/download15d5a9b6e9dafe56176e39515f514a37MD54TEXTSustainable Production Program in the Mexican Mining Industry Occupational Risks.pdf.txtSustainable Production Program in the Mexican Mining Industry Occupational Risks.pdf.txttext/plain29123https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/f432de83-4315-489b-8127-0f555a551dff/downloadb9abc4cefe0ff0f99f1a12084644e941MD5511323/2559oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/25592024-09-17 11:01:23.01open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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